Titanic (1997)
Titanic [ taɪtænɪk ] is an American feature film drama made in 1997, directed by James Cameron , tells the story of the maiden voyage of the RMS Titanic retold in 1912th A love story with fictional characters was woven into the facts of the ship's sinking. The film won eleven Academy Awards , including the one for Best Picture , and had 130.9 million admissions in the United States alone and 18 million in Germany. With a worldwide grossing of more than 1.8 billion US dollars, the film occupied first place in the list of the most successful films until it was replaced by Avatar - Aufbruch nach Pandora (also by James Cameron) in 2009 . The music was composed by James Horner, the title song My Heart Will Go On was sung by Celine Dion .
action
In 1996, the treasure hunter Brock Lovett and a team from the Russian research vessel Keldysh were looking for the lost diamond necklace "Heart of the Ocean" in the North Atlantic , which is said to be on board the legendary Titanic . After recovering a safe from a millionaire's suite in the wreck, Brock sees himself at the goal of his long search for wealth. Instead of the diamonds, however, there is only the nude drawing, dated April 14, 1912, of a young woman wearing the said piece of jewelry. The 100-year-old Rose Calvert found out about the find from a news broadcast and got in touch with Brock. However, since the old lady is an actress who became known in the 1920s as "Rose Dawson", Brock's close friend Lewis Bodine is skeptical of this. In addition, Rose DeWitt Bukater, who Mrs. Calvert claims to be, officially died when the ship went down. Because time is of the essence for Brock's team, as the donors threaten to stop their investments due to the lack of success of the expedition, they decide to have the old lady and her granddaughter Lizzy flown in.
In order to dispel any doubts, Brock puts Rose to the test by telling her about a claim for damages regarding the necklace, which was settled under the strictest confidentiality conditions shortly after the accident. After Rose was able to name the applicant, Nathan Hockley, and also identified some finds from the suite, Brock invited her on a virtual trip back to the Titanic. After presenting some video recordings and an animation of the sinking, Rose tells her story:
April 10, 1912, Port of Southampton : The Titanic , a luxury liner of the White Star Line shipping company , is waiting to set sail on her maiden voyage to New York . On board are 17-year-old Rose DeWitt Bukater and her mother Ruth, who are members of the prestigious Philadelphia Society , as well as Rose's wealthy fiancé Cal Hockley. Shortly before the ship's departure, the penniless artist Jack Dawson from Chippewa Falls proves a lucky hand at poker and wins two third-class tickets for himself and his Italian friend Fabrizio de Rossi.
Unhappy about Ruth's engagement to Cal and her own role in society, Rose tries to commit suicide on board the ship, for which she climbs over the railing . She is watched by Jack, who can convince her to let go of her plan. When Rose slips while trying to climb back on board, she is rescued by Jack, who pulls her over the railing. In recognition of this, Jack receives an invitation to dinner from Cal.
The following day, Rose and Jack get to know each other better while walking on the deck of the first class. Rose learns of Jack's talent as an artist and in turn confides in him that she is not too happy in her role in affluent society. When it comes to an encounter with Ruth, the Countess of Rothes and Molly Brown , Rose's mother behaves dismissively because she sees a danger to her plans in the new acquaintance of her daughter - unlike Molly, who takes care of Jack and him for that dressing up upcoming dinners. While Ruth tries at dinner to make Jack look out of place with mocking and condescending questions, Jack knows how to attract the sympathy of the evening party. After dinner he says goodbye to Rose and secretly slips her an invitation to a party on the lower deck (3rd class), which Rose accepts. But the hilarious excursion does not go unnoticed, as Cal hires his valet Spicer Lovejoy to keep an eye on his fiancée.
The morning after the party, Cal confronts Rose with her misstep - there is a violent outburst of anger on his part; Ruth also makes it clear to her daughter that her economic and social position depends on her marriage to Hockley, because Rose's father left the family in high debts. So cornered, Rose initially rejects Jack, but then changes his mind and looks for him at the bow of the ship - the two of them kiss. Jack then does a nude drawing of her in Rose's suite , but Jack's stay in the suite does not go unnoticed by Lovejoy. Jack and Rose find refuge in the boiler room and enter the hold, where they indulge their passion in a car. Meanwhile, the Titanic is heading for an iceberg: shortly after the couple is back on deck of the ship, a collision occurs.
When Rose and Jack witness the accident with the iceberg and realize the situation, they return to their suite to inform Ruth and Cal of the collision. But Jack falls victim to an intrigue of Cal: After he discovers his fiancé's drawing, he instructs his valet to give Jack the diamond "The Heart of the Ocean". Jack is placed under arrest as a thief, Rose remains disappointed.
While the first lifeboats eased , will Jacks situation is getting worse as he remains enclosed in the chamber of the boat's bow and begins to decline slowly. Rose, who no longer believes in Jack's theft and refuses to disembark with her mother, visits her confidante Thomas Andrews and asks him for help to find Jack. Eventually she manages to escape, but Jack and Rose find themselves in the gang maze of the third class, in which they seem to be stuck as the crew have been instructed to keep the lower deck passengers in check. Together with Tommy Ryan, a friend of Jack and Fabrizio, they manage to escape their predicament.
Meanwhile, Cal does everything on deck to do business with Murdoch so that Murdoch can also get men into the lifeboats. While he has to let Lovejoy explain to him that Rose is waiting with Jack on the other side of the ship for a lifeboat, Bruce Ismay , director of the White Star Line , cheats off board. When Rose learns of Cal's arrangement with Murdoch, which supposedly would also save Jack, she gets in. Since she can't stand the thought of being separated from Jack, she jumps out of the boat onto the Titanic again under the horrified looks of Cal and Jack. When Cal realizes that his fiancée loves Jack, he goes mad and shoots them both. Rose and Jack have to flee back into the corridors of the lower deck.
Since the few available lifeboats have now almost all cast off and the situation threatens to escalate, the officers are now also using weapons to maintain a certain order. When Murdoch, on his warning, shoots a passenger who tried to get into one of the boats, and also fires a bullet at Tommy, who was pushed forward by a man behind, he shoots himself. Cal finds a child left behind and uses it his last chance by saving himself with the girl in one of the last boats. Jack and Rose fight their way to the stern in order to stay on the ship as long as possible. The full bow lifts the stern out of the water so that the ship breaks in half under the load. The bow pulls the ship down and lifts the stern again until it sinks vertically into the Atlantic. Jack and Rose make it back to the surface and try to save themselves on a floating wooden wall panel, but she only carries one of them. When the weakened Rose begins to say goodbye, Jack makes her promise not to die that night, but to use all her strength to save her and to have a long and happy life.
