Veils
Veils | ||||||||||||
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![]() Bitter mucous head ( Cortinarius infractus ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Cortinarius | ||||||||||||
( Pers. ) Gray (orth. Cons.) |
The veils ( Cortinarius ) are a very species-rich genus in the veil relatives family . Mycologists also use the term cortinariums to denote this genus. The scientific name Cortinarius is derived from the Latin Cortina , which translates as "veil". The latter is a very fine velum formed from cobweb-like fibers between the edge of the hat and the stem, which is why the genus is also called hair veils . The Cortina is a characteristic feature, but also occurs in some other genera.
There are around 500 species in Central Europe and more than 2,000 species are differentiated worldwide.
features
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cortinarius_varius_01.jpg/220px-Cortinarius_varius_01.jpg)
Macroscopic features
The fruit bodies are very variable in shape and size. They are thin to thick and very small (less than 1 cm) to very large (over 20 cm). The hat is either domed, bell-shaped, or conical in shape. There are almost all hat colors represented by the mushrooms. The hat skin is membranous, slimy, fibrous and tomentose, scaly or bald. A cobweb-like veil stretches from the handle to the edge of the hat, which usually remains as a fibrous residue on the handle after the hat has been exposed. The stem has a very delicate and thin to very thick shape, is slimy or dry, has or not has any remains of velum and is bare to fibrous in structure. The meat is mild, bitter or spicy. The lamellas are usually bulged, but also wide to arched on the stem. The color of fully grown specimens is rust-brown due to the spore powder, in immature mushrooms the spectrum ranges from almost whitish to vividly colored to dark rust-brown or purple.
Microscopic features
The round, elliptical, spindle-shaped to almond or lemon-shaped and different sized spores always have a rust-brown color. They have warty ornamentation and are rarely almost smooth. The presence of cystids as well as their shape and size are also decisive for determination.
Ecology and phenology
Without exception, veils are mycorrhizal fungi . They grow in the forest or under trees and fructify on the ground. The majority of the species appear from late summer to late autumn.
meaning
According to the Swiss regulation on edible mushrooms, the barn owl ( C. praestans ) is the only marketable edible mushroom of the genus Cortinarius . However, some other types are also considered edible. Since the determination - especially for laypeople - is very difficult in this species-rich genus, veils cannot generally be recommended for consumption.
In addition to numerous inedible and poisonous species, there are also very dangerous poisonous mushrooms: the orange-foxed rocky head ( C. orellanus ) and the pointed-hunched rocky head ( C. rubellus , syn. C. speciosissimus ) cause the orellanus syndrome . The urinary ducts of the kidneys are destroyed, which, if left untreated, leads to organ failure. The beautiful yellow clubfoot ( C. splendens ) contains another, as yet unknown, strong kidney toxin.
Systematics
The genus of the Schleierlinge comprises several hundred species in Central Europe in - depending on the author - six to nine subgenera. Very many species can only be determined by specialists with the help of microscopic features and chemical color reactions. The sub-categories are largely based on Bon (1988):
- Veils in the narrower sense ( Cortinarius )
- Skin heads ( dermocybe )
- Rock heads ( Leprocybe )
- Mucous feet ( Myxacium )
- Mucous heads ( Phlegmacium ), including club feet ( Bulbopodium )
- Thick feet ( sericeocybe )
- Belt feet ( Telamonia ), including water heads ( Hydrocybe )
literature
- Marcel Bon: Parey's book of mushrooms . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-09970-4 (Original title: The mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer, 362 pages; over 1500 mushrooms in Europe).
Web links
- Ünal Bussaglia: genus Cortinarius (Fr.) (hair veils). (PDF, 193 kB) Archived from the original on October 13, 2007 ; Retrieved April 2, 2013 .
- Switzerland: Ordinance of the FDHA of 26 June 1995 on edible mushrooms (Mushrooms Ordinance, VSp)
- Kuo, M. (2005, January). The genus Cortinarius. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com website