David Pestel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

David Pestel (born September 1, 1603 in Minden , † December 20, 1684 in Rinteln ) was a German legal scholar and professor at the Law Faculty of the University of Rinteln .

David Pestled willing to serve. Signature of Professor David Pestel in the letter from the Law Faculty of the University of Rinteln in connection with the witch trial of Johann Abschlag for “water sample” from September 10, 1665. Lemgo City Archives, signature A 3652

Life

David Pestel's family is originally from England . His grandfather Samson Pestel had saved himself by fleeing to Holland when Queen Maria I Tudor tried to re-establish Catholicism as the state religion during her reign from 1553 to 1558 and many Protestants were executed under her rule. He later became captain and commandant of the Duisburg castle . His father, Johann Pestel, was a councilor in Minden; the mother, Margarethe, a daughter of Christian Wippermann.

David Pestel was born on September 1, 1603 in Minden. He studied at the grammar school in Lemgo , from 1624 the University of Rinteln, then Rostock . He was the tutor a young Earl of Styrum to Holland, then went to Strasbourg and after Speyer to enroll in chamber litigation practice. In 1633 he came to Marburg and received his doctorate in law there in 1634 . At first he wanted to practice his practice in Lemgo, but because of the war riots he went to Rinteln. Here, in 1641, Countess Elisabeth von Holstein-Schaumburg , mother of Count Otto , appointed him full professor of law, and in 1646 he was also councilor and consistorial president in Bückeburg . Her brother and heir Philipp zur Lippe had him attend the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 , in which the University of Rinteln came to the House of Hesse. In 1662 he took over the professorship of the Codex and Lehnrechts. As a senior at the Faculty of Law and the entire Rinteln Academy, he died at the age of 81 on December 20, 1684.

Marriages

  • His first wife was Anne Catharine (Anna Catharina), daughter of Dr. Jur. Conr. Bergmanns in Herford, whose other daughter Anna married the lawyer Christoph Joachim Bucholtz in 1636 , and from 1641 to 1663 he was a full professor of law at the University of Rinteln.
  • His second wife was Marie (Maria), daughter of the Minden patrician Joh.Borries, whose son Heinrich Borries was councilor and mayor of Minden and (in a similar capacity as David Pestel) represented the city of Minden at the peace congress in Osnabrück in 1646.
  • His third marriage was in 1646 with Marie Clare, b. Varendorf (Maria Clara von Varendorf) (* 1628 Osnabrück, † 1678 Rinteln).

children

  • Daughter Eleonore, baptized on April 16, 1652 in Rinteln, married to Governor Christoph Ludwig Storre (1656 – around 1696).
  • Daughter Anne Catharine, married to Wachtmeisterleutnant Herrmann Catharinus in Kassel.
  • Daughter Marie Ilsabe Pestel, born on January 7, 1663 in Rinteln, married Anton Friedrich Heinichen and had one child. She died in 1721.
  • Son Philipp, Lic. Jur., Married Christine Adelheid on October 21, 1675, daughter of Chamber Councilor Simon Rembert Deichmann in Rinteln; she died on August 11, 1677.
  • Son David, Lic. Jur., Married Engel Elisabeth, daughter of Prof. Daniel Wilhelmi in Rinteln and had as son David (1654–1727). Their son Friedrich Ulrich Pestel was born in January 1691 in Rinteln; his son Friedrich Wilhelm Pestel (1724-1805) became a famous professor.

University and work

David Pestel, both rights doctor, highest professor of rights, especially of Codicis and Lehn-Rechts, as well as senior of the Juristen Facultät and whole Academie zu Rinteln, (was) President of the Consistorii zu Buckenburg in Grafschaft Schaumburg, Graflicher Schaumburgisch-Lippischer Rath. David Pestel was chairman, professor and senior of its faculty at the Hessian-Schaumburg University of Rinteln. The family relationships between the professors at the university and the preachers in Rinteln are striking.

In 1638 he led a legal dispute with the bailiff P. Bissmarck, for which documents can be found in the Lemgo city archive.

