Jurassic Park
| Movie | |
|---|---|
| German title | Jurassic Park |
| Original title | Jurassic Park |
 | |
| Country of production | United States |
| original language | English |
| Publishing year | 1993 |
| length | 123 minutes |
| Age rating | FSK 12 |
| Rod | |
| Director | Steven Spielberg |
| script |
Michael Crichton , David Koepp |
| production |
Kathleen Kennedy , Gerald R. Molen |
| music | John Williams |
| camera | Dean Cundey |
| cut | Michael Kahn |
| occupation | |
| |
| chronology | |
|
Successor → |
|
Jurassic Park [ dʒʊɹæsɪk pɑːɹk ] is a science fiction - horror - and adventure film by Steven Spielberg from 1993 . The plot is based on the novel DinoPark (original title: Jurassic Park ) by Michael Crichton , who together with David Koepp also wrote the screenplay for the cinema thriller .
The American theatrical release took place on June 11th and the German theatrical release on September 2nd, 1993. It is the first part of the Jurassic Park film series on which the sequels Forgotten World: Jurassic Park (1997), Jurassic Park III (2001), Jurassic World (2015) and Jurassic World: The Fallen Kingdom (2018) followed.
action
The multi-billionaire John Hammond has created an adventure park on the Pacific Isla Nublar near Costa Rica with the help of the most modern genetic engineering ( DNA incorporation see “ Anachronistic Evolution ” ) - with living dinosaurs and other paleontological sensations. When a Velociraptor is released, an accident occurs in which a worker is killed. The investors are nervous and then called for an examination of the park.
So Hammond and Donald Gennaro, his investor's attorney, invite a group of specialists to certify the park's safety. Hammond convinces paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant and his friend and colleague, the paleobotanist Dr. Ellie Sattler to comply with his request by assuring them in return that they would finance their excavations for three years. Gennaro also convinces the chaos theorist Dr. Ian Malcolm to join the review.
At the same time is Dennis Nedry, the disgruntled computer programmer of the park, Lewis Dodgson, a negotiator of Hammond's competitors Biosyn recruited for 1.5 million dollars dinosaur embryos from Hammonds company InGen to steal.
The specialists who have moved from Hammond to the island are both fascinated and concerned about this significant invasion of nature after an initial tour of the park. During the afternoon tour with electric vehicles, in which Hammond's grandsons Lex and Tim also take part, Dr. Grant a sick dinosaur. Sattler decides to help the vet Harding and later drive back to the visitor center with the vet while the other visitors continue their tour. However, as a tropical storm is looming over the island, the tour has to be canceled and the vehicles drive back towards the visitor center.
So that Nedry can implement his plan to move the embryos from the park to the island's harbor before the island is evacuated due to the tropical storm, he temporarily puts almost the entire security system out of operation and leaves the control room. The associated power outage also causes the electrically powered vehicles in the park to fail. The visitors are stuck in front of the enclosure of the Tyrannosaurus rex (T-Rex) when it gets dark .
Since the electric protective fences are no longer live, the T-Rex can break out of its enclosure and attack the vehicles that have stopped and their occupants. In panic, lawyer Gennaro hides in a toilet, where he falls victim to the T-Rex a little later. Grant manages to save the children from the dinosaur and escapes with them on foot. Malcolm is left seriously injured.
Sattler, who is now back in the visitor center, goes with Robert Muldoon, the park's ranger, in a jeep to search for the missing people. They discover the injured Malcolm and can bring him to safety in the jeep, pursued by the Tyrannosaurus rex. Meanwhile, Nedry leaves the road with the stolen embryos on the way to the harbor in a thunderstorm and is faced with a Dilophosaurus , who kills him.
In the command room, it becomes clear to those in charge that Nedry won't be back. Since chief engineer Ray Arnold does not know the password of Nedry's computer, Hammond and Arnold decide to turn off the power completely and then reboot the entire system . After the restart, however, the main switch in a maintenance bunker must be switched on again by hand. Arnold leaves the main building for this purpose. Hammond insists that the rest of them take shelter in the main building's bunker. When Arnold does not return, Muldoon and Sattler go to the maintenance bunker with the main switch. Hammond remains in the main building bunker with Malcolm. By switching off the power supply, the Velociraptors , whose protective fence Nedry was the only one who had not switched off, were able to break out of their enclosure. While Muldoon tries to distract the reptiles in front of the maintenance bunker, Sattler manages to get into the building and turn the power supply back on.
