Chelmsford
| Chelmsford | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 44 ′ N , 0 ° 28 ′ E | ||
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| Residents | 99,962 (as of April 29, 2001) | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | CHELMSFORD | ||
| ZIP code section | CM1, CM2, CM3 | ||
| prefix | 01245 | ||
| Part of the country | England | ||
| region | East of England | ||
| Shire county | Essex | ||
| District | Chelmsford | ||
| Website: chelmsford.gov.uk | |||
Chelmsford is a town in District Chelmsford , in the county of Essex in England , about 45 kilometers northeast of London . The city is almost in the center of the county and is its administrative seat, although it is not the largest or oldest city in Essex.
history
The granting of market rights by the Bishop of London in 1199 is the first written mention of Chelmsford. However, there were already settlements in this area in prehistoric times. A Neolithic settlement and one from the later Bronze Age were found in the Springfield borough. Later there was a Roman settlement here called Caesaromagus . The remains of an eight-sided temple are under the Odeon roundabout.
During World War II , Chelmsford was attacked several times. The heaviest attack took place on Tuesday, December 19, 1944, when the 367th V2 rocket, which hit England, fell near the ball bearing factory. 39 people were killed and 138 injured, 47 of them seriously. Several houses were destroyed and hundreds damaged.
The local football club Chelmsford City Football Club has had the name "City" since 1938, as it was assumed that the city would have already received this status through the cathedral, but Queen Elizabeth II only granted Chelmsford in 2012 on the occasion of her 60th anniversary to the throne the title of a city .
The population of the City of Chelmsford in 2001 was 156,000; about a third live within the city.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
About 10,000 commuters travel to London daily, making Chelmsford the busiest through station in England (the busiest station is Clapham Junction ).
The A12 main thoroughfare from London was originally constructed by the Romans to link London and Colchester ; Once the road cut through Chelmsford, today it is diverted to the east of the city.
economy
Chelmsford has been an important industrial center in England since the 19th century. The first electrical machine factory in the United Kingdom was built here in 1878, and the first ball bearing factory in 1898 .
In 1898, Guglielmo Marconi , the "father of radio ", opened the world's first radio factory in Hall Street, which initially employed around 50 people. In 1920 the factory became the site of the UK's first official radio broadcast. In 1922 the first entertainment radio broadcasts began at the Marconi Research Center in Writtle near Chelmsford.
In Chelmsford there is now an Aldi logistics center and a larger BAE Systems site .
education
Chelmsford is the location for some departments of the Anglia Ruskin University .
religion
Chelmsford has the smallest cathedral in England. John Dee , who translated Euclid into English , attended the cathedral school in the 16th century.
Since 2020, the British branch of Jehovah's Witnesses has been located in West Hanningfield, about 8 km south.
Attractions
Chelmsford attractions include Writtle , where King Robert I of Scotland was married for the second time; further Pleshey , where the ruins of a once important castle stand. This castle is mentioned in the play Richard II by William Shakespeare .
Hylands House and Gardens, not far west of town, was abandoned for a long time but has now been reconstructed. It is open to the public and has become the location of a popular music festival in recent years. The 21st World Scout Jamboree also took place in Hylands Park in summer 2007 .
The former Palace of Beaulieu is nearby.
Twin cities
sons and daughters of the town
- Anne Knight (1786–1862), social reformer and feminist
- Florence Attridge (1901–1975), head of a women's team at the Marconi New Street Works radio factory
- Hazell Dean (* 1952), singer, songwriter and music producer
- Steve Blame (* 1959), British-German television presenter and film producer
- Najma Akhtar (* 1962), jazz singer
- Sarah Cracknell (* 1967), front singer in the British band Saint Etienne
- Simon Dolan (* 1969), entrepreneur and racing car driver
- Martin Hathaway (* 1969), jazz musician
- Guthrie Govan (* 1971), guitarist
- Thomas Jenkinson (* 1975), musician
- Richard Westbrook (* 1975), racing car driver
- Tom Payne (born 1982), actor
- Stuart Hall (* 1984), racing car driver
- Harry Judd (born 1985), drummer
- Gus Kenworthy (* 1991), freestyle skier
- Josh Webster (* 1994), racing car driver
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Diamond Jubilee: Chelmsford to become city. BBC News March 14, 2012
- ↑ The Bethel family in Great Britain moves to their new home in Chelmsford. In: JW.org. Jehovah's Witnesses, January 16, 2020, accessed February 26, 2020 .