DinoPark
Dino Park (known under the English title Jurassic Park ) is a thriller of the American writer Michael Crichton in 1990. Crichton illustrated in the novel the chaos theory and its philosophical implications of the metaphor of an amusement park , the out of control. The main attraction of the park are cloned dinosaurssome of which are dangerous to humans. Just as the protagonist of the story, chaos theorist Ian Malcolm, predicts in advance, banal causes lead to an initially unnoticed failure of the security and control systems and plunge the park step by step into a serious crisis. The novel was also interpreted in a critical way of capitalism and progress as a warning against greed for profit, corruption, human superiority over nature and the incalculable risks of genetic engineering .
The film adaptation of Jurassic Park , directed by Steven Spielberg , was released in 1993. In some places it deviates a lot from the original and takes other turns.
action
The dinosaur-obsessed senior and multi-billionaire John Hammond is realizing his dream: 120 miles west of the coast of Costa Rica he is building a modern amusement park with living attractions on the island of Nublar . Meanwhile, on the mainland there are frequent sightings of small lizards biting children and babies. A worker from the island is also strangely fatally injured.
In preparation for the planned opening of the park, John Hammond of necessity accepts the request of his investors' attorney , Donald Gennaro, for a scientific inspection, particularly with a view to the safety of the park. Hammond can recruit some of the best scientists in their fields who have advised him in advance - the paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant, paleobotany student Ellie Sattler, and chaos theorist Dr. Ian Malcolm.
Hammond loads the scientists and Gennaro into his private jet and flies them to Costa Rica to show them around his park and proudly demonstrate what his genetic engineers have created: living dinosaurs.
To make it look even more like a harmless pre-visit, he even invites his grandchildren - the dinosaur-loving Tim and his younger sister Alexis (Lex) - to do so. But what Ian Malcolm foresaw long ago by simulating complex systems and what the naive Hammond did not want to see, becomes reality.
According to chaos theory, complex systems never behave predictably. The smallest fluctuations in individual boundary conditions can be enough to throw everything off track. With the corruption of the chief programmer , Dennis Nedry, the disaster begins to take its course. Through a sequence of seemingly harmless coincidences, the chaos paves its way to the total collapse of the power supply and all control systems. Without electric fences , the dinosaurs can now move freely in the park. The intelligent velociraptors and the full-grown tyrannosaurus in particular keep the top park ranger and former big game hunter Robert Muldoon on their toes. But with the carefree Hammond's stingy emergency equipment and without any electricity, it seems impossible to restore order.
In the course of the disaster, further horror reveals itself. Due to errors in the dinosaur DNA , the animals can now reproduce unhindered, contrary to all genetic and biological precautionary measures. Behind the facade of apparently comprehensive control over the park's biology and technology, an unnoticed potential for danger has developed over time.
Soon a struggle for survival begins, which claims its victims not only among "Hammond's favorites". In the end, only Grant, Sattler, Gennaro, Muldoon and Hammond's grandsons escape and are taken into custody by Costa Rican government agencies. Malcolm's death is only hinted at. The Costa Rican Air Force bombs Isla Nublar with napalm to wipe out the dinosaurs. And yet there are observations on the mainland that suggest that some specimens have escaped from Jurassic Park to the mainland and survive there.
Occurring dinosaurs
The diversity of dinosaurs is illustrated by Crichton using the example of 15 species with their special properties. Lesser-known species were also presented to a wide audience. A full-grown and a half-grown Tyrannosaurus rex embody the type of the giant carnivore. A group of velociraptors (often called "raptors" for short) appear as man-sized, intelligent carnivores that hunt in packs. The role of Aasbeseitigung is from about chickens large Procompsognathen (shortened as "Compys") is adopted, whose bite displaced still alive but helpless victims in a trance state. In Crichton's book you seal the fate of project investor Hammond. The dilophosaurs have the property of making their victims blind and thus defenseless by spitting on them before they eat them up. In addition to these types that dominate the plot, there are also Mayaurs , Stegosaurs , Triceratopsids , Othnielia , Apatosaurs , Hadrosaurs , Pterosaurs , Hypsilophodons , Euoplocephali , Styracosaurs and Callovosaurs .
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According to Crichton, the story arose out of his concern for people's increasing "belief in science". Crichton said, "I believe that science is a wonderful, powerful - but clearly limited - tool."
Crichton takes current scientific findings and spins them on. The mathematician Ian Malcolm introduces elements from chaos theory and explains that the complete control over living beings aimed at by Hammond and his scientists is impossible ("Life finds a way").
The paleontologist Alan Grant presents a theory for a significant similarity between dinosaurs and birds.
The time required for the animals dinosaur DNA relate scientists around the geneticist Henry Wu made in amber trapped mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects in their stomachs Dino Blood has been preserved. So that the later population cannot reproduce independently, they only create female dinosaurs and also irradiate their reproductive system with X-rays. The naturally fragmentary paleo-DNA of the dinosaurs is completed by the genetic information of today's frogs and other animals. This "amphibious" DNA for filling gaps later turns out to be a problem, because some amphibian species, including frogs, can spontaneously change their gender if there is a lack of partners of the opposite sex. This is how the dinosaurs can ultimately multiply.
From the completed DNA, the scientists create their embryos , which are hatched in eggs (at least initially artificial). How exactly they get from the sequenced DNA to an actual strand and later even to the embryo, the author leaves open.
In the sequel to the novel ( Forgotten World ), it turns out that chaos theorist Ian Malcolm also survived, although the ending of DinoPark gives the impression that he was killed.
expenditure
Translation: Klaus Berr
- Michael Crichton: DinoPark. Droemer Knaur, 1991, ISBN 3-426-19290-X .
- Michael Crichton: Jurassic Park. Droemer Knaur, 1998, ISBN 3-426-71127-3 .
- Michael Crichton: DinoPark. Droemer Knaur, 1998, ISBN 3-426-60021-8 .
- Michael Crichton: Jurassic Park. Weltbild, 2005, ISBN 3-89897-118-X .
- Michael Crichton: Jurassic Park. Goldmann, 2007, ISBN 3-442-46437-4 .
- Michael Crichton: Jurassic Park. Heyne, 2013, ISBN 978-3-4538-1150-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bonus material on the Jurassic Park DVD under "Production Notes"