At the same time, Grant and the children cross one of the electric fences in the park on the way to the main building. While Grant and Lex make it safely over the fence, Tim gets an electric shock from the re-energized fence , but can be reanimated by Grant after a short time. Meanwhile, Sattler finds himself exposed to the attack of a raptor, which, she discovers, has previously killed Arnold. However, Sattler escapes while Muldoon is surrounded and killed by velociraptors.
Grant and the two children eventually make it back to the main building. Since they don't meet anyone there, Grant goes outside again and a little later finds the completely confused Sattler. At the same time, the children left behind are threatened and pursued by two raptors. The children flee to the restaurant kitchen, from where they manage to escape the raptors. Grant, Sattler, and the children go to the command room. There Lex succeeds in restarting the security systems, which prevents a reptile from entering the control room for the time being. Grant calls Hammond and tells him to request a helicopter for the return flight to the mainland. However, the raptors manage to penetrate the control room, so that the inmates have to flee again. On the escape route outside, the group is intercepted and encircled by two velociraptors. When one of the raptors starts to jump on the group, he is attacked by the tyrannosaurus. The other raptor now attacks the Tyrannosaurus in turn. Since the dinosaurs are busy with themselves in the fray, Grant, Sattler, Lex and Tim manage to escape into the car in front of the entrance in which Hammond and the injured Malcolm are already waiting for them. They drive to the helicopter platform and flee the island by helicopter.
background
The film series is based on the novels by Michael Crichton . DinoPark was released in 1990 and the second part, Lost World (German: Forgotten World ) was released in 1995. The scientific core ideas of the books are reused in the films:
- Crichton uses the possibility of multiplying traces of the hereditary substance DNA as a basis to obtain DNA from dinosaur blood that was sucked millions of years ago by mosquitoes , which were then enclosed in tree resin and fossilized as amber inclusions .
- Scientists almost rule out any possibility of preserving DNA within fossilized bones, since DNA quickly disintegrates after the death of a living being without the absence of air. A study carried out in 2012 came to the conclusion that even under the best of conditions, the DNA of an organism would completely disintegrate after 6.8 million years at the latest. This is a much shorter period than the time the dinosaurs became extinct around 65 million years ago. Isolation of younger DNA and living bacteria from amber has already been described.
- The discussion about the possibility of using cloning to create living beings from body cells is spun on by Crichton to the possibility of completing fragments of dinosaur DNA with amphibian DNA and using them to create dinosaur embryos in artificial eggs . The ability of some amphibians to change sex under single-sex conditions opens up the possibility of reproduction for the dinosaurs created as females for safety reasons.
- The unpredictability of the behavior of complex systems as described by chaos theory .
- A theory that has since become widely recognized in paleontology is presented: the close relationship between a group of relatively small, agile and possibly particularly intelligent predatory dinosaurs , including velociraptors , and birds .
Universal Studios paid writer Michael Crichton $ 1.5 million for the film rights and an additional $ 500,000 to write the script.
Immediately after filming, director Steven Spielberg began work on his next film, Schindler's List . He handed over the post-processing of Jurassic Park to George Lucas and controlled the results via a satellite link from Europe. Both films were released only a few months apart.
With the engagement of Richard Attenborough in the role of John Hammond , Steven Spielberg fulfilled a dream, because he had long admired him as a director and actor. Attenborough had last appeared in the film The Human Factor as an actor 14 years earlier and had in the meantime focused on his work as a producer and director.
Hammond proudly mentions in the film that the voice of the narrator for his tour of the park is actor Richard Kiley . The passage was taken directly from the book and the voice of Richard Kiley was actually used for the film (in the original English). In the German dubbing you can hear Lothar Blumhagen as the narrator .
In the film, a black and white portrait is stuck to the computer monitor at Dennis Nedry's workplace. The person in the photo is the physicist Robert Oppenheimer , who is known as the "father of the atomic bomb ".
Crichton picked up the idea of the hypermodern and deadly amusement park back in 1973 in Westworld . Instead of dinosaurs, it was robots that ran amok uncontrollably .