Meanwhile, the occupants of the lifeboats floating in the immediate vicinity make no attempt to save the people from the water, as they fear they will capsize. Only the fifth officer Harold Lowe makes his way back with a small group, but help comes too late; almost all of the passengers floating in the ice-cold water have already frozen to death. Only Rose, who draws attention to herself through the whistle of Chief Officer Henry T. Wilde after saying goodbye to the deceased Jack, and five other people can be saved. On board the Carpathia passenger liner , which has taken in the survivors, Rose and Cal, who is looking for Rose among the third-class passengers, almost meet, but Rose turns away so that Cal does not notice her Looking for her apparently giving up. Once in New York, Rose poses as "Rose Dawson" to reflect her ongoing bond with Jack and to evade her past and the influence of Cal and Ruth. Rose later learns that Cal shot himself after ruining himself financially through speculation.
Back in the present, Rose ends her story and reveals that she has not yet shared her experiences with anyone. Brock gives up his search for wealth and opens up to Lizzy: He regrets not that he looked for treasure in vain for three years, but that he lost sight of the Titanic in the process. At the same time Rose goes unnoticed to a railing. It turns out that the "heart of the ocean" is still in their possession; it had been in the coat that Cal had put on her before boarding the lifeboat. She throws the necklace into the sea. The film ends when Rose lies motionless on her bed. As in a dream she walks as a young woman as at the beginning of her journey through the Titanic, is greeted by passengers at the grand staircase and finds herself in Jack's arms.
production
Pre-production
James Cameron has always been fascinated by shipwrecks. At the beginning of the 1990s, the Titanic came into his field of vision. He was excited about the potential of the story and described the story of the sinking of the Titanic as "a great novel that played out exactly the same way."
“You couldn't have written a better story: The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the social differences between men and women that were valid right up to the last moment, the stoic composure and the honorable behavior of an era that has long since come to an end Splendor of the magnificent ship that can only be measured against the madness of those men who drove it obsessively through the darkness. And above all the lesson we draw from it: that life is a risk, the future unknown ... that the unthinkable is possible. "
Cameron knitted a romantic love story around the tragic catastrophe, in which the likeable main characters Jack and Rose get closer - always living with the risk that their happiness could be suddenly destroyed. With his love story, Cameron linked all the interesting places and moments of the ship from bow to stern in order to allow viewers to "experience the optimism and glory of the ship in a way that most passengers could not". Furthermore, Cameron created a modern framework for the romance with the older rose, which makes the story tangible and at the same time poignant. The treasure hunter Brock Lovett was added as an element representing all those who have never approached history from a human perspective.
Cameron met with 20th Century Fox and convinced the studio to historically ground the film with original footage from the real Titanic. He put together a crew of Russian, US and Canadian scientists, film technicians, seafarers and historians and organized twelve diving trips in 1995, which were coordinated from the Russian research vessel Akademik Mstislaw Keldysch , the largest ship of its kind. With the two Mir submarines , two of only five existing submarines at the time, which could dive down to the Titanic at a depth of around four kilometers, and a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV), the wreck was to be explored with cameras. This mini submarine called Snoop Dog , which was specially constructed for the film, penetrated the interior of the ship, which no one had seen after the sinking. Everything had to be planned carefully, as the special cameras could only film twelve minutes per dive. After this experience, Cameron began writing the script .
A short time later, on September 1, 1995, production began. Harland & Wolff , the shipyard that once built the Titanic, opened their private archives and the crew were given access to blueprints that had previously been missing. For the interior of the ship, the team led by production designer Peter Lamont was looking for items from around 1912, the year the Titanic rammed the iceberg. However, everything had to be in new condition, or at least look like it, as the ship went down on its maiden voyage . The meticulousness went so far as hardly any other film before. Clothes, suitcases, dishes, interior fittings and the circumstances of the downfall were modeled on the originals or the real events down to the smallest detail. No expense was spared for this effort. The Titanic could have been rebuilt seaworthy by a shipyard in Gdansk for 25 million US dollars. However, Cameron preferred to work with more realistic special effects, which was twice as expensive.
In order to guarantee realistic outdoor shots, 20th Century Fox bought a 160,000 m² site on the Mexican Pacific coast in the state of Baja California and had the first fully functional film studio built on the American west coast on May 31, 1996. In four months, a film installation was built north of the town of Playas de Rosarito the size of a small town with extensive infrastructure and numerous studios.
The ground was blasted to prepare two large tanks - one with 64 million liters for a faithful replica of the Titanic that could be rotated at an angle of 270 °, and one with 22 million liters, in which the luxurious interiors of the 1st Class were established. The ship in the large tank was built to the exact scale, but Lamont had to make some compromises. For example, the lifeboats and chimneys were reduced in size by ten percent and superfluous parts of the superstructure and one of the front decks were removed so that they could later be replaced with models. The boat deck and the A-deck were working film sets , while the rest was just a steel structure that contained the platform with which the whole thing could be tilted for the doom scenes. In addition to its function as a construction crane, a 50-meter-high crane ensured the right lighting conditions and camera perspectives on a 120-meter track. After the relevant scenes had been filmed, the ship was dismantled and sold as scrap iron in order to reduce production costs somewhat.
occupation
Cameron asked Claire Danes if she would take on the role of Rose. However, she felt very exhausted after working on Baz Luhrmann's William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet and also thought the films were too similar. He also met with Gwyneth Paltrow about the role. Originally speaking , Billy Crudup , Stephen Dorff , Matthew McConaughey , Macaulay Culkin and Christian Bale played Jack . The choice finally fell on the American film actor Leonardo DiCaprio , who had been a household name in Hollywood at least since his Oscar nomination for Gilbert Grape - Somewhere in Iowa , and the British Kate Winslet , who until then was mainly in Great Britain through her role in Sense and sensuality was known. For both of them, the film should provide an enormous boost to awareness. DiCaprio became a teenage crush and was featured on numerous magazine covers, including the music magazine Rolling Stone . He was one of the most wanted people in the early years of the Internet and was now also in demand in Hollywood. This was followed by popular films such as The Man in the Iron Mask (1998), The Beach (2000), Gangs of New York (2002), Catch Me If You Can (2002) and Aviator (2004). Unimpressed by the success, Kate Winslet continued to sign with low-budget films such as Marrakech (1998) and Holy Smoke (1999) and was awarded the Oscar for Best Actress in 2009 for her role in The Reader .
For the other roles, too, it took a while to find the right cast for the film. Molly Brown was originally supposed to be played by country singer Reba McEntire , who had to cancel due to scheduling reasons. The choice fell on Kathy Bates . While it was too expensive for the 20th Century Fox production studio, with wages of $ 600,000, Cameron helped out out of pocket because he thought she was the ideal cast. Rob Lowe or Jack Davenport were originally supposed to play Cal Hockley, with Davenport eventually being judged to be too young. Instead, Billy Zane got the role. Cameron had favored Fay Wray to play the old Rose, but she found participating in such a project too strenuous. Even Ann Rutherford refused and so the then 86 year old was Gloria Stuart committed.
