Champaka
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Champaka ( Magnolia champaca ) |
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| ( L. ) Baill. ex Pierre |
Magnolia champaca rarely Joy perfume tree and in the home areas also Champaka , champak , Huang Yu Lan or Safa called, is a flowering plant in the genus Magnolia ( Magnolia ) in the family of Magnoliaceae (Magnoliaceae).
description
Habit and leaf
Magnolia champaca usually grows as an evergreen medium-sized to large tree with heights of 9 to 24 meters, sometimes as a shrub in cultivation due to lack of space . The bark is dark gray. The bark of young twigs is rust-colored and woolly.
The simple, leathery leaves are 13 to 25 centimeters long and 4.5 to 8.5 centimeters wide and lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate. Both leaf surfaces are hairy in rust color, at most glabrous on the leaf veins . The stipules are hairy intensely rust-colored and downy.
blossoms
The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils. The early falling bracts are hairy rust or gold. The flower stalk is 3 to 5 mm long.
The fragrant, hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 5 to 7 centimeters. There are 12 to 15, rarely up to 20 almost identical bracts present; they are 2 to 3.5 inches long, 0.3 to 1.2 inches wide and light yellow to orange in color. The many stamens have a length of 5 to 7 mm with 1.5 to 2 mm long stamens. The many free, one-chamber carpels are 4 mm long and each contain two or more ovules .
Fruit and seeds
Many follicles are arranged on a 5 to 10 centimeter long fruiting axis. The brown follicles are 1 to 2 centimeters wide, almost as wide as they are long, sparsely hairy and covered with warty growths. They open from top to bottom on one or sometimes both sides and contain one to two or a few seeds. The brown, shiny seeds are 5 to 12 mm long and are usually rounded at the back.
use
The scent of the flowers is as seductive as a noble perfume , and this is exactly why the aromatic substances are extracted and used. Champaka is used to make "Joy", the most expensive perfume flavor in the world.
Champaka is an important flower that is used in almost all Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and India for Ayurveda , ceremonies and massages and is mostly cultivated there near the temples. In Bali , the flower is soaked in water. The fragrant water is then ritually sprinkled for the blessing of the house and when praying. The flowers are also traditionally worn in the hair and are part of ceremonial dance headdresses. The scent can be perceived hundreds of meters; a single flower is sufficient as a fragrance dispenser for a room or car.
The ingredients have a non-oily consistency and are obtained through distillation , pressing and extraction using a solution. Use for perfume oil , aromatherapy , cosmetics , fragrances, soaps , flavors in the food industry, alternative medicine use for gastritis , strengthening of ligaments and muscles , chronic arthritis , colic , has a diuretic effect , has a reputation as an effective aphrodisiac . A component of Nag Champa, according to some incense manufacturers . The best known manufacturer is Agarbatti.
Ayurveda classification: larynx chakra (Vishudda), “purity”, cleansing mixture, element ether . Recommended for breathing difficulties and mucus. Michelia champaka flower and Ocimum sanctum plant. A decoction of the bark is used in the east to reduce fever.
Champaka is one of the Asian, Oceanic and Australian export woods. The wood is soft and breaks easily.
Systematics and distribution
It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Michelia champaca by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, page 536. Synonyms for Michelia champaca L. are: Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre , Magnolia membranacea P.Parm. , Michelia blumei Steud. , Michelia euonymoides Burm. f. , Michelia pilifera Bakh. f. , Michelia rufinervis flower , Michelia suaveolens Pers. , Michelia tsiampacca flower , Michelia tsiampacca var. Blumei Moritzi , Michelia velutina flower , Sampacca suaveolens (Pers.) Kuntze , Sampacca velutina Kuntze
Magnolia champaca belongs to the Michelia section in the genus Magnolias ( Magnolia ). Other authors see Michelia champaca L. in a separate genus Michelia L. .
Depending on the author, there are two varieties of Magnolia champaca :
- Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre var. champaca : It probably comes from southern India. It is grown as an ornamental and medicinal plant in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan.
- Magnolia champaca var. Pubinervia (flower) Figlar & Noot. (Syn .: Michelia champaca var. Pubinervia (flower) Miq. , Michelia pubinervia flower ): It is widespread from India to Nepal , Myanmar , Thailand , Vietnam , southern Tibet , southern to southwestern Yunnan to Indonesia and Malaysia .
swell
- Yuhu Liu, Nianhe Xia, Liu Yuhu, Hans P. Nooteboom: Magnoliaceae. : In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1 -930723-81-8 . Michelia champaca Linnaeus , p. 79 - online with the same text as the printed work. (Sections Description and Distribution)
- SK Khanuada, SA Khan: Magnoliaceae. : Magnolia champaca at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (Description Section)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Magnolia champaca at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 15, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d Yuhu Liu, Nianhe Xia, Liu Yuhu, Hans P. Nooteboom: Magnoliaceae. : In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 7 - Menispermaceae through Capparaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1 -930723-81-8 . Michelia champaca Linnaeus , p. 79 - online with the same text as the printed work.
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Magnolia champaca. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 26, 2019.
