Queen Carola Bay
| Queen Carola Bay | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| Mining technology | Longwall mining | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Zauckerode Royal Coal Works | ||
| Start of operation | 1872 | ||
| End of operation | 1959 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Mightiness | 4.80 m | ||
| Greatest depth | 414.80 | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 0 '15.6 " N , 13 ° 38' 27.5" E | ||
|
|||
| Location | Döhlen | ||
| local community | Freital | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains. | ||
| country | Free State of Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Queen Carola Bay (from 1948: Paul Berndt-pit ) was a coal mine of the Royal coal plant Zauckerode . The double shaft system was located in the western part of the hard coal deposit of the Döhlen Basin on the Döhlener Flur.
The shaft bore the name of the last Queen of Saxony, Carola, Princess of Wasa .
prehistory
In 1846, the factor Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Lindig expressed his first thoughts on the construction of a new shaft to replace the Döhlen art shaft. For this purpose, two test shafts were sunk in the meadow of the Kammergut Döhlen in 1851. After Lindig's death on March 4, 1852, the project was postponed. Friedrich Schmiedel was his successor. On July 12, 1854, he submitted a report to the Royal Treasury. In this area he favored the sinking of three shafts to open up the field to the south. In addition to the Döhlener Kunstschacht, these were to replace the Oppelschacht in 1871 and the Albertschacht in 1873 . On July 28, 1856, the Ministry of Finance approved the plan to deepen the first shaft in the spring of 1857. In the meantime, the plan to dig a single shaft had been abandoned in favor of a double-shaft system. The Ministry of Finance approved this plan on July 3, 1858. A mining and driving shaft as well as an artificial and wooden hanging shaft were now to be sunk. The mine was to be built in the Weißeritztal, directly on the newly built Albertsbahn .
On September 1, 1859, work began on the first shaft in the area of what is now Döhlener Gewerbering in Freital. Even after a depth of 5.65 meters, the amount of added water was 13 to 16 m 3 / h. As a result, the sinking work was stopped at the end of September 1859. After setting up a steam locomotive to raise the water, work was resumed. But this measure was not enough either, so that work was stopped again in December 1859. After the installation of a steam engine by Richard Hartmann, Chemnitz, for extraction and dewatering, work was resumed in April 1860. Since no solid rock was reached after a depth of 16.80 meters, a borehole was sunk on July 12, 1860. But even at a depth of 95.70 meters below the edge of the lawn, no solid rock was reached. The water access had meanwhile increased to 56 m 3 / h. As a result, work on this shaft was abandoned. A second attempt was made at a distance of 210 meters, around today's Langen Rain. In April 1861 they reached a depth of 40.80 meters. Here, too, the further depth was examined with a borehole. But even after a further 41 meters, no solid mountains were reached. Thereupon the work was stopped. A proposal was submitted to the Ministry of Finance to sink the Döhlener Kunstschacht up to the 7th main line in order to develop the southern field. The ministry approved this proposal on September 16, 1863. The two shafts were filled and the steam engine was sold.
On April 26, 1869, the Ministry of Finance submitted the proposal for the depth of a round shaft with the help of cast-iron tubbings as it was used in Leimbach for the depth of free life shafts I and II. After the inspection of the sinking by the Bergrat Friedrich Schmiedel, he submitted a report to the Ministry of Finance on October 27, 1871, in which he expressed concerns about this variant. He resigned on October 31, 1871. Bernhard Rudolf Förster took over his position on November 1st .
Förster rejected Schmiedel's plan to sink 3 new shafts. He divided the southern field into 2 fields. A new shaft should be sunk in each field. The Döhlen area had priority, as the further depth of the Döhlen art shaft had not been implemented. The second mine was to be sunk later in the Saalhausen area. On May 22, 1872, the Treasury Department approved this plan.
history
Queen Carola Shaft 1 and 2
The Königliche Steinkohlenwerk Zauckerode began on June 3, 1872 with the first groundbreaking the deepening of the at 213.86 m above sea level. NN chipped shaft I. At the same time, the construction of the civil servants' residence, the mining forge , as well as the boiler house and the machine system began. At the end of the year, a depth of 51 meters was reached.
