Dalheim (Luxembourg)
| coat of arms | map |
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| Basic data | |
| State : |
 Luxembourg
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| Coordinates : | 49 ° 33 ' N , 6 ° 16' E |
| Canton : | Remich |
| Residents : | 2325 (January 1, 2019) |
| Area : | 19 km² |
| Population density : | 122.5 inhabitants / km² |
| Municipality number: | 1202 |
| Website: | www.dalheim.lu |
| politics | |
| Mayor: | Joseph Heisbourg |
| Elective system : | Majority vote |
Dalheim ( Luxembourgish Duelem ) is a municipality in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and belongs to the canton of Remich .
Composition of the community
The municipality consists of the following localities:
- Dalheim
- Filsdorf
- Welfringen
The courtyards also belong to the municipality:
- Buchholzer Hof
- Heidscheuer Hof
- Reckinger Hof
geography
The municipality of Dalheim is located in the southeast of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and is surrounded by the municipalities of Contern , Waldbredimus , Bous , Schengen , Bad Mondorf , Frisingen and Weiler zum Turm .
It is located on the southern foothills of the Luxembourg sandstone area and the stone is still extracted today in a quarry near Altwies . A total of six sources arise in the district . The “Schlébaach” begins north of the village and flows over the “Aalbaach” into the Moselle . The "Hessléngerbaach", which rises south of Welfringen, and the "Grondbaach", which has its origin in Filsdorf, are also connected to the Moselle via intermediate streams.
history
Roman time
South of today's village of Dalheim, in the former tribal area of the Treveri , there was a Roman settlement, a so-called vicus , on the highest point of a plateau gently sloping towards the southwest . A large number of Celtic finds document a predecessor settlement from the late La Tène period on the plateau, which, however, has not yet been localized.
The Gallo-Roman vicus of Dalheim was built around 17 BC. As a stopover in connection with the construction of the via Agrippa , one of the most important highways of the Roman Empire, which ran from Lyon via Mâcon , Chalon-sur-Saône , Dijon , Langres , Toul , Metz , Dalheim , Trier through the Eifel to Cologne , led, founded. The place bore the name Ricciacum, which has been handed down several times on site and on the Tabula Peutingeriana . The settlement in the province of Gallia Belgica in the area of the civitas Treverorum experienced its heyday between the end of the 1st and the 3rd century AD. Despite the destruction during the Germanic invasions in the 2nd half of the 3rd century, there is continuous settlement of the place secured until the first half of the 5th century. Then the settlement was abandoned.
Ricciacum had impressive public buildings ( theater , thermal baths and temple district ), which gave it the appearance of a small Roman town. Some of these monuments can still be visited on site today
Middle Ages and Modern Times
Today's Dalheim, which extends in the valley between the "Pëtzel" plateau and the "Péiteschbierg", was founded in the second half of the 6th century by Franconian immigrants. The place called Dalheim , or “Das Heim im Tal”, was first mentioned in a document in 785/786. In the 10th century, the villages of Dalheim, Filsdorf and part of Welfringen came into the possession of the Abbey of Sankt Maximin in Trier through a donation , so that the actual manorial rule of the Dalheim dairy was in the hands of the abbey. The bailiffs appointed by the Abbot of Trier for the area around Dalheim were the Lords of Roussy . The villages of Dalheim, Filsdorf, Altwies and Welfringen belonged to their area of responsibility. Since 1495 the manor house has been leased for life, and from the end of the 16th century onwards, it was also leased for a limited period. This ended the self-management of the manor by the St. Maximin Abbey. Almost the entire village was destroyed during the Thirty Years War . Dalheim and the surrounding area were also affected in the subsequent Dutch War between 1672 and 1678. In 1680 the rule of Roussy was occupied by France and as a result Dalheim became French until 1769.