The role of Brock Lovett was taken over by Bill Paxton , who was a friend of Cameron, as a replacement for a no longer available actor just before shooting began and without having read the script beforehand.
With David Warner in the role of Cal's valet Spicer Lovejoy , an actor who had already appeared in SOS Titanic (1979) was hired . Bernard Fox had already starred in the 1958 film The Last Night of the Titanic , when he played the lookout Frederick Fleet. A total of 93 actors, 67 companies and 1294 members of the film team worked on the film.
Filming
The academy Mstislaw Keldysch , which was already used as a research ship for the diving expedition, was used in July 1996 to record the present-day scenes at the beginning and end of the film . During this filming, a to this day unknown person mixed the designer drug phencyclidine into the crew's food, which ended up in the hospital for many members of the team, including Cameron. In September 1996 the actual filming began in the newly built Fox Baja Studios.
There the scenes on the poop deck of the ship were filmed using a special technique. With a joint , the entire stern could be set up up to 90 ° in a few seconds. For the safety of the stuntmen , many props were made of foam . The opening scenes were filmed on November 15, 1996. Cameron had the Titanic erected on the starboard side only , as the predominantly north wind blew the smoke from the funnels so that it looked as if the ship was going. However, the team had problems showing the ship on its departure from Southampton because its port side was on the quay . The production team came up with a curious solution. Labels on props and costumes were mirrored , and someone who was scripted to go to the right walked the other way. Only in the post-production of the film was the material corrected by mirroring.
The schedule provided for 138 days of shooting, which soon grew to 160. Many actors caught colds , influenza or kidney infections after filming for hours in cold water, including leading actress Kate Winslet . Some performers left the team and three stuntmen had broken bones. An investigation by the Screen Actors Guild came to the conclusion that everything on the set was intrinsically safe . Cameron has never apologized for demanding such demands on his employees, but he admitted the somewhat tougher approach: “I am demanding and I challenge my crew. As far as my somewhat military style is concerned, I am convinced that dealing with thousands of extras, complex logistics and ensuring that people are not harmed goes very much in this direction. I think you have to use strict methods when dealing with so many people. "
Special effects
The smaller tank with a capacity of 22 million liters was equipped with a huge hydraulic system, with which, in addition to the first-class dining room, the large open staircase could be completely lowered into the tank at a speed of 30 cm per minute. The staircase was torn from its steel anchorage on the first attempt, but nobody was harmed. When the front of the Titanic's 223-meter-long exterior was about to be lowered into the larger tank, it turned out to be the heaviest part of the ship, acting like a kind of shock absorber on the water. In order to get the construction into the water, Cameron emptied many areas of the set and smashed some window panes on the ship promenade with his own hands. After the dining room was flooded, the team spent three days filming treasure hunter Lovett's remote-controlled underwater vehicle as it explores the ship in the present. The scenes after the sinking in the Atlantic were filmed in a 1.3 million liter tank, the smallest in production, with the lifeless bodies floating in the water being prepared with a special powder that crystallizes on contact with water . This powder and the use of wax on hair and clothing gave the actors their frosty appearance.
Cameron wanted to advance the possibilities of visual effects with this film and commissioned his own modeling studio Digital Domain to further develop the achievements from his films Abyss - Abyss of Death and Terminator 2 - Day of Reckoning . It was particularly about the realistic representation of water, since it was primarily to be created digitally. Conventionally, water was usually filmed reduced in size in order to imitate larger water masses in slow motion , which did not seem very convincing. Instead, Cameron encouraged his team to film a 13-meter-long model with motion control and later add water and smoke digitally. A calculation algorithm was adopted by the military for the digital implementation . To further perfect the illusion, additional extras were filmed on a stage with motion detection. Visual Effects Supervisor Robert Legato scanned the faces of actors, his own and those of his children, to breathe life into digital people. There was also a 20-meter model that could break in two repeatedly. It was the only miniature that could be used in the water. For the scenes in the engine room, film material from suitable rooms of the SS Jeremiah O'Brien was used and completed by miniatures and actors that were filmed in front of a green screen. In order to save money, the 1st class lounge was only made as a miniature and later combined with green screen recordings. 60 computers running a Linux operating system were used to render the scenes .
cut
When the rough cut of the film was finished, Cameron was not particularly satisfied with the end of the film. In this version, Lovett sees old Rose go to the rail of the research ship. He mistakenly assumes that she wants to jump into the water and comes to her aid with Rose's granddaughter Lizzy. Rose wants to throw the diamond into the water, and the crew that has since arrived is appalled. While Rose talks about the emotional significance of the jewel for her, Lovett begins to understand the old lady. Rose then throws the diamond into the water. Cameron thought the audience had lost sight of Lovett too much to care too much about him. Also, after the dramatic sinking of the Titanic and the very emotional part in which Jack dies, he didn't want to accept a scene that is so diplomatic and humorous.
During the first test demonstrations, the then much longer scene in which Jack and Rose are chased over the ship by Lovejoy was criticized. In it, Cal promises his servant Lovejoy the heart of the ocean if he should succeed in killing Jack and Rose. Lovejoy then goes into the dining room of the sinking ship and looks for the couple. It was noted that, given the sinking ship, it seemed strange to risk one's life for mere wealth. Cameron eventually skipped the scene to streamline the film.
When Cameron finally handed the film over to Paramount Pictures film studio , which administered US rights, it was three hours long. Cameron knew that the studios would insist on cutting the film by hand, and he announced, "You only cut my film over my corpse." However, he later admitted he wasn't sure if the film would be a success.
Soundtrack
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Chart positions Explanation of the data |
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| Singles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cameron originally wanted to engage the Irish singer Enya for the music of his film and had already used her music in a rough cut of the film. However, after she canceled and also turned down Dolores O'Riordan , front singer of the rock group The Cranberries , because of the birth of their son, Cameron turned to the American film composer James Horner . After their first collaboration in Aliens - The Return (1986), their relationship was rather cold, but Horner's work on Braveheart convinced Cameron and Horner said the project had enough potential to work with Cameron again. James Horner composed music that is very much based on the Irish style of Enya. In order to imitate their echoing sound, the Norwegian singer Sissel Kyrkjebø was hired for the wordless, atmospheric background chants in the soundtrack . So it happens that there are many similarities between the soundtrack to Titanic and Enya's song “Book of Days” from the film In a Far Land (1992).
Celine Dion sang the theme song My Heart Will Go On , composed and written by Horner and Will Jennings . Initially, Cameron didn't want a song for the credits, but Horner sat down with Jennings to produce a song with Jennings without Cameron's knowledge. When Horner finally played the piece to Cameron, he was ready to use the song, which later won Oscar and grammar awards, in the credits of the film. Author Paula Parisi later criticized Cameron for "becoming commercial at the end of the film". The demo was used for the album and the radio version , which is unusual. Horner, Dion and Sony Music decided to keep the demo recording as an official recording because "Dion's voice was perfect". An instrumental version of My Heart Will Go On is the love theme "Rose" in the film.
