Japanese cotoneaster

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Japanese cotoneaster
Cotonéaster horizontal.JPG

Japanese cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster horizontalis )

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Spiraeoideae
Tribe : Pyreae
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Medlars ( Cotoneaster )
Type : Japanese cotoneaster
Scientific name
Cotoneaster horizontalis
Decne.

The common loquat , known in Austria and Switzerland as the common loquat ( Cotoneaster horizontalis ), is a shrub usually up to 50 centimeters high with bright red fruits from the pome fruit family (Pyrinae). The natural range of the species is in China, Taiwan and Nepal, in Europe, Australia and North America it was naturalized. It is very often used as an ornamental plant.

description

Leaves and flowers

The Japanese coton loquat is a deciduous or winter green, usually 50 centimeters and up to 1 meter high, prostrate shrub with rising to horizontally spreading branches. The twigs are arranged like a herringbone, black-brown, stalk-round, initially curly haired and later balding. The leaves are arranged in two rows. The petiole is 1 to 3 millimeters long and hairy downy. The stipules are brown, sub-like or lanceolate, 2 to 4 millimeters long and finely hairy. The leaf blade is simple, broadly elliptical or rounded, rarely obovate, 6 to 14 millimeters long and 4 to 9 millimeters wide, usually pointed and with a wedge-shaped base. The upper side of the leaf is shiny dark green, glabrous with more or less sunken leaf veins ; the underside is lighter, curly haired with a protruding central vein.

The flowers grow individually or in twos sitting or on short flower stalks and have a diameter of 5 to 7 millimeters. The flower cup is bell-shaped and sparsely hairy on the outside. The sepals are triangular, pointed, 1 to 1.5 millimeters long and 1 to 2 millimeters wide. The petals are erect, pink, reddish or whitish, 3 to 4 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide, with a blunt tip and a short nailed base. The approximately 12 stamens are shorter than the petals. The tip of the ovary is finely haired. The rarely two usually three free-standing styles are shorter than the stamens. The light red, round or elliptical fruits have a diameter of rarely 3, usually 5 to 7 millimeters. Two, usually three, pips are rarely formed per fruit. The common cotoneaster flowers in May and June, the fruits ripen from September to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 68 or 51.

Occurrence and location requirements

The natural range is in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Guizhou , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Shaanxi , Sichuan , Xizang , Yunnan and Zhejiang , in Taiwan and Nepal. It was naturalized in Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Washington in the United States, and southwestern Canada. The coton coton grows in cool, moist forests and shrub areas at 1,500 to 3,500 meters above sea level on dry to fresh, slightly acidic to strongly alkaline, sandy, sandy or loamy-humic, poorly nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light-shady locations. The species is usually frost hardy .

Systematics

The Cotoneaster horizontalis ( Cotoneaster horizontalis ) is a kind of the genus of cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster ). It is in the family of the rose family (Rosaceae) of the subfamily spiraeoideae, tribes of the subtribe Pyreae maloideae assigned (Pyrinae). The species was first scientifically described by Joseph Decaisne in 1879 . The generic name Cotoneaster is derived from the Latin "cotoneum malum" for the quince ( Cydonia oblonga ). The ending "aster" is a coarse form for groups of plants that are considered inferior in comparison to similar groups. The specific epithet horizontalis also comes from Latin and means "horizontal" and thus refers to the prostrate growth of the species.

There are two varieties :

  • Cotoneaster horizontalis var. Horizontalis with 6 to 14 millimeters long leaf blades. The fruits are round, have a diameter of 5 to 7 millimeters and usually three, rarely two kernels. The variety grows at an altitude of 2000 to 3500 meters.
  • Cotoneaster horizontalis var. Perpusillus C. K. Schneider with 6 to 8 millimeters long leaf blades. The fruits are elliptical, 5 to 6 millimeters long and 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter and usually three, rarely two cores. The variety grows at an altitude of 1500 to 2500 meters.

use

The Japanese cotoneaster is very often used as an ornamental wood because of its remarkable fruits and the striking autumn color . It also serves as a bee pasture.

proof

literature

  • Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 105-106 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 231.
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 440 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 543.
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 231 and according to Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 440
  2. ^ German name after Fischer, Oswald, Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , p. 543.
  3. ↑ a b c d Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster horizontalis , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 105 (English).
  4. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 231
  5. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 501.
  6. ↑ a b Cotoneaster horizontalis. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed April 30, 2012 .
  7. ↑ D. Potter, T. Eriksson, RC Evans, S. Oh, JEE Smedmark, DR Morgan, M. Kerr, KR Robertson, M. Arsenault, TA Dickinson, CS Campbell: Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae . Plant Systematics and Evolution, Volume 266, 2007, pp. 5-43. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-007-0539-9
  8. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 181
  9. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 293
  10. ↑ Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster horizontalis var. Horizontalis , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 106 (English).
  11. ↑ Zhi-Yun Zhang, Hongda Zhang, Peter K. Endress: Cotoneaster horizontalis var. Perpusillus , in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 106 (English).

Web links

Commons : Cotoneaster horizontalis  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Cotoneaster horizontalis. In: The Plant List. Retrieved April 30, 2012 .