Dallol Foga

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Dallol Foga
Dallol Fogha
Data
location NigerNiger Niger Nigeria
NigeriaNigeria 
River system Niger
Drain over Niger  → Gulf of Guinea
origin At Falwel
13 ° 33 ′ 6 "  N , 3 ° 34 ′ 38"  E
muzzle At Dolé in Niger coordinates: 11 ° 41 ′ 20 "  N , 3 ° 37 ′ 25"  E 11 ° 41 ′ 20 "  N , 3 ° 37 ′ 25"  E

Left tributaries Dallol Maouri
Medium-sized cities Kamba

The Dallol Foga (also: Dallol Fogha ) is a dry valley in Niger and Nigeria .

geography

Along with the Dallol Bosso and the Dallol Maouri , the Dallol Foga is one of the three most important dry valleys in western Niger. Dallol is a word from the Fulfulde language and means "valley". All three dry valleys lie in the Ullemmeden basin and were once rivers in the catchment area of ​​the Niger River . The area of ​​the Dallol Foga is densely populated and used for agriculture.

The dry valley runs roughly in a north-south direction through the Dosso region in Niger and the state of Kebbi in Nigeria. It begins at the villages of Falwel and Tombokoirey in Niger, which are at great risk of flooding when the Dallol Foga is in water. After the village of Goroubankassam , the dry valley reaches the villages of Tessa , Kawara N'Débé and Malgorou . Between Tessa and Kawara N'Débé there is a sandy valley, the landscape of which is similar to the Dallol Maouri.

The lower section of the Dallol Foga runs through the Dendi landscape . The Dallol Maouri joins the Dallol Foga near the village of Bana . Occasionally the Dallol Foga is also referred to as the feeder of the Dallol Maouri and not the other way around. Bana is followed by the villages of Bengou and Sabon Birni , before the dry valley crosses the national territory of Nigeria for the first time in order to reach Niger again after the city of Kamba . There the Dallol Foga runs near the villages of Tounouga and Dolé , before finally flowing into the Niger River in Nigeria.

history

The Tyenga , Songhai and Dendi ethnic groups have lived in the lower section of the valley in the Dendi landscape for centuries . Members of the Hausa subgroup Toulmawa, refugees from Kebbi as a result of the Fulbe jihad , founded several villages in the upper section of the Dallol Foga at the beginning of the 19th century. Due to the favorable conditions for agriculture, there were some permanent settlements in the valley in the 19th century. The German Africa explorer Heinrich Barth , who visited the Dallol Foga in the summers of 1853 and 1854, named eight villages, including Bana, Bengou and Kawara N'Débé.

The Dallol Foga was an important center of salt production. This was done by slaves until the beginning of French rule at the beginning of the 20th century . After that, migrant workers, especially Hausa from Kebbi, took their place. Seasonally, more strangers than locals lived in the valley. In the 1930s, labor migration was still of great importance for salt production. The salt from the Dallol Foga competed with the salt from Taoudenni and Bilma . The running water created the basis for year-round agriculture, so sugar cane, rice and sweet potatoes were introduced.

literature

  • Balkissa Adamou: Contribution de la femme rurale à la sécurité alimentaire dans le Dallol Fogha. Cas des femmes agricultrices et extractrices du sel à Sabongari . Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 2013.
  • Boubacar Halidou: Proposition d'amélioration des systèmes de culture des bas-fonds et du Dallol Foga dans la zone du projet Gatawani-Dolé . Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey 1993.
  • R. Lambert: Les salines du Dallol Fogha (Niger) . In: Bulletin du Service des Mines. Afrique Occidentale Française . No. 1 , 1938, p. 47-50 .
  • Michel Perron: Le pays Dendi . In: Bulletin du Comité d'Etudes Historiques et Scientifiques de l'Afrique Occidentale Française . Vol. 7, No. 1 , 1924, p. 51-83 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gao Achirou Daddy, Alain Dassargues: Recherche de l'autosuffisance alimentaire au Sahel. Exploitation de la nappe alluviale du dallol Maouri pour des cultures irriguées au Niger . In: Sécheresse . Vol. 3, No. 6 , September 1995, ISSN  1777-5930 , pp. 258 ( orbi.uliege.be [PDF; accessed July 3, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. 159 .
  3. ↑ M. Tiepolo, M. Ali, M. Bacci, S. Braccio, H. Issa, AZ Oumarou: Analyze du risque d'inondation dans les communes de la Région de Dosso au Niger, 1998-2016. (PDF) Projet ANADIA 2.0, report no. 5. Agence Italienne pour la Coopération au Développement, 2018, p. 17 , accessed on July 3, 2019 (French).
  4. ^ A b c d Moussa Ali, Maurizio Bacci, Sarah Braccio, Hassimou Issa, Amadou Zaqueye Oumarou, Maurizio Tiepolo: Analyze du risque d'inondation à l'échelle communale dans la Région de Dosso, Niger 1998–2016. Projet ANADIA 2.0, report n.5. Agence Italienne pour la Coopération au Développement, April 11, 2018, p. 10 , accessed on July 3, 2019 (French).
  5. ↑ M. Tiepolo, M. Ali, M. Bacci, S. Braccio, H. Issa, AZ Oumarou: Analyze du risque d'inondation dans les communes de la Région de Dosso au Niger, 1998-2016. (PDF) Projet ANADIA 2.0, report no. 5. Agence Italienne pour la Coopération au Développement, 2018, pp. 15–16 , accessed on July 3, 2019 (French).
  6. ^ A b R. Rochette: Au Niger: Kawara-Débé, village de mares . In: Revue Géographique Alpine . Vol. 53, No. 2 , 1965, p. 169 and 175 ( persee.fr [accessed July 3, 2019]).
  7. ^ P. Chaperon: Projet de mise en valeur du Dallol Maouri. Etude hydrologique. 1969 campaign. Final report . ORSTOM, May 1970, p. 3 ( horizon.documentation.ird.fr [PDF; accessed July 3, 2019]).
  8. ↑ Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 0-7864-0495-7 , pp. 449 .
  9. ↑ Olivier Walther: Sons of the Soil and Conquerors Who Came on Foot: The Historical Evolution of a West African Border Region . In: African Studies Quarterly . Vol. 13, No. 1 & 2 , 2012, p. 77–78 ( sites.clas.ufl.edu [PDF; accessed July 3, 2019]).
  10. ^ Paul E. Lovejoy: Salt of the Desert Sun. A History of Salt Production and Trade in the Central Sudan . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1986, ISBN 0-521-30182-3 , pp. 131 .
  11. ^ Paul E. Lovejoy: Salt of the Desert Sun. A History of Salt Production and Trade in the Central Sudan . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1986, ISBN 0-521-30182-3 , pp. 129-130 .