In addition, other artists were invited to contribute songs for the film, including the Christian songwriter Michael W. Smith , who wrote in the cover notes for his song In My Arms Again from his CD Live the Life (1998): “Inspired and written for the film Titanic, thankful for the opportunity to send you a song, grateful that it ended up on this album. ”On the piece Hymn to the Sea , Eric Rigler of the Celtic band Bad Haggis played both the Irish bagpipes and also the flute .
The album became the best-selling, all-orchestral film score in history in the United States, selling over eleven million copies - notable as there is only one pop song on the soundtrack. The soundtrack rose from eleven to one on the Billboard 200 in January 1998 . The album was supposed to stay there for 16 weeks. No album had previously held first place for more than ten weeks. The soundtrack was also a success in Great Britain and Poland. It took 1st place in the UK album charts. The soundtrack was also released as one of the few in its genre as a hybrid super audio CD.
Awards for music sales
| Country / Region | Award | Sales |
|---|---|---|
| Awards for music sales (country / region, Award, Sales) |
||
 Argentina (CAPIF)
|
 platinum
|
60,000 |
 Australia (ARIA)
|
5 × platinum
|
350,000 |
 Belgium (BEA)
|
3 × platinum
|
150,000 |
 Germany (BVMI)
|
 5 × gold
|
1,250,000 |
 Europe (IFPI)
|
5 × platinum
|
(5,000,000) |
 France (SNEP)
|
 diamond
|
1,000,000 |
 Hong Kong (IFPI / HKRIA)
|
platinum
|
20,000 |
 Canada (MC)
|
diamond
|
1,000,000 |
 New Zealand (RMNZ)
|
platinum
|
15,000 |
 Netherlands (NVPI)
|
7 × platinum
|
700,000 |
 Norway (IFPI)
|
2 × platinum
|
80,000 |
 Austria (IFPI)
|
2 × platinum
|
100,000 |
 Poland (ZPAV)
|
7 × platinum
|
700,000 |
 Sweden (IFPI)
|
2 × platinum
|
160,000 |
 Switzerland (IFPI)
|
4 × platinum
|
200,000 |
 Spain (Promusicae)
|
4 × platinum
|
400,000 |
 United States (RIAA)
|
11 × platinum
|
11,000,000 |
 United Kingdom (BPI)
|
3 × platinum
|
900,000 |
| All in all |
1 × gold 50 × platinum 3 × diamond |
17,445,000 |
The album's success led to the release of a second album version for the video release of the film on August 25, 1998. The album Back to Titanic consists of a mixture of previously unreleased recordings and new recordings of some songs from the film, including one by Moya Brennan , Enya's sister and lead singer of Irish band Clannad , recorded track. With An Irish Party in Third Class part of the of was Gaelic Storm played traditional Irish music published. There is also a new version of My Heart Will Go On , which is accompanied by dialog.
The pieces of music played by the on-board orchestra in the film do not belong to the actual soundtrack. The I Salonisti , who embody the orchestra and also played the music themselves, released these pieces on their album And the Band Played on - Music played on the Titanic .
German voice actors
The German dubbing was based on a dialogue book by Sven Hasper under his dialogue direction on behalf of Interopa Film GmbH in Berlin .
| actor | role | German voice |
|---|---|---|
| Leonardo DiCaprio | Jack Dawson | Gerrit Schmidt-Foss |
| Kate Winslet | Rose DeWitt Bukater | Ulrike Stürzbecher |
| Frances Fisher | Ruth DeWitt Bukater | Kerstin Sanders-Dornseif |
| Billy Zane | Caledon "Cal" Hockley | Torsten Sense |
| David Warner | Spicer Lovejoy | Lothar Blumhagen |
| Danny Nucci | Fabrizio de Rossi | Tommaso Cacciapuoti |
| Kathy Bates | Margaret "Molly" Brown | Regina Lemnitz |
| Eric Braeden | John Jacob Astor | Norbert Langer |
| Charlotte Chatton | Madeleine Astor | Schaukje Könning |
| Michael Ensign | Benjamin Guggenheim | Frank-Otto Schenk |
| Bernard Hill | Captain Edward John Smith | Gerhard Paul |
| Ewan Stewart | William M. Murdoch | Michael Nowka |
| Jonathan Hyde | Joseph Bruce Ismay | Bernd Rumpf |
| Victor Garber | Thomas Andrews | Helmut Gauss |
| Gloria Stuart | Rose # 2 DeWitt Bukater (Old Rose) | Tilly Lauenstein |
| Bill Paxton | Brock Lovett | Thomas Fritsch |
| Lewis Abernathy | Lewis Bodine | Michael Walke |
| Jason Barry | Tommy Ryan | Andreas Fröhlich |
| Jonathan Phillips | 2nd Officer Charles Lightoller | Udo Schenk |
publication
Figures in brackets are values adjusted for inflation
When Titanic was not yet completed by its actual submission date on July 2, 1997, tension rose in the executive floors of the two film studios involved, 20th Century Fox and Paramount Pictures . The entire project had been a risky undertaking for 20th Century Fox because of its size. The cost of the film was originally estimated at around 150 million US dollars (238 million US dollars or 200.9 million euros / 216.2 million Swiss francs). During production it became apparent that there would be significantly more. In the end there were 200 million US dollars (318 million US dollars or 268.4 million euros / 288.8 million Swiss francs) excluding 40 million US dollars (64 million US dollars or 54 Million euros / 58.1 million Swiss francs) to book marketing costs, an enormous sum for the time. This makes Titanic one of the most expensive films ever made.
The studio bosses feared another “ Heaven's Gate ” . This very expensive film led to the sale of the United Artists studio as an economic failure . Doubts about Cameron's directorial style arose, his dismissal was in the room. However, at this advanced stage of production, 20th Century Fox couldn't just fire the guy holding the strings together without causing the whole project to fail. The film studio, which owned the international distribution rights and naming rights, sold the distribution rights in North America for 65 million US dollars (103 million US dollars or 86.9 million euros / 93.6 million Swiss francs) to the American production company Paramount Pictures. The rise in costs meant that Cameron later waived his salary as a percentage of the box office earnings, but received a bonus of US $ 20 million (US $ 32 million or EUR 27 million / 29 , 1 million Swiss francs) from 20th Century Fox.
Paramount finally postponed the release date by more than five months to December 19, 1997. It premiered on November 1, 1997 at the Tokyo International Film Festival, far from Hollywood. In Japan, Cameron had previously served a large fan base with his film Abyss - an advantage for Titanic . Although the New York Times rated initial reactions as "lukewarm", the film received high praise from the industry journal Variety . A little over a month later, the film also reached a larger audience. The film opened in US cinemas on December 19, 1997, and Great Britain followed suit just under a month later on January 23, 1998. In Germany the film was released on January 8, 1998, in other European countries such as France, Belgium or Switzerland on January 7th. The film was first shown on German free TV on December 25, 2000 on RTL .
