Daniel E. Koshland

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Daniel Edward Koshland, Jr. (born March 30, 1920 in New York , † July 23, 2007 in Walnut Creek ) was an American biochemist . Koshland postulated the induced fit theory and was editor-in-chief of the journal Science from 1985 to 1995 . From 1965 he was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley .

Life

Daniel Koshland was the son of the entrepreneur Daniel E. Koshland senior, who was part of the management of Levi Strauss & Co. from 1922 , and his wife Eleanor Koshland, née Haas.

Koshland studied from 1937 at the University of California, Berkeley , which he graduated in 1941 with a bachelor's degree in inorganic chemistry. He then volunteered for service in the United States Navy , but was turned down due to poor eyesight. Until 1942 he worked for Shell Chemical Company , then he was recruited for the Manhattan Project and worked at the University of Chicago under Glenn Seaborg on the extraction of plutonium . From 1946 Koshland devoted himself to his scientific research doctorate with Frank Westheimer in Chicago , receiving his Ph. D. in 1949. From 1949 to 1951 he held a postdoc position at Harvard University , then until 1965 at Brookhaven National Laboratory active. From 1958 to 1965 Daniel Koshland was also employed as a lecturer at Rockefeller University . In 1965 he went as a professor to the Department of Biochemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, of which he was head from 1973. From 1985 to 1995 Koshland was the editorial chairman of the journal Science , which he worked part-time.

Koshland was married to the immunologist Marian Koshland (1921-1997) from 1945 . The marriage resulted in three daughters and two sons. In August 2000, Koshland married Yvonne Cyr San Jule.

Act

Daniel Koshland dedicated himself to the catalytic mechanisms of enzymatic reactions for decades . In 1958 he published the induced fit theory . In 1966 Koshland and colleagues postulated the sequential model of cooperativity . In contrast to the concentrated model proposed by Jacques Monod last year , Koshland assumed that ligand binding to an oligomeric protein can also cause a conformational change in just one subunit, so that more potential intermediate states can be assumed.

In the 1970s Koshland dealt with bacterial chemotaxis . Together with Jean Yin Jen Wang, he demonstrated in Salmonella typhimurium that phosphorylation by protein kinases also occurs in prokaryotes .

In total, Daniel Koshland published over 400 articles in scientific journals.

During his tenure at Science , the peer review process was overhauled, a European office was opened in Cambridge in 1993 and a Board of Reviewing Editors was set up, in which active scholars review submitted work on a weekly basis. With This Week in Science a summary of the articles published in one issue was established for interested laypeople.

Awards and memberships

In addition to numerous other awards and honorary doctorates, Koshland received the National Medal of Science (1990), the Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award (1998), the Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award (1984) and the Pauling Award (1975). The Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award has been presented in honor of Koshland since 2008 under the name Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science .

He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1966), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1967) and the American Philosophical Society (1988).

Works (selection)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ DE Koshland: Application of a Theory of Enzyme Specificity to Protein Synthesis. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 44, Number 2, February 1958, pp. 98-104, ISSN  0027-8424 . PMID 16590179 . PMC 335371 (free full text).
  2. ↑ DE Koshland, G. Némethy, D. Filmer: Comparison of experimental binding data and theoretical models in proteins containing subunits. In: Biochemistry . Volume 5, Number 1, January 1966, pp. 365-385, ISSN  0006-2960 . PMID 5938952 .
  3. ↑ JY Wang, DE Koshland: Evidence for protein kinase activities in the prokaryote Salmonella typhimurium. In: Journal of Biological Chemistry . Volume 253, Number 21, November 1978, pp. 7605-7608, ISSN  0021-9258 . PMID 359551 .
  4. ^ FE Bloom: The Koshland years - a decade of progress. In: Science . Volume 268, Number 5211, May 1995, p. 619, ISSN  0036-8075 . PMID 7732359 .
  5. ^ American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Book of Members ( PDF ). Retrieved April 2, 2016
  6. ^ Member History: Daniel E. Koshland. American Philosophical Society, accessed November 20, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Koshland, Daniel E.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Koshland, Daniel Edward
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American biochemist
DATE OF BIRTH March 30, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH new York
DATE OF DEATH July 23, 2007
Place of death Walnut Creek