On February 15, an old single-cylinder balancing steam engine for conveying and dewatering went into operation. The depth reached 192 meters. The water inflow was between 8.6 and 19.7 m 3 per day.
On April 22, 1874, at a depth of 268.80 meters, the first seam with a thickness of 4.80 meters was reached. At 278.70 meters, the second seam with a thickness of 0.40 meters and the third seam with a thickness of 1.10 meters at 285.50 meters were intersected. Sinking ceased at 286.80 meters. The filling point of the 6th main line was posted at a depth of 257.95 meters and that of the 8th main line at a depth of 286.44 meters. On May 30, 1874, the shaft was christened Queen Carola shaft with the permission of King Albert of Saxony . After the iron pulley chair had been built and the twin hoisting machine supplied by Wilhelmshütte Sprottau, the lining of the shaft began in August 1874. The bolt-shot timbering built in during the sinking was replaced by a 0.37 meter thick brick lining. On June 26, 1874, the 227.60 meter long Bremsberg 32 was cut through from the 5th main line of the Döhlen art shaft to the 6th main line of the Königin-Carola-Shaft. It was used to transport the coal from the Kunstschächter Revier to Shaft I and bring it to the Döhlen laundry.
In 1875 the lining of the shaft was completed and the filling points expanded. A waterway was excavated at a depth of 80 meters and a dewatering machine was installed.
In 1876 the 480-meter-long Bremsberg, which connects the mine with the Döhlen laundry, was completed. In July 1876, the shaft started production. In the autumn of 1876, the team roped up on a trial basis . However, it was limited to the early morning and noon shifts. The general team rope ride was only introduced after 1881. In 1876, at a distance of 75 meters southwest of shaft I, the depth of shaft II began. At a depth of 25 meters, the deepening had to be stopped due to strong water access. The problem was solved by drilling into the water section of Shaft I and the shaft depth reached 115.60 meters by the end of the year. Initially, it was conveyed with a steam reel, later with the old hoisting machine that was broken off at the Albert shaft.
In 1877 the depth of shaft II was interrupted at 132 meters and the shaft was bricked up to a depth of 124 meters by the turf hanging bank due to the pressure of the mountains . In the course of this, a weather section was separated 80 meters underground and brought to the surface separately. At the end of the year, a depth of 187.80 meters was reached. A dewatering machine from the Saxon machine works in Chemnitz was installed in the deepest of Shaft I.
In 1878 the depth of shaft II reached 261 meters and the shaft tube was bricked along its entire length.
In 1879 the shaft reached the level of the 8th main line. The filling point was struck and a crosscut to shaft I was driven. On April 15, 1879, the brickwork was completed and the keystone was set in a ceremony. The coal seams were not encountered because the shaft is in the Carolaschacht fault with a jump height of 16 meters and a fault width of 40 meters.
In 1880 a telephone connection was established between the Döhlener laundry, the hanging bank of shaft I, and the head station of Bremsberg 32, the main extraction point of the area. In 1881 the hoisting machine of shaft II went into operation and the team experience was taken up.
In 1886, Shaft I was sunk by 48 meters from the 8th to the 10th main route and the lining started. In 1887 the filling point was made at 334.35 meters. In the depth, four further seams were drilled up to 314 meters, but their assignment is not certain. In 1893, shaft II was also sunk to the 10th main line.
In October 1895 a wash house (“team shower bath ”) was set up for the miners . This important social institution was the first in a coal mine in the Döhlen basin.