After a little more than a year, the film was released on July 31, 1999 as a non-anamorphic widescreen single-disc DVD with no notable extras, after it had already garnered attention as the most successful video cassette to date. Paramount Pictures prepared accordingly for the expected rush due to the great success of the film with almost one million copies. The DVD developed into the best-selling film DVD in 1999 and early 2000. It was to be the first DVD in April 2000, of which more than a million copies were sold. At that time, less than five percent of all US households had a DVD player. Only later did director Cameron develop the desire to publish a much more extensive edition.
Six years after the original DVD release, a 3-DVD set was released in North America on October 25, 2005, which presents an anamorphic widescreen version of the film on two DVDs. Additionally, 29 previously unpublished, unused scenes, an alternate ending, a re- enacted 1912-style newsreel, and other extras can be viewed. Ed W. Marsh was originally commissioned to produce a two-hour retrospective , which Cameron removed from the DVD set after it was completed.
On November 7, 2005, an international two- or four-disc version of the film followed. The special edition with two DVDs includes the film with digitally processed 6.1 sound and three audio commentaries by James Cameron and the film crew. The third was voiced by the film's historical researcher, Ken Marschall. In addition, Celine Dion's music video for “My Heart Will Go On” is on the DVD. There are also three parodies with Ben Stiller among others . The Deluxe Collector's Edition with four DVDs contains all the extras of the 3-disc edition. The highlight of the fourth disc is the HBO special "Heart of the Ocean".
Republication in 3-D
As announced by Paramount Pictures , 20th Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment , James Cameron's Titanic was shown in cinemas worldwide as a 3-D re-release on April 6, 2012, almost 100 years to the day after the RMS Titanic left . The digital 3-D conversion cost 18 million US dollars (15.2 million euros; 16.3 million Swiss francs).
The worldwide box office earnings of the opening week amounted to 80 million US dollars, of which 27 million in the USA alone. On the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic on April 14, revenue from the original and 3-D versions of the film together exceeded the US $ 2 billion mark (EUR 1,688.2 million; Swiss CHF 1,816.7 million Francs). Previously, only Avatar - Departure for Pandora could cross this mark.
The official movie poster and trailer were released on November 16, 2011. The German premiere took place on April 5, 2012. Despite the ongoing promotion since November 2011, the republication initially did not meet the expectations placed on it. So Titanic 3D in the USA had to be content with number 3 in the cinema charts after the premiere weekend and thus rank behind The Hunger Games - The Hunger Games and American Pie: The Class Reunion . The film achieved the same ranking in Germany and Canada. In contrast, Titanic 3D pushed The Hunger Games off the top of the cinema charts in Switzerland and Great Britain, the home country of leading actress Kate Winslet . In Austria the film also reached number 1 on the cinema charts and outstripped the wrath of the titans . Mainly due to the income in China (already over 100 million US dollars or over 84.4 million euros or over 90.8 million Swiss francs), the film was sold for a total of 284.3 million US dollars (240 million euros). Euro; 258.2 million Swiss francs) outside the United States initially the most successful film of the year, until it was released by Marvel's The Avengers (790.2 million US dollars or 667 million euros or 717.8 million Swiss francs) was exceeded. With a total of 342 million US dollars (288.7 million euros; 310.6 million Swiss francs), the 3-D re-release of Titanic is by a clear margin (2nd place: The Lion King 3D , 177.6 million US Dollars or 149.9 million euros or 161.3 million Swiss francs) the most successful 3-D republication to date (as of November 17, 2012).
As part of this 3-D re-release, the film is also available on Blu-ray Disc for the first time since September 24, 2012 . Titanic was released as a 2-D and 3-D version. The bonus material corresponds to the four-disc edition from 2005.
analysis
Visual style
In addition to Cameron's endeavors to create a perfect illusion of the setting through backdrops , costumes and CGI , the director prefers to use staging means to create objects of identification for the audience in his two main characters. The often used subjective shots serve this purpose , for example when Jack lets his gaze wander over the grandeur of the stairwell during his visit to 1st class or when the camera is literally pulled down with the protagonists when the Titanic sinks.
Cameron repeatedly uses the colors red and blue in the color scheme . Marschall analyzes: "Red and blue alternate scenically like the emotional highlights of the film: love and hate, warmth and cold, belonging and distance, sympathy and class-specific arrogance." This highlighting of dualities is particularly visible in the love scene at the bow of the ship . The color of the sea changes several times from red to blue and back again, according to Marschall a " beauty of the play of colors bordering on kitsch ", which visualizes Rose's struggle for freedom and independence and at the same time the danger that lies therein.
dramaturgy
Marschall sees the dramaturgy of the film as "an ingenious combination of catastrophe and love story, which is maintained down to the finest ramifications on the motivic level". In a “carefully composed exposition”, each storyline gets its own opening scene. The parallel narrative style is consistently maintained until the end, which is also narrative.
The levels of time and narrative are deliberately broken up again and again through a documentary -like framework that is located in the present . The voiceover of the old rose suggests to the viewer, according to Töteberg, "to participate in a personal report". In Marschall's opinion, the framework serves “to relativize the terrible ending”, in that the viewer can always be certain that the heroine will survive. At the same time, the director builds a bridge to the present and shows in the motif of the wreck search that the fateful causes of the catastrophe - the blind scientific ambition and the greed for money - still exist in the present.
The movie's problems are borne by Rose while Jack is the one who goes after them. The antagonist is played by Cal. He faces both Jack and Rose directly. He rekindles Rose's problems and undermines Jack's dramaturgical function of "problem-solving" by rejecting his solution approaches through avoidance or prevention. In addition, Cal counteracts the emotional nature of Rose in control - also as a counterpart to Jack's uncontrolled nature.
Themes and motifs
The Titanic disaster was filmed nine times before the Titanic was released. As with its predecessors, the Titanic is "the ship of dreams, hope, millionaires, a symbol of belief in progress, the age of technology, class society [and] the patriarch". Töteberg calls the film "a Romeo and Juliet variant in which love is not opposed to family but to social hurdles". A rigid class society thus serves as the background for the love story , which the two lovers have to overcome in a rebellious, almost revolutionary way in order to find each other. Cameron takes a clear position against the hierarchical structure represented by the ship classes and for the rights of the underprivileged. Töteberg states that Cameron criticizes "the outdated hierarchies of an [...] upper class and sympathizes with Irish immigrants like Jack, who hope for equal opportunities in America".
Rose has to do an active act of self-liberation. Marschall explains: "Again and again Rose has to actively choose between love and prosperity, between risk and safe rescue, between the dangerous independence and her role as a sugar doll under the yoke of bourgeois prostitution through money marriage." This liberation process is a main reason for Töteberg why the film is so attractive, especially for young girls. All issues of female puberty are taken up by Rose. On the maiden voyage of a ship, she experiences the separation of the cord from her parents and the discovery of her own, self-confident sexuality.
