DB class E 410
| DB class E 410 DB class 184 |
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|---|---|
 184 003 at an exhibition in September 2007 in Fürth
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| Numbering: | E 410 001–003, E 410 011–012 from 1968: 184 001–003, 184 111–112 |
| Number: | 5 |
| Manufacturer: |
Krupp , AEG : E 410 001–003 Krupp, BBC : E 410 011–012 |
| Year of construction (s): | 1965 |
| Axis formula : | Bo'Bo ' |
| Length over buffers: | 16,950 mm |
| Service mass: | 84 t |
| Top speed: | 150 km / h |
| Continuous output : | 3000 kW |
| Power system : | 15 kV 16⅔ Hz ~ 25 kV 50 Hz ~ 1.5 kV = 3 kV = |
| Number of traction motors: | 4th |
| Type of speed switch: | Infinitely variable traction control via thyristor converter with phase control as well as five-stage fine cam switch for field weakening |
| Brake: | Compressed air brake, electrical resistance brake |
The class E 410 includes five multi-system locomotives of the Deutsche Bundesbahn , which were intended for cross-border traffic to France, Belgium and Luxembourg. They had the equipment to operate under several different overhead line voltages and therefore originally had four pantographs as a characteristic feature. From 1968, the Federal Railroad classified the locomotives under the class 184 .
Emergence
The early decades of the Bundesbahn were marked by the accelerated electrification of the rail network, which also reached Saarland in the early 1960s. The cross-border rail traffic with electric locomotives, however, encountered obstacles due to the different overhead line voltages in France and the Benelux countries, so that time-consuming and labor-intensive locomotive changes in the border stations were necessary.
For this reason, the Federal Railroad awarded the contract to AEG , BBC and Krupp in 1964 to develop a locomotive that could draw its traction current from different systems. It was decided to first develop a locomotive for four systems. It should be suitable for the German (15 kV 16.7 Hz) and French (25 kV 50 Hz) alternating current systems as well as for the Belgian and French direct current (3 and 1.5 kV). The result of the development were the five machines of the class E 410. The four dual-system locomotives of the class E 310 (later: class 181) were later derived from this.
technology
The Bo'Bo ' wheel arrangement shows that the locomotives have two bogies with a total of four traction motors and thus four driven axles. The power is transmitted by means of a rubber ring cardan drive . For the first time, bogies with lemniscate linkage were used for better cornering. Since the 184 series was to be operated with both AC and DC current, mixed current motors were required. The solution was found in externally ventilated six-pole motors for voltages up to 1500 V.
State-of-the-art technology was not only used here at the time, the mixed-current motors also made special demands on the control and converter electronics : thyristors had to be installed to enable infinitely variable phase control . Mechanical derailleurs were no longer necessary and, together with the good frictional connection between rail and wheel, an equally good controllability of speed and tractive force was achieved.
The locomotives had different design features. While BBC used high-voltage commutator motors that were controlled in direct current operation with conventional electropneumatic contactors , AEG used high-voltage thyristor inverters directly connected to the direct current overhead contact line. The chopped up direct current reached the traction motors via the transformer. This as yet untested technology led to the failure of overused semiconductor components during operation.
In order to enable operation with the lower contact wire height in France, the height of the locomotive body was adapted to the French boundary profile . The almost 17-meter-long, 84-tonne locomotives can reach speeds of up to 150 km / h with continuous outputs of 3000 kilowatts.
The vehicle part consisted of a bridge frame with permanently installed driver's cabs, in between rubber-framed aluminum hoods with corrugated walls were screwed on. The box was supported on the bogie using Flexicoil coil springs . The locomotives were equipped with four newly developed single-arm pantographs SBS 66 with three-point attachment, which were equipped with four different rockers.
commitment
The four possible operating voltages quickly earned this series the nickname "European locomotive". The first scheduled deployments took place in front of express trains between Cologne and Liège in Belgium from the summer of 1969. The onward journey to Brussels – Oostende did not take place due to feared effects on the signaling system. The 184 were located in the Cologne-Deutzerfeld depot.
The thyristor converters with which the phase control was implemented nevertheless caused problems in the network of the Belgian state railways. This converter technology loads the feeding network with so-called " harmonics " and a high reactive power , which resulted in considerable disruptions in the Belgian security systems (track occupancy detectors). The BBC locomotives with their more modern equipment were particularly affected. In addition, there were frequent locomotive failures due to sudden strong voltage fluctuations in the Belgian direct current network. The use in the Belgian network was therefore ended on September 26, 1971. In the following, the locomotives were used in local traffic around Cologne, and in some cases they even came as far as Rheine on express trains. Because the locomotives were not used economically in this way, the Bundesbahn moved the machines to Saarbrücken in 1979 and shut down the systems for direct current operation, including the pantographs concerned.
Retirement
After the transfer to Saarbrücken, the locomotives were mainly used in cross-border traffic from Trier to Luxembourg and France as well as express train service throughout Saarland and the Palatinate until they were decommissioned . In 2002 these assignments ended because the deadline had expired.
Of the original five copies, two have survived:
- The 184 003 can be viewed in the DB Museum, branch of the Nuremberg Transport Museum in Koblenz-Lützel .
- The 184 112 is now an exhibit in the German Museum of Technology in Berlin . Since February 2019, the locomotive has been in the Europa Rundhaus of the Augsburg railway park .
literature
- The German multi-system locomotives. Eisenbahnkurier Special 77, EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2005, ISSN 0170-5288