With the arrival of the French revolutionary troops in 1795, the Duchy of Luxembourg was annexed to France as the " Département des Forêts ". The Dalheim dairy became the “Commune de Dalheim” (Dalheim municipality), and Nicolas Amma was appointed as its first mayor. In 1797 the Civil Code was applied to Luxembourg, abolishing the old structures and replacing them with a uniform law. Dalheim was henceforth dependent on Remich . From 1814, after the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire, Dalheim belonged to the newly created Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , which was under Dutch rule.
Worth seeing
The Gallo-Roman vicus of Dalheim in "Pëtzel"
The remains of the Roman settlement can be viewed on the plateau north of today's village of Dalheim, directly on the Dreikantonstrasse (N13) from Filsdorf to Dalheim. The archaeological excavations of the Musée national d'histoire et d'art from 1977–1981 are illustrated here. The visible area includes some typical residential areas of such a settlement, so-called strip houses as well as part of the important Roman highway, the via Agrippa. In the front part of the strip houses were the shops and taverns that opened onto the street. In the rear area were the workshops and a small garden with a fountain.
The finds from the excavations are now in the Musée national d'histoire et d'art in Luxembourg City .
The Gallo-Roman theater
In the valley, immediately below the high plateau, lies the Gallo-Roman theater, the discovery of which dates back to 1985. It was almost completely investigated and exposed during several excavation campaigns between 1999 and 2007/2008.
The theater was built at the beginning of the 2nd century AD in a bulge in the rock created by a quarry . After several renovation phases, the rows of seats made of large stone blocks, 8 of which are still preserved today, were added towards the end of the 2nd century. The two front rows, distinguished by their backrests or armrests and backrests, are places of honor. It is even the only reliable proof of such honorary ranks in Gaul so far . At that time, the theater offered space for over 3,500 people before it was no longer used in its originally intended form at the end of the 3rd century as a venue and meeting place.
The thermal baths and the Fortuna altar
The public thermal baths, which are located in the center of Dalheim at the intersection between Hossegaass and Kettengaass, were discovered during exploratory excavations in 2003/2004 and examined in more detail in 2008 and 2009. Some rooms of the thermal baths, including the cold bath ( frigidarium ) and an outdoor area surrounded by a covered colonnade ( porticus ), were identified. The public baths were built at the end of the 1st or the beginning of the 2nd century. The bath was destroyed in a fire in the middle of the 4th century and was never rebuilt. From this layer of fire comes a consecration altar for the goddess Fortuna with an inscription from the middle of the 3rd century that mentions a repair of the porticus after a “barbarian attack” . This relief block is one of the most important finds from Dalheim, as it gives the name of the inhabitants of the place, the vicani Riccienses (inhabitants of Ricciacum ).
The thermal baths are now located under a small park and the wall structures were made visible through different planting.
In the adjacent building is now the Center régional de recherche archéologique Dalheim, whose tasks include the scientific processing of the vicus von Dalheim.
The eagle monument
To commemorate the excavations of the 19th century in the Roman settlement, the so-called Eagle Monument was erected on the northern edge of the plateau in 1855. The foundation stone was laid on May 28th in the presence of Wilhelm III. , King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg . Since then, "the eagle", as it is popularly known, has been Dalheim's symbol.
The 14 m high monument consists of a stepped, square base on which a square column also stands. This is crowned by mighty black cuboids, allegedly remains of the late antique burgus found nearby , above which an eagle sits on a ball with spread wings. At the behest of the German troops, the monument was blown up in 1940 in order not to be used as a reference point for the French projectiles. It was not rebuilt until 1956, after a year of restoration work.
The Church of Dalheim
The St. Peter and Paul Church in Dalheim, built in 1743, is located on the "Péiteschbierg" high above the village center. Above all, it impresses with its unique frescoes from the 2nd half of the 18th century, which were made by the Luxembourg painter Johann Georg Weiser on behalf of the Abbey of Sankt Maximin and form a way of the cross with 14 stations.
Like the eagle monument, the bell tower was blown up in 1940. The rest of the church suffered severe damage. It was not repaired until the 1950s.