The Queen-Carola-Schacht was also affected by the Weißeritz flood on 30./31. Affected July 1897. For safety reasons, the workforce left at 6 p.m. on July 30; The pit horses were also brought up for days. On July 31, at 1.30 a.m., the 10th main line, which was still being drifted, and the machine room for the pumps located there, were flooded by the water penetrating through the Döhlen weather shaft . The pumps then failed. 3:00 broke the Ernst-haul one. This leads as the 58th lower mountain route to the 10th main route. The penetrating water masses flooded the 9th and 8th main line. On July 31, around 8 a.m., the flood had drained off. The water level on the 8th main line was now 2.13 meters above the bottom at Shaft II. The dewatering located here had also failed. On the afternoon of July 31st, the lifting of the water began in both shafts with the Hunten on the conveyor racks. The conveyor racks were hung in the shaft so far that the dogs filled up on their own. Between August 1st and August 9th, 10,000 m 3 of water were pumped. On August 8th, the drainage on the 8th main line was free again and was put into operation. On August 16, the mining operations were resumed above the 8th main line. On August 25, the 8th main line was completely restored. In order to lift the water out of the deeper structures, a steam pump was hung in Shaft I on August 31, which was lowered piece by piece as the water level fell. At the end of December 1897, the 10th main line was again free of water. Between July 31 and December 31, 1897, 90,000 m 3 of water were lifted. Since the 50th and 58th lower mountain routes, which acted as weather routes to the Döhlen weather shaft, were completely destroyed by the water, they had to be abandoned. This meant that the Döhlen weather shaft could no longer be used as a weather shaft. The re-commissioned Mehnerschacht took over its task . At the end of 1898, the flood damage in the mine building had been repaired.
During the excavation in the 4 meter thick 1st seam above the 8th main line in the mining location 156 on November 19, 1901, an approx. 1 m 2 stone slab broke from the roof. Reviersteiger Hermann Emil Erler discovered six well-preserved dinosaur skeletons of the species Pantelosaurus saxonicus on the broken plate . In order to also recover the other half of the fossils, a 1.0 × 1.3 meter and 0.4 meter thick plate was recovered from the roof under the guidance of the surveyor August Robert Hausse. The fossils come from a layer of green claystone 8 cm thick at this point. Because of this, the miners called it the “Green Shell”.
From 1903, shaft I was sunk further. In 1905 the depth reached the level of the 13th main line. At Shaft I, the filling point was attached at 409.24 meters, the shaft was lined and the sump was excavated. The shaft had thus reached its final depth of 414.80 meters. In 1906 the filling site was bricked up and a cross passage to shaft II and from there driven further south in order to align the first seam .
In 1907 Siemens & Schuckert built an electricity company. The low-pressure steam boilers were replaced by high-pressure steam boilers. The 160 kW generator was driven by a steam engine from the Görlitzer Maschinenbauanstalt und Eisengießerei AG with an output of 225 hp. The steam pumps on the 80-meter section were replaced by an electric pump and the 13th main section also received an electric pump for dewatering. The main drainage system was moved from the 8th to the 10th main line and an electric pump was installed here. The filling point of the 10th main line was equipped with electrical lighting.
In 1909 the power of the electrical system was increased to 280 kW with a three-phase generator supplied by Siemens and Schuckert.
In December 1910, the cross passage started in 1906 on the 13th main line reached the 1st seam. An overcut was driven from the cross passage into the deepest of Shaft II.
In 1911, the steam-powered machine on the wooden hanging belt in Shaft I was replaced by an electric machine. The machine was supplied by the Friedrich Schmiedel machine and engine factory from Niederwürschnitz . Siemens & Schuckert supplied the electrical parts of the machine. An electric chain conveyor was installed between the 10th and 11th main line. The first 10 mining sites received electrical lighting.
In 1913, the filling point of the 13th main line and the shaft tube between the 13th and 10th main line were expanded with concrete at Shaft II. With the swamp, the shaft was now 414.80 meters deep. The shaft was provided with a 175-meter-long electrically operated chain conveyor to the dump for bulk conveyance.
In 1914, the conversion of the shaft conveyor at shaft II was completed. The shaft had received a 20 meter high wrought iron pulley chair. The steam winder was demolished and an electric winder installed. The winding machine supplied the machine and engine factory Friedrich Schmiedel from Niederwürschnitz. The machine had two cable drums with a diameter of 4000 mm and a width of 1560 mm. 4 were conveyed on a two-level conveyor frame Hunte . Siemens & Schuckert supplied the electrical parts of the machine. The machine was driven by a direct current shunt motor with Leonard circuit with an output of 240 HP. To operate the machine, the power plant in the shaft was reinforced with a turbo generator with an output of 800 kW.