He was a wealthy man and owned a large saddle-free farm (a free farm) in Rinteln. Between 1640 and 1644 Pestel gave the university, like some other citizens, books and money; like the book printer Petrus Lucius an annual salary of 50 Reichstalers .

The great D. David Pestel, who attended the Westphalian Peace Conclusion as a deputy of Count Philip von Schaumburg-Lippe, also the strange division comparison between the through. Landgravine Amelia Elisabeth von Hessen-Kassel and Count Philip signed on July 9th and 19th, 1647 in Münster.

Catalog of questions in the witch trial against Maria Schnökel, Rinteln 1654

Witch hunts in Rinteln

Rinteln was the scene of intense witch hunts . The witch trials were largely driven by the professors of the law faculty at the University of Rinteln . The lawyers of the Akademia Ernestina reinforced the witch trials by advising city ​​and local courts throughout the northwest. Between 1621 and 1675 around 400 reports have been handed down that consistently ordered the ruthless persecution of alleged witches and sorcerers.

The legal offense of witchcraft was anchored in the nationwide Constitutio Criminalis Carolina . It was also found in the Polizey Ordinance , which Count Ernst zu Holstein-Schaumburg , the founder of the Rinteln University, had issued in 1610. Witchcraft was considered a death-worthy crime punished by burning at the stake . The city council in Rinteln held the high jurisdiction with the right to convict and burn people for witchcraft.

In the area of ​​today's city of Rinteln, at least 88 people were charged in witch trials between 1560 and 1669, many of which ended with execution . The high points were the years 1634 to 1655. In the years 1634–1635 13 people were executed. Another wave of witch trials began after Rinteln was given its own government with a higher court in 1651 because of its remote location from the royal seat of Kassel . In 1652, according to the parish register of the parish church of St. Nikolai, there was an extremely high child mortality rate, possibly as a result of an epidemic . In 1654 at least eleven people were charged with witchcraft, and in 1655 another three people. The processes often only lasted six to eight weeks. The short distances to Rinteln University to obtain the reports accelerated the process.

The city of Rinteln, whose university contributed significantly to the spread of the witch trials, holds a sad record in Lower Saxony.

Expert opinion in the witch trial Maria Schnökel, Rinteln 1654

David Pestel and the witch trials

With his publications at the University of Rinteln, Hermann Goehausen had set a tough course in the conception of witch trials. The Rinteln colleagues are said to have swiveled into his tough course. Professor David Pestel, who had been active in Rinteln for more than four decades from 1641 until his death, is considered Goehausen's most ardent follower and descendant in the witchcraft. Among other things, he is said to be responsible for one of the largest witch hunts staged in the mid-1650s.

However, only a few documents document a direct influence of Pestel on witch trials, since the documents of the university are no longer available after their dissolution:

  • In the witch trial against Adelheid Sieveking in 1654 , David Pestel initiated the investigation against her.
  • In the witch trial against Johann Abschlag on September 10, 1665, David Pestel gave instructions on how to proceed with the torture against Abschlag. Johann Abschlag had made it to lieutenant colonel in the Thirty Years' War under Tilly and Wallenstein . After quarreling with the city council because of the high cattle tax, he was named the magician and the witches' commander in 1654. At first he was acquitted by a university report, but in 1665 there was another witch trial against a discount, in the course of which he was led to the water test . On January 19, 1666, he was executed with the sword ; his family had previously paid a pardon of 200 thalers.
  • Pestel is mentioned in a file in the Lemgo city archive , where it was mentioned in a letter from Prof. Dr. Engelbert Wippermann , Dean at the University of Rinteln, says that a petitioner has already been with Dr. Pestel was.

Publications

In the long list of publications in which his name appears, Pestel is mentioned primarily as the chairman of the examination committee for dissertations.

