Dezső Orbán

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Dezső Orbán , also Desiderius Orban , OBE (born November 26, 1884 in Győr , Austria-Hungary ; died October 8, 1986 in Sydney ) was a Hungarian-Australian painter.

Life

Dezső Orbán came from a Jewish family who moved to Budapest in 1888 . He received his first artistic training from János Pentelei Molnár , but then studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the Péter Pázmány University . In 1905 he did his military service. In 1906 he went to Paris and visited with Róbert Berény the Académie Julian in Jean-Paul Laurens , where he was also a guest at the salon of Gertrude Stein . In Paris he was impressed by the art of Paul Cézanne , Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso .

Orbán took part in the second exhibition of the Hungarian Society of Impressionists and Naturalists (MIÉNK) in 1909. Influenced by the Fauvists , the artist group Nyolcak (The Eight) was founded in his Budapest studio in 1909 by Róbert Berény , Dezső Czigány , Béla Czóbel , Károly Kernstok , Ödön Márffy , Bertalan Pór and Lajos Tihanyi . In 1910 he was again in Paris with Berény and then presented eleven pictures as the result of the Nyolcak's second exhibition in 1911 . During this time, Orbán lived with the artist and writer Anna Lesznai , who was his model, and they shared a studio. In 1912 he was a soldier again because of the Balkan War and was deployed in Dalmatia .

In 1914, Pictures of the Eight were to be shown in the Vienna Künstlerhaus , but Berénys and Tihanyi's radically new works were rejected in Vienna, so that they and Pór held a counter-exhibition, while Orbán exhibited with the more conservative part of the group in the Künstlerhaus. Orbán was drafted into the rank of lieutenant during the First World War and worked as a war painter .

Orbán supported the republican aster revolution and the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1918 and worked briefly in the artists' colony in Balatonfüred , which was led by Márffy, but this new institution also disappeared after the Soviet Republic was crushed. In contrast to the other emigrated colleagues from the circle of eight , he stayed in Hungary. In 1929 he received a gold medal at the Exposició Internacional de Barcelona . Since 1931 he ran a studio in Budapest based on the concept of the English Arts and Crafts Movement . In Nazi Germany in 1937 his picture Church in Eger was taken down as “ Degenerate Art ” in Nuremberg ; it was not found again after the war ended.

In view of the anti-Semitic threat in Hungary and the persecution in the German Reich , he fled to London in 1939 with his wife, the doctor Alice Vajda, and their son , from where he went to Sydney , where he took the name Desiderius Orban. In 1942 he was again a simple soldier in the Australian Army . He managed to establish himself as a painter and teacher in New South Wales by the end of the 1940s , opened an art school at which Judy Cassab also studied, and he was involved in a wide range of cultural activities in Australian life until he was old, for which he was 1975 was honored as Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE). The Art Gallery of New South Wales held a retrospective in 1975.

Fonts (selection)

  • Száz Mestermüve. 1934 ( copy from elib PDF).
  • A layman's guide to creative art. Sydney, Edwards & Shaw 1957.
  • Understanding art. Sydney, Ure Smith 1968.
  • What is art all about? Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1978.

Exhibitions (selection)

  • Desiderius Orban retrospective: works from 1900 to 1975. Trustees, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney 1975.
  • Hungary's Highway to Modernity. from September 12 to December 2, 2012 in the Bank Austria Art Forum

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d The eight. A Nyolcak. Hungary's Highway to Modernity. 2012, p. 190 f.
  2. ↑ Anna Lesznai: Kezdetben volt a kert. Budapest 1966.
  3. ↑ The Eight. A Nyolcak. Hungary's Highway to Modernity. 2012, p. 137 f.
  4. ↑ The Eight. A Nyolcak. Hungary's Highway to Modernity. 2012, p. 140.
  5. ↑ The Eight. A Nyolcak. Hungary's Highway to Modernity. 2012, p. 142.
  6. ↑ a b Eileen Chanin: Orban, Desiderius (Dezso) (1884–1986). 2012.
  7. ↑ Gergely Barki, Evelyn Benesch, Zoltán Rockenbauer (eds.): The eight. A Nyolcak. Hungary's Highway to Modernity. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-07157-5 (catalog for the exhibition).
personal data
SURNAME Orbán, Dezső
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Orbán Dezső (Hungarian name); Desiderius Orban
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian-Australian painter
DATE OF BIRTH November 26, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Győr
DATE OF DEATH October 8, 1986
Place of death Sydney