The church of Filsdorf
The St. Antonius Church in Filsdorf dates from the 19th century. The magnificent stained glass on their windows were commissioned in 1893. In addition to the purely ornamentally decorated panes, the "Heart of Jesus" and the "Heart of Mary" windows are particularly impressive with their luminosity.
The chapel of Welfringen
The original St. Wendelin Chapel in Welfringen was built in 1721, but then demolished in 1928 due to old age and replaced in 1930 by a new chapel, which was planned by honorary state architect Jean-Pierre Knepper. The high altar from 1709, made by Nic Greeff-Roesdorf from Altwies with an essay by Nic Greef-Greisch from 1741, is particularly worth seeing .
literature
- Peter Henrich : The Gallo-Roman theater of Dalheim "Hossegronn" Luxembourg. Dossiers d'archéologie XV. Imprimerie Central SA, Luxembourg 2016, ISBN 978-2-87-985317-8 .
- Laure Juncker, Joseph Heisbourg, Joseph Mangerich (Red.): Ricciacus: 30 Joer Ricciacus Frënn Duelem 1977–2007. Imprimerie Central SA, Luxembourg 2007, p. 202, ill.
- Jean Krier: DEAE FORTUNAE OB SALUTEM IMPERI. Nouvelles inscriptions de Dalheim (Luxembourg) et la vie religieuse d'un vicus du nord-est de la Gaule à la veille de la tourmente du IIIe siècle. Gallia - Archeologie de la France antique 68.2, 2011. CNRS Éditions, Paris 2011, pp. 313-340, ill. ISBN 978-2-271-07269-6 .
- Jean Krier: The Gallo-Roman vicus of Dalheim. Imprimerie Hengen, Luxembourg 2010, ISBN 978-2-87985-137-2 .
- Jean Krier: The pre-Roman and early Roman Dalheim (Luxembourg). In: Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier (ed.): Trier - Augustus city of the Treverians. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1984, ISBN 3-8053-0792-6 .
- Jean Krier, Raymond Weiller: At the beginning of the Roman settlement on "Pëtzel" near Dalheim. Publications de la Section Historique de l'Institut grand-ducal de Luxembourg XCIV, Imprimerie Joseph Beffort, Luxembourg 1980, pp. 141–194, ill.
- Victor Loos: The Roman eagle. Den Adler - local newspaper N ° 1-2, 1996.
- Victor Loos: Duelem: Eis Kiirch. Conseil de la fabrique d'église, Luxembourg 1993.
- Jeannot Metzler, Johny Zimmer: Contributions to the archeology of Dalheim. Hémecht 30.3, Saint-Paul, Luxembourg 1978.
- Heike Pösche: New excavations in the thermal baths of the vicus Ricciacus . Empreintes - Annuaire du Musée national d'histoire et d'art. Imprimerie Faber, Luxembourg 2011, pp. 40–47, ill. ISBN 978-2-87985-149-5 .
- Robert Vandivinit, Gust Linden, Sandy Linden, Aloyse Estgen, Victor Loos, "Vu Ricciacus via Dalahem op Duelem." Fanfare Gemeng Duelem, Luxembourg 2001, ISBN 2-87996-944-1 .
Web links
- Dalheim community
- History Society "Ricciacus Frënn"
- Center national de recherche archéologique Luxembourg
- Musée national d'histoire et d'art Luxembourg
Individual evidence
- ↑ STATEC Luxembourg - Population par canton et commune 1821–2019 (French)
- ↑ Information on geography and topography can be found at https://www.geoportail.lu/en/
- ↑ For the further course through the Eifel: see Römerstraße Trier – Cologne
- ↑ Information on guided tours and opening times can be found at http://www.ricciacus.lu/
- ↑ Only in 1839 as a result of the Belgian Revolution did the Grand Duchy become autonomous, and in 1890 it achieved its own ruling dynasty and complete independence. Here is the history of Luxembourg
- ↑ http://www.mnha.lu/