After the new high-performance conveyor system went into operation, the underground transport had to be modernized. For this purpose, 2 catenary locomotives were bought from Siemens in 1915 and the main cross passage on the 13th main line was expanded to two lanes with rails and catenary. The 900 meter long eastern line was expanded to a single track. The 1,600-meter-long western route could not yet be expanded due to the bottlenecks caused by the war.
In 1916, personnel transport in specially designed wagons was introduced on the 13th main cross passage. 5 cars were used, each of which could carry 8 people in 2 compartments. A third catenary locomotive was procured from Siemens for this purpose.
With the expansion of the rail network on the 13th main line, the 4th locomotive was procured from Siemens in 1919. Between the 13th and 16th main line, a mountain chain with a gradient of 12 ° was driven.
On August 9, 1920, the electric chain conveyor was put into operation between the 13th and 16th main line. The 5th locomotive was procured from Siemens in order to cope with the increased mass transport.
In 1921, the shaft's power plant was expanded to include a turbo generator supplied by AEG with an output of 1200 kW.
With the law of January 30, 1924, the Zauckerode coal works were transferred retrospectively to April 1, 1923 to the state corporation Aktiengesellschaft Sächsische Werke (ASW) under the name Steinkohlenwerk Freital . The chief miner A. Wolf rationalized the operation. All uneconomical mining sites were discontinued. The workforce was almost halved between 1924 and 1928, while coal output remained almost the same. Young miners in particular were moved to the Hirschfelde, Böhlen and Espenhain lignite mines.
To expand the dump, the chain lift was dismantled in 1924 and a cable car from the company Adolf Bleichert & Co. from Schkeuditz was built.
In order to improve the production between the 13th and 16th main line, a blind shaft was sunk between the two levels in 1925 . This shaft had already been planned in 1917, but the execution had to be suspended due to the war. With the extension of the electrified conveyor line on the 13th main line, another locomotive was procured. 15 cars for 120 people were now used in passenger transport.
In 1926, horse transport on the 15th and 16th main lines was replaced by the introduction of locomotive transport. The route length was 500 meters on the 15th main line and 450 meters on the 16th main line. The 7th locomotive was bought for this purpose.
In 1928 the blind shaft was put into operation. It was equipped with an electric drum carrier. The cable drums had a diameter of 2500 mm and a width of 600 mm. A one-tier conveyor frame for 2 dogs was used. Team experience was also allowed. The crew transport was therefore extended from shaft II to the blind shaft. The operation of the chain mountain between the 15th and 16th main line was discontinued. The 8th locomotive was acquired for use on the 17th main line. However, the use did not begin until 1930. But it was not used.
In 1931 the breakthrough of the cross passage took place on the 15th main line in the field of the König-Georg-Schachtes .
In 1933 locomotive operation on the ½15 began. Main line introduced and the 9th locomotive bought from Siemens. With a track length of 4100 meters, the locomotive operation reached its greatest expansion
After the existing supplies had been dismantled, the blind shaft was discarded in 1934. The blind shaft hoisting machine was used as a hoisting machine at Lichtloch 21 Tiefer Weißeritzstolln from 1938 . Between the 13th and ½15. An electric chain conveyor was set up on the main line. The locomotive operation on the 14th and 16th main line was discontinued.
In 1935, in order to develop a remaining field on the 8th main line, mining and rope access in shaft I was resumed.
In 1937 the dismantling of the shaft safety pier began. After the exploitation of the recoverable coal reserves, the mining operations should be stopped. However, due to the self-sufficiency in the supply of raw materials, which was declared the goal of the four-year plan in 1936 , mining operations were maintained. After the concentration of the company on the Königin-Carola-Schacht the König-Georg-Schacht became superfluous and the operation was stopped in March 1937. This made the Königin-Carola-Schacht with the Niederhermsdorf mine opened in 1935 the last producing hard coal mine in the Döhlen Basin.