Although the film is set in Costa Rica , most of the scenes were shot in Hawaii . Steven Spielberg cited the better infrastructure (of Hawaii) as the reason for this .
Locations in Hawaii included the Kualoa Ranch on Oahu , the Manawaiopuna Falls in Hanapepe Valley, the Blue Hole, the Jurassic Kahili Ranch in Kilauea and Olokele Valley on Kaua'i . Some other recordings also come from the studio or California (for example Mojave Desert ).
The opening scene in which Dr. Grant and Dr. Sattler's first helicopter flight to the island was filmed at Keopuka Rock in Maui near the "Maui Garden of Eden", from which this rock is also visible.
Differences to the novel
Although the film in the main story follows the novel relatively closely, albeit shortened, for a large part, there are some minor, but also a few quite serious differences to the book. The theme of the animals reproducing on the island and the danger that these could reach the mainland are more central in the template.
Also, some characters in the book are described differently than shown in the film and are given different roles. Billionaire John Hammond, for example, survives unharmed in the film, but is eaten by dinosaurs in the book.
The lawyer Gennaro, on the other hand, is evacuated in the novel together with Grant, Sattler and the children and plays a much more important role there than in the film. The same applies to the characters Ian Malcolm (mathematician), Robert Muldoon (safari guide) and Henry Wu (chief geneticist). Muldoon survives in the book but dies in the film, while Wu survives in the film but dies in the book.
The roles of the two children Lex and Tim are reversed in the book and film. In the novel, Lex is the younger of the two, while Tim is already around 11 years old. He's also the one who knows the book about the computers in the control room and saves Alan and Ellie's lives by locking the doors of the room, which prevents the raptors from getting in. In the film, Lex is the older one and also the one who uses her computer skills to save the lives of the two adults.
In the novel, there is a park employee named Ed Regis who is part of the story from the beginning of the book until the T-Rex's first attack. Shortly after the attack, however, he is killed by a second, smaller and younger T-Rex. Both Regis and the second Rex do not appear in the film. His role here is mainly taken by Gennaro, partly by Hammond.
During the tour through the park, the protagonists of the book and the film stop at a certain point and walk a bit into the wilderness of the park. There they meet the park's veterinarian, Dr. Harding, who is looking after a sick herbivore. In the movie, the dinosaur is a triceratops , but in the book it is a stegosaurus .
Shortly before the end of the novel, when the park is already on its last legs, Alan, Ellie, Muldoon and Gennaro make their way to the south of the island to find out how many nests the raptors have built outside of their kennel. The aim is to find out approximately how many animals were born on the island to make sure no animals survive the upcoming bombardment by the Costa Rican Air Force. After this task is done, the four are picked up on the beach by a helicopter and evacuated along with Lex, Tim and a few surviving employees of the park. Then they fly over the island and watch how the park buildings and the dinosaurs are destroyed by a second helicopter using rockets.
This last expedition of the survivors does not take place in the film, and there is no trace of an attack by the military. The survivors are only flown away from the island while a few birds accompany them part of the way out over the open sea. A novel sequence that suggested the escape of some dinosaurs from the island is also not found in the film.
synchronization
The German synchronization was for a dialogue book and the dialogue director of Dr. Michael Nowka on behalf of Berliner Synchron GmbH Wenzel Lüdecke.
| role | actor | German speaker |
|---|---|---|
| Dr. Alan Grant | Sam Neill | Wolfgang Condrus |
| Dr. Ellie Sattler | Laura Dern | Sabine Jaeger |
| John Hammond | Richard Attenborough | Friedrich W. Building School |
| Dr. Ian Malcolm | Jeff Goldblum | Arne Elsholtz |
| Lex Murphy | Ariana Richards | Andrea Wick |
| Tim Murphy | Joseph Mazzello | Timm new |
| Robert Muldoon | Bob Peck | K. Dieter Klebsch |
| Donald Gennaro | Martin Ferrero | Wilfried Herbst |
| Dennis Nedry | Wayne Knight | Michael Walke |
| Ray Arnold | Samuel L. Jackson | Ronald Nitschke |
| Dr. Gerry Harding | Gerald R. Molen | Hans Teuscher |
| Dr. Henry Wu | BD Wong | Torsten Sense |
| Dr. Lewis Dodgson | Cameron Thor | Jörg Hengstler |
| Richard Kiley | Richard Kiley | Lothar Blumhagen |
| Mr. DNS | Greg Burson | Jürgen Thormann |
Movie title
The title of the film means “Jura Park” and refers to the geological age of Jura , the middle section of the Mesozoic Era (“ Mesozoic Era ”) when the dinosaurs became the dominant animals on the mainland.