In Töteberg's opinion, the topic of awakening sexuality is reflected in the symbolism of the narrative elements of the film. Töteberg states: "The iconography and imagery of the film clearly have sexual connotations." In his opinion, the breaking open of the hull through the iceberg represents the girl's fear of injury, the immersion of the hull into the depths of the boy's fear of penetration.
The philosopher Slavoj Žižek even suggests an interpretation that reinterprets the catastrophe as the answer of Lacan's “real” to Rose's situation: Rose subconsciously suspects that she will not be happy with either the rich Cal or the have-not Jack in America. When she has sex with Jack, she breaks the social order and thus brings about the real (the iceberg). The catastrophe allows her to evade both men, but take Jack's name. She can mature internally and free herself.
The contrast to the romantic love story is the theme of the fateful belief in technology that the male protagonists adhere to. Marschall analyzes: "On the Titanic, the symbol of the male fantasy of omnipotence and the technological dream of a modern world that delusively believed that it could cope with every natural phenomenon, the phantasm of a female act of liberation takes place on film." Marschall the recipe for success of the film: "Catastrophe, individual revolt and a new beginning in life go hand in hand."
Film music
James Horner and James Cameron quickly agreed that a "great dramatic orchestration like in Hollywood of the 1940s" would not help the film and that music of the time was not suitable either. Instead, the film music for Titanic consists largely of synthesizer and choir elements, which are supported by classical orchestral interludes. Horner mainly uses female singing voices, for example in "A Life So Changed". He also supports the topic of Irish immigrants in the film with the use of Irish folk music . Their liveliness should be musically clearly different from the "educated salon music of the 1st class".
There are essentially four important themes used in the film. There is the main theme for the Titanic before the collision with the iceberg, separate themes for Jack and Rose and their love theme "Rose". Horner laid out the four themes in such a way that they “can be played simultaneously and interact with one another”.
During the downfall scenes, the film music takes on a dramaturgical function and, among other things, it builds up suspense. The focus here is on the survival of man and machine. Julie Olsen, renowned music graduate from Eau Claire University in Wisconsin : “Tension is not only built up with an ostinato , but also with sudden, amplified tones. This shows that the ship and its passengers will not go down without fighting. ”Here Horner wants to“ emphasize and anticipate the emotional story ”.
reception
Gross profit
After the film opened in the United States on Friday, December 19, 1997, box-office profits rose to over $ 28.5 million on Sunday. Sales tripled within the next week and even three months after the premiere there was a great response - the cinemas were still sold out. It took 15 weeks for the result for each week to drop by 50 percent. Usually the rate is around 40 percent per week. In late March 1998, Titanic became the first film to gross more than $ 1 billion. Many saw Titanic multiple times and the accompanying soundtrack and film book James Cameron's Titanic became successful sales items. The book was at the top of the New York Times bestseller list for several weeks - the first time an accompanying book had received so much attention.
Titanic grossed around $ 1.8353 billion, making it the most successful film in film history as of January 26, 2010 . It was only surpassed by the James Cameron film Avatar - Departure to Pandora , to whose success the new 3D technology contributed. Titanic is currently number 3 (as of August 8, 2020) in the list of the world's most successful films of all time.
Looking at the box office of the Titanic , taking account of inflation , the film has a worldwide box office earnings of 2.245 billion dollars behind Gone with the Wind (1939), Star Wars (1977) and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) to fourth place . In this constellation it is noticeable that Titanic is one of the most successful films of our time; because the top ten on the list are only four films that are not older than 30 years, of which the second most successful, Jurassic Park (1993), only had about half as much inflation-adjusted revenue as Titanic .
It is also noteworthy that Titanic earned almost 70 percent of its revenue outside of the United States and Canada. In Germany, the film is the second most successful film after Das Dschungelbuch (1967) with over 18 million viewers and 117 million euros in grossing. In numerous other European countries, Titanic ranks first on the respective national best lists, including France (20.6 million visitors), Switzerland (1.9 million visitors) and Spain (10.8 million visitors). In the UK, where the film grossed £ 68.5 million, it lost top position in 2008 to the musical adaptation of Mamma Mia! .
criticism
Titanic has been largely well received by critics and moviegoers alike, with opinions diverging about the film. Even before production was finished, observers criticized the film's immense production costs. At that time, even the production costs initially estimated at 150 million US dollars were not common as a film budget on this scale. It was also criticized that the protagonists in this film seem to be given more importance than the catastrophe itself. Added to this are historical inaccuracies, although Cameron attached great importance to this aspect. The film was also criticized for its increased kitsch factor, according to critics, and its trivial plot line. In a vote on the BBC show The Film Program , Titanic was named "Worst Film Ever", while the film was significantly named "Best Ending" according to a survey on the BBC website in 2003.
In the crossfire of the critics was above all the generously told love story between the two main actors, embodied by Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio, which only delayed the plot and inflated the film unnecessarily. Jeff Millar from the Houston Chronicle wrote: "When the ship the mountain rams, the one-hour-and-45-minute point, we will immediately for the base-narrative accessories from screenwriter James Cameron compensated - a ship's deck romance." Only at this turning point in the film do the film's strengths come into play, says the German program magazine TV Movie : "After 100 minutes the inferno finally begins, and now James Cameron is completely in his element [...] A true triumph of computer technology."
Steven D. Greydanus of the Decent Films Guide also believes that the film is too restricted to romance : "Perhaps the saddest thing about Titanic is its act of living out romantic ideals, while self-denying virtues such as honor, duty and heroism are excluded." On the other hand, there are also laudatory notes for the romantic mood of the film. For example, from Janet Maslin in the New York Times : "Cameron magically succeeds in bringing the young lovers together in his film, which is enchantingly played by Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet." The film is "possibly the most effective film of the year, which is also a thoroughly entertaining love story, ”says Scott Renshaw in Scott Renshaw's Screening Room .
The technical and craftsmanship implementation of the monumental size of the film was assessed positively. Critics compared the extent of Titanic to that of classic Hollywood epics like Ben Hur (1959) or Cleopatra (1963). The well-known film critic Roger Ebert said: “It is flawless craft, intelligently constructed, played sustainably and fascinating [...] Making films like this is not difficult, but it is almost impossible to do it well. The technical difficulties are so enormous that it would be a miracle when the filmmakers add drama and story to it. I felt convinced by both the story and the sad story. ”The German film magazine film-dienst also sees this tightrope walk as a success:“ Despite an almost manic fixation on a reconstruction of the ship and its interiors as true to the original as possible, as well as the gigantic effort more than a costume and catastrophe film: The pleasantly calm rhythm, sometimes outstanding actors and the artistic camera work turn the epic into a touching love story. "This is also the opinion of James Berardinelli:" Meticulous in detail, yet overwhelming in scale and intention , Titanic is the kind of epic movie that has become rare. You don't just watch Titanic , you experience it. ”Todd McCarthy of the industry journal Variety sees the film as“ a spectacular demonstration of how modern technology can contribute to dramatic storytelling ”. For Almar Haflidason of the BBC, the size of the film is its salvation. Although he criticized the “weak script with poor dialogue”, it was “difficult not to be carried away by the sheer splendor of the film” “despite the film's weaknesses”. The film magazine Cinema sees the film as "the monumental staging of a modern myth."
