Charlotte Brontë

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charlotte Brontë (photograph from 1854)
Portrait of George Richmond, 1850

Charlotte Brontë [ ˈʃɑːlət ˈbrɒnteɪ ] or [ ˈbrɒnti: ] (born April 21, 1816 in Thornton , Yorkshire , † March 31, 1855 in Haworth , Yorkshire) was a British writer . She published her novels under the pen name Currer Bell .

Life

Charlotte Brontë was the third child of Irish pastor Patrick Brontë and his wife Maria, née. Branwell, born. Her two older sisters died of tuberculosis in childhood . She and her three younger siblings Patrick Branwell , Emily Jane and Anne began to write as a child. As part of the imaginary realm of Glass Town / Angria, she wrote z. B. handwritten with her brother 15 issues of Young Men's Magazine (they used Blackwood's Magazine as a model ). Handwritten narratives also date from this period, which were written on small, closely-written sheets of about 12 cm high. These manuscripts are in great demand because of their tiny size, and some sold for £ 690,000 in 2012. Even then, the author used various male pseudonyms . The children were homeschooled. Only short school stays in Cowan Bridge ( Lancashire ), a boarding school for pastors' daughters, and Roe Head (near Mirfield), where she was the best in class in 18 months, separated her from her siblings. During her school days she met Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor, with whom she would maintain close friendships for the rest of her life. Some biographers suspect a lesbian relationship beyond friendship between Ellen and Charlotte, the first E. F. Benson in 1932. Lucasta Miller points out in The Brontë Myth that these speculations are based solely on the interpretation of some passages from Brontë's letters.

In Roe Head, Charlotte Brontë started teaching in 1835. In 1839 and 1841 she worked as a governess . With the intention to open a school in Haworth, she traveled in 1842 with her sister Emily to Brussels to there in de Pensionnat Demoiselles Madame Heger to improve their knowledge of French. Her unrequited love for Monsieur Heger became the subject of her novel The Professor , which was only published posthumously .

In 1844 Brontë returned to Haworth. The school project had to be abandoned due to a lack of students. Together with her sisters, she published a volume of poetry under the (male) pseudonyms Ellis (Emily), Acton (Anne) and Currer (Charlotte) Bell, which turned out to be slow-moving. Brontë's first novel The Professor also failed to find a publisher during her lifetime. The literary breakthrough came with the novel Jane Eyre (1847), also published under the pseudonym Currer Bell . The contemporaries initially suspected a male author. Upon disclosing her identity, she was introduced into London literary circles and enjoyed a brief period of fame. Nevertheless, her books continued to appear under her pseudonym.

In 1854 Charlotte Brontë married Arthur Bell Nicholls (1819–1906), her father's assistant pastor. On Holy Saturday 1855 she died - according to the death certificate of phthisis nervosa - probably as a result of insatiable vomiting during pregnancy ( hyperemesis gravidarum ).

Charlotte Brontë's last manuscript, entitled Emma , remained unfinished and appeared posthumously as a fragment in 1860.

Afterlife

Works

Adaptations

literature

Web links

Commons : Charlotte Brontë  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Charlotte Brontë  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nancy Moen: Mysterious manuscript. In: Mizzou Wire, January 22, 2012. Online: Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mizzouwire.missouri.edu
  2. ^ E. F. Benson: Charlotte Brontë , London 1932; Rebecca Jennings, A Lesbian History of Britain: love and sex between women since 1500 , Oxford, Greenwood World Publishers, 2007.
  3. ↑ Lucasta Miller: The Brontë Myth , London, Random House UK, 2001, p. 271.
  4. ↑ Brontës on books-wiki.de
  5. ↑ Shahidha Bari : Rochester and the Rest , Review, in: Financial Times , October 24, 2015, p. 12
personal data
SURNAME Brontë, Charlotte
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British writer
DATE OF BIRTH April 21, 1816
PLACE OF BIRTH Thornton , Yorkshire
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1855
Place of death Haworth , Yorkshire