Of the dinosaurs mentioned by name in the film, only the genera Brachiosaurus and Dilophosaurus come from the Jurassic period. Gallimimus , Tyrannosaurus rex ("T-Rex"), Triceratops and Velociraptor, however, lived later during the Upper Cretaceous towards the end of the Mesozoic Era.
Illustration of dinosaurs
The Velociraptor , whose remains , only about the size of a turkey, were found in Mongolia , achieved great fame and popularity thanks to Jurassic Park. In the film version, however, the representation of this animal was based on Deinonychus , a closely related genus from North America, in terms of size and skull shape .
Dilophosaurus, on the other hand, is only about a third of its actual size in the film and is also shown as spitting poison and with a collar resembling that of a frilled lizard, which is not based on scientific knowledge, but on the imagination of the author and the filmmaker. This also applies to the representation in the film that the Tyrannosaurus rex can only see objects in motion.
The brachiosaurus is bigger in the movie than in real life. His head there is approximately the size of a human body. However, the skull of brachiosaurids is actually only about the size of a human's torso.
3D version
At the beginning of April 2013 the film, converted to 3D , was released again in North American cinemas. The 3D conversion cost around 10 million US dollars (8.4 million euros ; 9.1 million Swiss francs ) and played on the opening weekend in North America (USA and Canada) 18.2 million US dollars (15.4 million euros ) .Euro; 16.5 million Swiss francs).
reception
Gross profit
Jurassic Park set new standards in the field of special effects and computer technology in 1993 : computer- generated and animatronic dinosaurs can hardly be distinguished from one another. Several SGI computers under Irix were used as the technical basis . The production costs of the film amounted to around 63 million US dollars (53.2 million euros; 57.2 million Swiss francs), of which 18 million US dollars (15.2 million euros; 16.3 million Swiss francs) alone ) for the computer-generated scenes. He played at its original publication in 1993 US dollars around the world 915 million (772.3 million euros, 831.1 million Swiss francs) and the most successful film was the world in the period from 1993 to 1998 before Titanic by James Cameron set new records. Jurassic Park currently ranks 41st in the list of the world's most successful films of all time (as of August 8, 2020).
Reviews
On the Rotten Tomatoes website , the film was 91 percent positive for both the audience and the critics.
Awards
- Golden canvas 1993, 1994
- Golden Canvas with a Star (1993)
- Golden Canvas with Two Stars (1994)
- Academy Awards 1994
- Oscar for Best Sound Mixing for Gary Summers , Gary Rydstrom , Shawn Murphy , Ron Judkins
- Oscar for Best Sound Editing for Gary Rydstrom, Richard Hymns
- Oscar for Best Visual Effects for Dennis Muren , Stan Winston , Phil Tippett , Michael Lantieri
- Saturn Award 1994
- Award in the category of best science fiction film
- Award in the Best Director category for Steven Spielberg
- Award in the Best Special Effects category for Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett, Michael Lantieri
- Prize in the Best Screenplay category for Michael Crichton (novel), David Koepp
- Nominated in the category Best Actress: Laura Dern
- Nominated in the Best Costume Category: Sue Moore , Eric H. Sandberg
- Nominated in the Best Music category: John Williams
- Nominated for Best Supporting Actor: Jeff Goldblum , Wayne Knight
- Nominated in the Best Young Actor category: Joseph Mazzello , Ariana Richards
- Awarded as the best foreign film
- BAFTA Award 1994
- BAFTA Award in the Best Special Effects category for Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett, Michael Lantieri
- Nominated for Best Sound: Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy, Ron Judkins, Richard Hymns
- BMI Film & TV Awards 1994
- BMI Film Music Award for John Williams
- Blue Ribbon Awards 1994
- Awarded as the best foreign film
- Blue Ribbon Awards 1994
- Nominated for Best Tone: Gary Summers, Gary Rydstrom, Shawn Murphy, Ron Judkins
- Czech Lions 1994
- Awarded as the best foreign film
- 1994 Grammy Awards
- Nominated for Best Score: John Williams
- Hugo Awards 1994
- Hugo in the Best Dramatic Performance category
- MTV Movie Awards 1994
- Nominated in the Best Film category
- Nominated in the Best Action Scene category
- Nominated in the category Best Monster (T-Rex)
- "Reader's Choice Award" in the category Best Foreign Film for Steven Spielberg
- Motion Picture Sound Editors 1994
- "Golden Reel Award" in the Best Sound Editing category
- Awarded as the best general film
- Young Artist Awards 1994
- Awarded as the best young actor in an accompanying leading role: Joseph Mazzello
- Awarded as the best young actor: Ariana Richards
- Awarded as the best family film in the Action / Adventure category
- Nominated for the “Sierra Award” in the Best DVD category
- Inclusion in the National Film Registry (2018)
The German Film and Media Assessment FBW in Wiesbaden awarded the film the rating "valuable".