Others refer to the film as the climax of the sprawling commercial cinema. A trivial content is packed into breathtaking images with gigantic technical effort. The story spun around the downfall shines with lack of imagination, says Geoff Andrew of Time Out Magazine : "Apart from the ethics of such an expense in a film, this unprecedented extravagance has not led to a well-thought-out or at least satisfactory storyline." Kenneth Turan, film critic for the Los Angeles Times, agrees that dialogue is subordinate to optics : “What really causes tears is Cameron's insistence on believing that writing such films is within his means. It's not just a fallacy - it's not even close to the truth. "Barbara Shulgasser from the San Francisco Examiner only gave the film a star out of four and above all criticized the script:" The number of times the two main characters appear in this one Calling an incredibly poorly written script by its name is indicative of the fact that the script is fundamentally lacking in interesting dialogues that one could have instead. "A film review by Channel 4 Film says that in the course of the film one has moved far from" emotional triggers " removed and "survived whole sections with bad acting and script, but in the end Cameron still presses on the lacrimal gland".
The Oscar-winning score for the film by James Horner is one of his greatest successes and received mostly positive reviews. Julie Olson certifies Horner "one of the most difficult and sensitive scores of our time", which "thanks to its complexity and serenity achieves the perfect balance between tension and dissolution". On the other hand, some critics questioned whether the music, mainly realized with synthesizers, fits the historical ambience of the film.
influence
Titanic marked the peak of the enthusiasm for digital film technology at the time. Films like Jurassic Park (1993) or Independence Day (1996) had already exhausted the special effects for illusory worlds. Titanic was one of the first films to use the new technique for absolute realism. It was clear that the film would set less aesthetic than economic standards. Due to the size of the film, its hefty film budget, and its success, Titanic left its footprint on the society and history of the film. Titanic set a new orientation mark for subsequent Hollywood productions, so that large film studios have since been more willing to approve larger sums for film productions with high profit opportunities.
The presentation of the story of the Titanic and its protagonists was not without consequences. The film shows the first officer William McMaster Murdoch as a bribe and how he kills two passengers with a pistol shot and then judges himself. In Murdoch's hometown of Dalbeattie in Scotland , this called his nephew Scott Murdoch on the scene, who saw his uncle's reputation in danger and wanted to put the matter right. Accordingly, Murdoch had tried seriously to save as many lives as possible. A few months later, Fox Vice President Scott Neeson went to Dalbeattie to make a personal apology and donate £ 5,000 to a memorial foundation dedicated to Murdoch. Cameron later apologized on the audio commentary on the DVD, but admitted that there were officers who fired to enforce the " women and children first " motto .
Even years after its release, Titanic is getting featured in film, television, and music. An example of this is the film Bruce Almighty (2003), in which lead actor Jim Carrey confronts an old lady with questions about the content of Titanic . Among other things, he accuses her of having Jack freeze to death by not letting him "on the door". Other films take up the scene in which Jack lets Rose “fly” with outstretched arms at the bow of the ship, mostly in connection with the sentence “I am the king of the world”, which, however, comes from another scene. Examples of this are the films Open Water 2 (2006) and Actually… Love (2003). Directors occasionally take up the scenery to emphasize the aspect of freedom, for example in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004). A similar final scene appeared in a 1991 film by Leos Carax, The Lovers of Pont-Neuf , with Juliette Binoche . In the film Ant-Man (2015), the protagonist blows up a Carbondale safe , which is said to be made of the same steel as the Titanic, by allowing water to penetrate and freeze it. He comments on this procedure with the fact that the iceberg and the Titanic also did not get along and everyone on board died. His accomplices comment on the radio that the old lady survived so that she can throw the piece of jewelry into the sea later.
Furthermore finds Titanic allusion in some television series and on television. Even advertising made use of the film. A commercial for the yellow pages was produced for American television in which the elder Rose throws the diamond into the water as in the film. Here she takes it out again to monetize the necklace. Slogan: "Make clever financial decisions". In 1998 there was a sketch on the US comedy show Saturday Night Live in which Bill Paxton and James Cameron play themselves. It's about a twisted version of the end of the film, where it turns out that Rose just made up the whole story. Cameron only deleted the wrong ending because the audience complained massively. Titanic also leaves traces musically. The band Hanson parodied the story structure of Titanic in their music video for the song "The River" . In the end, the elder Rose - who is played by Gloria Stuart as in the film - opens her CD player and throws a Hanson CD into the ocean.
Singer Britney Spears takes up the topic in her 2000 hit Oops! ... I did it again on. In the dialogue scene contained in the song, her lover hands her the diamond necklace and replies to her question that she believed the old lady had thrown it into the ocean that he would have brought it up for her.
Honors
The film was very successful in numerous film awards, although the major US film critic associations such as the Los Angeles Film Critics Association , the National Board of Review , the National Society of Film Critics and New York Film Critics Circle that time invariably Curtis Hanson L.A. Confidential the Gave preference.
Especially in the Oscar Awards 1998 saw Titanic for attention. The film won eleven trophies out of 14 nominations, breaking Ben Hur's existing record from 1959 (12 nominations). In 2004, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King won as many Oscars, but only had eleven nominations. Curiously, for the first time in the history of the Oscars, two actors were nominated at Titanic, Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart, to embody the same role in the film. It was not until 2001 that the film Iris was able to repeat the same feat, and by chance Kate Winslet was nominated as an actress here as well. Gloria Stuart is also the oldest Oscar nominee to this day, at the time of her nomination she was already 87 years old.
Titanic is also featured on five leaderboards by the American Film Institute because of its popularity and size . In a new edition of the 100 best American films of 2007 , the film lands in 83rd place. In the 100 best American thrillers , Titanic is in 25th place, in the 100 best American love films in 37th place, in America's 100 best movie songs it is enough for “My Heart Will Go On” for 14th place and the film quote “I am the king of Welt ”holds its 100th place among the 100 best movie quotes from US films .
The film won a People's Choice Award for best film and won numerous awards outside of the United States, including the Japanese Academy Award for Best Foreign Film . In total, Titanic garnered nearly 90 awards and 47 nominations from institutions around the world, the most important of which are listed below.
