Spurflowers
| Spurflowers | ||||||||||||
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Red spurflower ( Centranthus ruber ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Centranthus | ||||||||||||
| DC. |
The spur flowers ( Centranthus ) are a plant genus in the subfamily of the valerian family (Valerianoideae), which is now part of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae).
description
Spurflowers are annual to perennial herbaceous plants . Some species form rhizomes that have a strong smell. The stem axis is bare. The leaves are opposite and have entire margins to pinnate in shape , often in a bluish green tone. The bracts are shield-shaped .
The inflorescences are in thyrses to pleiothyrses with dichasially branched partial inflorescences , the end branches of which are rich-flowered coils . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold. The calyxes remain rolled up during the flowering period, the crowns consist of five irregular, bilobed lobes. The corolla-tube is thin and long and has a spur near the base . Each single flower has only one stamen . The more or less subordinate ovary is three-chambered; the pen jutting out of the bloom and carrying a two- to three-part scar .
At the time of fruiting, the calyx unrolls into a multi-rayed feather crown, made up of 10 to 23 feathers. The flight fruits are oblong-egg-shaped and flattened. They carry sterile compartments that have shriveled into strips. The fruits are lonely. Different types of fruit can form on the same plant.
distribution
The distribution area extends from Macaronesia over the Mediterranean area to the east into the Caucasus region and southern Russia. The small spurflower and the red spurflower also occur as adventitious plants in Central Europe. Two species, Centranthus macrosiphon and Centranthus ruber , are also found in Australia as neophytes .
Systematics
The spur flowers belong to the subfamily of the valerian plants in the honeysuckle family , where they are classified in the monophyletic tribe Valerianeae .
The genus itself contains eleven species:
- Centranthus amazonum Fridlender & A.Raynal : Home is Sardinia .
- Narrow-leaved spur flower or small spur flower ( Centranthus angustifolius (Mill.) DC. ): The home is Spain , France , Italy and Switzerland .
- Centranthus battandieri Maire (It is also referred to as the subspecies Centranthus nevadensis Boiss. Subsp. Battandieri (Maire) Fern.Casas & Molero to Centranthus nevadensis .) It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
- Ankle Angel Spornflower ( Centranthus calcitrapae (L.) Dufr. ): The home is the Mediterranean and Asia Minor .
- Centranthus lecoqii Jordan : The home is Spain , Andorra and southern France .
- Centranthus longiflorus Steven : It is native to Greece , Bulgaria , North Africa , West Asia and Georgia .
- Large-tube spurflower ( Centranthus macrosiphon Boiss. ): The home is Spain, Algeria and Morocco .
- Centranthus nevadensis Boiss. : The home is southern Spain and Morocco.
- Red spurflower ( Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. ): It is native to Southern Europe , Eastern Europe , North Africa , Madeira , the Canary Islands and Turkey .
- Centranthus sieberi Heldr. : The home is Crete . It is also known as the subspecies Centranthus nevadensis subsp. sieberi (hero) I. Richardson placed at Centranthus nevadensis .
- Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Béguinot : It occurs in Corsica (near Bonifacio ) and in Sardinia .
swell
literature
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 , p. 34 .
- Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 .
- IBK Richardson: Centranthus DC. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 55–56 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oriane Hidalgo, Teresa Garnatje, Alfonso Susanna, Joel Mathez: Phylogeny of Valerianaceae based on matK and ITS markers, with reference to matK individual polymorphism . In: Annals of Botany . tape 93 , no. 3 , March 2004, p. 283-293 , doi : 10.1093 / aob / mch042 .
- ^ IBK Richardson: A revision of the genus Centranthus DC. (Valerianaceae) . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 71 , no. 3 , 1976, p. 211-234 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.1975.tb02536.x .
- ↑ Alain Fridlender, Aline Raynal-Roques: Une nouvelle espèce de Centranthus (Valerianaceae) endémique de Sardaigne. In: Adansonia, série 3. Volume 20, No. 2, 1998, pp. 327–332 ( Abstract ( Memento of the original from November 19, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check Original and archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g E. von Raab-Straube & T. Henning (2017+): Valerianaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Data sheet Valerianaceae
- ^ A b c Centranthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Nicholas J. Turland, Lance Chilton, J. Robert Press: Flora of the Cretan Area. Annotated Checklist and Atlas . The Natural History Museum and HMSO, London 1993, ISBN 0-11-310043-4 , pp. 155 (English).
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