See also
literature
- Rob DeSalle, David Lindley: The Science of Jurassic Park and The Lost World. Or How to Build a Dinosaur . HarperCollins Publishers, New York 1997.
- Don Shay, Jody Duncan: Jurassic Park. How the bestseller DinoPark became Steven Spielberg's box office success. Droemer Knaur, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-426-26713-6 .
Web links
- Jurassic Park in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Jurassic Park in the online movie database
- Jurassic Park atRotten Tomatoes(English)
- Errors in the movie Jurassic Park. In: American Paleontologist 1996, 4 (2): pp. 4-7. By J Bret Bennington
- JP Wiki
- Comparison of the cut versions RTL II afternoon - FSK 12 from Jurassic Park at Schnittberichte.com
- Jurassic Park in the German synchronous file
Individual evidence
- ↑ boxofficemojo.com - Jurassic Park
- ↑ Morten E. Allentoft, Matthew Collins, David Harker, James Haile, Charlotte L. Oskam, Marie L. Hale, Paula F. Campos, Jose A. Samaniego, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Eske Willerslev, Guojie Zhang, R. Paul Scofield, Richard N. Holdaway, Michael Bunce: The half-life of DNA in bone: measuring decay kinetics in 158 dated fossils . In: The Royal Society (ed.): Proceedings B . October 2012, doi : 10.1098 / rspb.2012.1745 .
- ↑ Rob DeSalle, J. Gatesy, W. Wheeler, D. Grimaldi: DNA sequences from a fossil termite in Oligo-Miocene amber and Their phylogenetic implications. In: Science Volume 257, No. 5078, 1992, pp. 1933-1936, doi: 10.1126 / science.1411508 .
- ↑ CL Greenblatt, A. Davis, BG Clement, CL Kitts, T. Cox, RJ Cano: Diversity of microorganisms isolated from amber. In: Microbial Ecology Vol. 38, No. 1, 1999, pp. 58-68, doi: 10.1007 / s002489900153 .
- ↑ Tim Apello: Michael Crichton's “Jurassic Park”. In: Entertainment Weekly . December 7, 1990, accessed June 12, 2015 .
- ↑ Hawaii. In: Jurassic Park wiki. Retrieved May 4, 2016 .
- ^ Jurassic Park. June 11, 1993, Retrieved May 4, 2016 .
- ^ Jurassic Park (1993). In: Movie Locations Discovery. Retrieved May 5, 2016 .
- ^ Jurassic Park. In: synchronkartei.de. German synchronous index , accessed on January 27, 2013 .
- ↑ Brachiosaurus / Giraffatitan with skull in the Natural History Museum in Berlin http://foto.arcor-online.net/palb/alben/83/6185983/6362373434306638.jpg ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically saved as marked defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Costs of the 3D conversion and box office results on the starting weekend at Cinemablend.com (English); Retrieved April 8, 2013.
- ^ Entry on boxofficemojo.com , last accessed on April 4, 2009.
- ↑ Top Lifetime big things. Box Office Mojo, accessed August 8, 2020 .
- ^ Jurassic Park (1993). Retrieved August 3, 2020 .