In January 1938, the plan to resume mining below the 17th main line was made. The recoverable reserves in the mining area only lasted for 1.5 years. The dismantling below the 17th main line was stopped in 1932 for cost reasons. The deep soles should be accessed by a mountain chain. The starting point for this was the 13th main line. Three years were estimated for the exploration work. The dismantling of the shaft safety pier in 1938 caused damage to the shaft tube of shaft II at depths of 64 and 94 meters. The production was stopped in April 1938 and the shaft tube was filled in from the 6th main line due to the severe damage. In the same year the shaft was cleared and expanded with bolt-shot timber. The work was stopped when the 5th main line was reached at the end of the year. A complete repair of the shaft was abandoned. A 92-meter-long weather cover was excavated between the 5th and 6th main route to ensure that the weather was safe.
Since the old hoisting machine of shaft I was not up to the requirements, the ropes of the hoisting machine of shaft II were placed on the sheaves of shaft I via roller frames. Shaft I was using the hoisting machine of Shaft II. The excavation of 2 fall sections (Kettenberg and driving section) with a length of 1000 meters from the 13th to the 17th main section, which began in 1938 and was discontinued due to the shaft break, was carried out on 5 May Continued in 1939. After the last tapped reserves had been depleted, coal production from the shaft fell from 6150 t in August 1939 to 921 t in July 1940. In August 1940, the first coal was extracted while driving the fall sites.
In May 1941 the fall sites reached the 17th main line after 978 meters and the excavations in the seam were started. The Kettenberg was driven further in the direction of the 18th main line.
On September 14, 1942, the excavation of the Kettenberg at the level of the 18th main line with a length of 1323.60 meters was stopped because the seam was blocked.
In July 1943, the fall section 146 at −323.50 meters, 9.50 meters below the 18th main section, reached the deepest point of the trough.
Despite steadily decreasing stocks and the consequent unprofitability, the mine remained in operation during the Second World War . The number of employees fell from 959 in 1935 to 640 in 1944. In the same period, the production decreased from 201,181 t to 116,000 t per year. Remaining and peripheral areas were prepared that were previously classified as unworthy of building or unprofitable.
After the end of the Second World War, mining operations continued seamlessly. The systems were not dismantled. The greatest obstacle was the lack of labor. These were attracted by high food rations, special allotments and allowances for alcohol, cigarettes and coals. In August 1945, production reached 3700 tons of coal with 668 employees. Even before the liquidation of the Sächsische Werke Aktiengesellschaft on March 11, 1947, the factory was subordinated to the coal industry I Steinkohle as the Freital coal plant from June 1, 1946.
In September 1945 the decision was made to examine the limits of building worthiness to the east and west on the deep levels. On the 17th main section, a double investigation section was driven to the south-east in the strike of the seam. It was set with an approach length of approx. 1600 meters. In the area of the Freital-Hainsberg train station, they had driven under the Weißeritz in a south-easterly direction and driven the distance 200 meters forward. In a south-westerly direction, one drove up the steep slope 150 from the depths of the trough. While the increase in supplies to the west was minimal, supplies could still be set up in the east field.
On October 20, 1948, the hunter Paul Berndt drove a "high-performance shift" based on the model of Adolf Hennecke , in which he exceeded the norm by 548 percent. In honor of Paul Berndt, the mine was henceforth called "Paul-Berndt-Grube".
In 1951, mining began in a field west of the König-Georg-Schacht between the 12th and 13th main line. The mining was stopped here in 1937 due to the unworthiness of the coal. In that year, the Kaiserschacht field was also approached with the 13th main line and prepared up to 50 meters in front of the old excavations. A battery locomotive was used as a means of transport from 1955. The 1st seam was mined in all parts of the field to the limit of construction worthiness of 0.60 meters.
In 1953, mining was stopped on the Deep Levels below the 13th main line.
After the total exhaustion of recoverable supplies, the mining was stopped in October 1958 in the Kaiserschachtfeld and at the end of 1958 in the field of the König-Georg-Schacht. From November 1958 the dismantling of two remaining pillars on the Kettenberg between the 12th and 13th main line began.