  • Dis. Inauguralis de probationibus per instrumenta , Marburg 1633
  • David Pestel, Johannes Conrad Monaeus: Disputatio inauguralis exhibens V decades positionum hinc inde ex jure civili . Petrus Lucius, Rinteln 1643.
  • De locatione conductione , Rinteln 1644
  • De renunciationibus , Rinteln 1647
  • De fidejussoribus , Rinteln 1654 (misprint in the year 1689)
  • Progr. Acad. in obitum Dr. et Prof. Med. Rodog. Timpleri , Rinteln 1655
David Pestel, Disputatio Inauguralis De Asylis , Rinteln 1657
  • Disputatio Inauguralis De Asylis , Rinteln 1657
  • Diss. De conditionibus , Rinteln 1657
  • Theses juridicae , Rinteln 1657
  • Diss. De aequitate , Rinteln 1659
  • De juramento litis decisorio , Rinteln 1665
  • De beneficio ordinis Justinianreo , Rinteln 1665
  • Thesium juricicarum decades sex , Rinteln 1666
Rinteln Pestel De Stabilienda Pace Inter Conjuges , Rinteln 1667

literature

Web links

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Strieder: Basis for a Hessian scholar and writer story. From the Reformation to the present day. Kassel, 1794, vol. 9 p. 283ff
  2. ↑ Adolph Wilhelm Rottmann , funeral sermon on the death of David Pestel, Drs and Prof. der Recht prim., As well as the lawyer. Facultat Sen. on Psalm 37, 4.5. , Rinteln 1685.4.
  3. ↑ JG Voortman Collectie Pohl Sander, Familiearchief to Prede - Vortman (s) - Voortman (FAVO) , 2011, p 63
  4. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Strieder: Basis for a Hessian scholar and writer story. From the Reformation to the present day. Kassel, 1795, vol. 10 p. 284ff
  5. ↑ Mayor Konrad Bergmann (1613) IH No. 155
  6. ↑ http://familievonborries.de/index.php/de/component/content/article/141-johann-ii.html
  7. ↑ https://gedbas.genealogy.net/person/show/1133256098
  8. ↑ https://gw.geneanet.org/heermann?lang=en&n=pestel&nz=heermann&ocz=0&p=eleonore&pz=johann
  9. ↑ https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/david-pestel_80473366
  10. ↑ Large complete Universal Lexicon of all sciences and arts ... , Volume 27, Leipzig and Halle, 1741, p. 810
  11. ^ Stadtarchiv Lemgo, other process files , A 8431 old signature Pr P 9. In: Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek, 1638 Dr. David Pestel versus bailiff P. Bissmarck
  12. ^ Franz Carl Theodor Piderit, History of the Hessisch-Schaumburg University of Rinteln , p. 116
  13. ^ Karl Anton Dolle, D. Carl Anton Dollens Kurtzgefaßte Geschichte der Grafschaft Schaumburg , Stadthagen, 1756, p. 473
  14. ↑ The Eulenburg. University and City Museum Rinteln: witch hunt in Schaumburg .
  15. ^ Names of the victims of the witch trials in Rinteln
  16. ^ Names of the victims of the witch trials in Rinteln
  17. ↑ Stefan Meyer, Adelheid Sieveking (1600-1654): a death at the stake . In: Geschichte Schaumburger Women (2000), pp. 222–232.
  18. ↑ http://viasaga.de/religion-und-aberglaube/gnadenlose-hexenjagd.html
  19. ↑ Stadtarchiv Lemgo, Exhibition_2000-1, File A 3652, report by David Pestel in the witch trial against Johann Abschlag from September 10, 1665
  20. ^ City archive Lemgo, file A 4755, letter from Prof. Dr. Engelbert Wippermann to his brother-in-law, Lemgo Mayor Bartold Krieger, about Andreas von Sehlen's request to inspect files from Lemgo files that have been sent to Rinteln .
  21. ↑ Large complete Universal Lexicon of all Sciences and Arts , Volume 27, Leipzig and Halle, 1741
  22. ↑ Printing error in the year: 1689
personal data
SURNAME Pestel, David
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German legal scholar
DATE OF BIRTH September 1, 1603
PLACE OF BIRTH Minden
DATE OF DEATH December 20, 1684
Place of death Rinteln