On June 22, 1959, the last hunt coal was mined, with which the coal mining on the left of the Weißeritz came to an end. Today, the hunt belongs to the house of Heimat Freital as a museum exhibit . After the technology was expanded, the shafts were filled by the end of 1959.
A large part of the daytime facilities has been preserved to this day in a modified form. Shaft 1's greenhouse was demolished in 1997. The weather vane could be recovered from the tower top and today in the Otto Lilienthal Museum reminds of the attempts by Otto and Gustav Lilienthal to test and invent cutting machines , which came through this shaft from 1876 to 1878.
The abandoned heap of the shaft caught fire around 1960 due to spontaneous combustion. The fire inside the heap led to the formation of fire minerals, of which above all the ammonia crystals of up to one centimeter are known. In 2014 the dump was flattened for over two million euros and provided with a rainwater retention basin. A fire triggered by renewed spontaneous combustion on February 27, 2014, which could only be extinguished with great difficulty, was spectacular.
Weather shaft
The Royal Coal Works sunk the weather shaft in 1877 at 213.86 m above sea level. It was located about 20 meters northwest of the production shaft. The weather shaft is connected to shaft II at a depth of 80 meters. Up to the 6th main line at a depth of 169 meters, it was continued as a separate weather run of Shaft II.
A Guibal fan with a diameter of seven meters and a width of 1.80 meters was installed as a pit fan. It had an output of 800 m 3 / min.
In September 1905 the old fan was replaced by a Pelzer fan with a diameter of 2.55 meters and an output of 1500 m 3 / min. The old fan remained as a reserve. In 1920 the fan was converted from a steam drive to an electric drive. A three-phase motor with an output of 85 kW was installed as a drive.
In 1923 the Guibal fan was broken off and a fan from Siemens & Schuckert with an output of 1800 m 3 / min was installed. The fan was driven by a three-phase motor with an output of 169 kW. The Pelzer fan was retained as a replacement.
In 1926 the existing Pelzer fan was replaced by a new Pelzer fan with an output of 1250 m 3 / min.
After the backfilling of shaft II and the weather section in the shaft between 192.60 and 274.26 meters in 1939, the weather was fed to the shaft over a 92 meter long overburden from the 6th to the 5th main section. To this end, the shaft wall was breached at a depth of 192.60 meters and the overburden was connected to the shaft.
In 1953, the Pelzer fan was put into permanent operation to increase the amount of weather.
After mining stopped, the weather shaft was backfilled in August / September 1959.
Döhlen laundry
The mechanical processing “Döhlener wash”, which went into operation in 1875, was part of the mine. A 480 meter long brake mountain connected the shafts above ground with the processing plant. It had a short siding on the Dresden – Werdau railway line .
The Döhlen laundry was finally taken out of service in 1959/60 due to total wear and tear. After the facilities were demolished, the vacuum steelworks of the Freital stainless steel plant were built on the site of the Döhlen laundry in the 1960s . The washing of the Rudolf-Breitscheid-Schacht in Hohndorf took care of the processing of the coal mined in Gittersee .
literature
- Eberhard Gürtler, Klaus Gürtler: The hard coal mining in the Döhlen basin. Part 2: shafts on the left of the Weißeritz. House of Homeland Freital, 1984.
Individual evidence
- ^ Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie / Sächsisches Oberbergamt (ed.): The Döhlener basin near Dresden. Geology and Mining (= mining in Saxony . Volume 12 ). Freiberg 2007, ISBN 3-9811421-0-1 , p. 209 .
- ↑ Frederik Spindler: Saxons Saurier - ancestors of the mammals. (PDF).
- ↑ Data of the steam engine
- ↑ Königliche Steinkohlenwerke Zauckerode / Queen Carola Schacht (ensemble). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the database MontE of the TU Freiberg
- ↑ Saugrund Freital. ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 530 kB) In: Sächsische Zeitung. November 13, 2013.
- ↑ Queen Carolaschacht. at mineralienatlas.de
- ^ Thomas Witzke : Freital - mineral formations at Haldenbrand. In: www.strahl.org. Retrieved May 27, 2017 .