Golden Globes 1998
MTV Movie Awards 1998
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Blockbuster Entertainment Awards 1998
Sierra Awards 1998
Empire Awards 1999
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literature
- James Cameron: Titanic Storybook. James Cameron's illustrated screenplay . Burgschmiet, Nuremberg 1999, ISBN 3-932234-89-8 .
- Ed W. Marsh: James Cameron's Titanic . Burgschmiet, Nuremberg 1997, ISBN 3-932234-65-0 .
- Paula Parisi: James Cameron and "Titanic" - The Inside Story . Heyne, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-453-15138-0 .
- Hermann Kappelhoff: Matrix of feelings. The cinema, the melodrama and the theater of sensitivity . Vorwerk 8, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-930916-61-4 .
- Eckhard Pabst: Myths - Mothers - Machines. The universe of James Cameron . Ludwig, Kiel 2005, ISBN 3-933598-71-0 .
- Michael Töteberg : Titanic . In: Metzler Film Lexicon . 2nd Edition. JB Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2005, ISBN 3-476-02068-1 .
- Susanne Marschall: Titanic . In: Thomas Koebner (Ed.): Classic films . 5th edition. tape 5 . Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-15-030033-9 .
- Susanne Marschall: Titanic . In: Color in the cinema . Schüren, Marburg 2005, ISBN 3-89472-394-7 .
- Paula Parisi: “Titanic” and the Making of James Cameron . Orion, 1998, ISBN 0-7528-1799-X .
- Klaus Augustin: Titanic or: About the necessity of destructiveness in adolescence: Cameron's “Titanic”, interpreted as a daydream . In: Theo Piegler (Ed.): “I see something that you don't see” - Psychoanalytical film interpretations . Psychosozial-Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8379-2034-5 .
- Randall Frakes : Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay . It Books, 1999, ISBN 978-0-06-095307-2 .
Web links
- Official website (English)
- Titanic in theInternet Movie Database(English)
- Titanic atrotten tomatoes(English)
- Comparison of film and history (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Release certificate for Titanic . Voluntary self-regulation of the film industry , January 2012 (PDF; 3D version).
- ↑ Age rating for Titanic . Youth Media Commission .
- ↑ Guinness World Records 2004, p. 154
- ↑ a b c d Marsh, pp. V-xiii
- ↑ a b c d e Marsh, pp. 3-29
- ↑ a b James Cameron. 2005. Deep Dive Presentation (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
- ↑ Stefan Krempl: Hollywood is a lousy business . 1998. heise.de
- ↑ Liz Beardsworth: Q & A: Claire Danes . In: Empire , January 2, 2006, p. 79.
- ^ Biography Internet Movie Database
- ^ Billy Crudup: Titanic Would've Sunk My Life . Internet Movie Database , July 22, 2000
- ↑ Actor Is Thankful He Didn't Get Titanic Role. In: Internet Movie Database. August 25, 1998, archived from the original on March 18, 2012 ; accessed on July 20, 2018 .
- ^ Matthew McConaughey. ( Memento of the original from January 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Vanity Faces
- ↑ Biography on netglimse.com
- ↑ Christian Bale. ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Vanity Faces
- ↑ DiCaprio ( Memento of May 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) on the cover of Rolling Stone , March 2, 2000
- ↑ Biography on CMT.com
- ↑ Trivia Rob Lowe tv.com
- ^ Trivia Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Fay Wray Quotes . icelebz.com
- ↑ Ann Rutherford Biography . Platinum Celebs
- ↑ James Cameron : Goodbye to My Friend Bill Paxton, a Talented, Kind and Damn Funny Man . In: Time from February 28, 2017
- ↑ Michael Schaudig: The end of the end. (PDF; 1.5 MB) In: montage / av 12/2/2003. 2003, p. 183 , accessed on February 19, 2009 (from Timothy M. Gray: H'wood movies extend their credit lines . In: Variety , April 24, 1998).
- ^ A b Andrew Gumbel: Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron . In: The Independent , January 11, 2007, Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron
- ↑ Jon Landau, Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, Victor Garber. Audio Commentary (DVD), 2005. 20th Century Fox.
- ^ Marsh, pp. 131-135
- ↑ Ed W. Marsh. (2005). Construction Timelapse (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
- ^ Marsh, pp. 52-53
- ^ Marsh, p. 163
- ^ Marsh, p. 38
- ↑ a b Marsh, pp. 148-154
- ↑ VFX Shot Breakdown (DVD), 2005. 20th Century Fox.
- ↑ VFX How To For First Class Lounge (DVD), 2005. 20th Century Fox.
- ↑ James Cameron. Alternative Ending Audio Commentary (DVD), 2005. 20th Century Fox.
-
↑ Chart sources for Titanic :
- Soundtrack / James Horner - Titanic. In: hitparade.ch. Hung Medien, accessed on March 18, 2018 (DE, AT, CH).
- Titanic. In: Officialcharts.com. Official Charts Company, accessed March 18, 2018 (UK).
- Soundtrack - Titanic, Chart History. Billboard, accessed March 18, 2018 (US).
-
↑ Chart sources for Back to Titanic :
- Soundtrack / James Horner - Back to Titanic. In: hitparade.ch. Hung Medien, accessed on March 18, 2018 (DE, AT, CH).
- Back to Titanic. In: Officialcharts.com. Official Charts Company, accessed March 18, 2018 (UK).
- James Horner - Back to Titanic, Chart History. Billboard, accessed March 18, 2018 (US).
-
↑ Chart sources for My Heart Will Go On :
- Celine Dion - My Heart Will Go On. In: hitparade.ch . Hung Medien, accessed on March 18, 2018 (DE, AT, CH).
- My Heart Will Go On. In: Officialcharts.com. Official Charts Company , accessed March 18, 2018 (UK).
- Celine Dion - My Heart Will Go On, Chart History. Billboard , accessed March 18, 2018 (US).
- ↑ Alex Kraus: Album 6 Preview. zombieguide.com ( Memento from January 5, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ a b c d Daniel Schweiger: Interview with Horner in Soundtrack! , Volume 16, Issue 64 from December 1997
- ↑ a b c d Ray Bennett: Interview with Horner in The Hollywood Reporter , Volume CCCL, Issue 41, January 1998
- ^ Parisi, p. 195
- ↑ Biography of Eric Rigler and his band Bad Haggis on worldmusiccentral.org
- ↑ Award in Argentina
- ↑ Award in Australia
- ^ Award in Belgium
- ↑ Award in Germany
- ↑ Award in Europe
- ^ Award in France
- ↑ Honored in Hong Kong
- ↑ Award in Canada
- ↑ Award in New Zealand
- ↑ Award in the Netherlands
- ^ Award in Norway
- ↑ Award in Austria
- ↑ Award in Poland
- ↑ Award in Sweden
- ↑ Award in Switzerland
- ↑ Award in Spain
- ↑ Distinction in the United States
- ↑ Award in the United Kingdom
- ↑ Titanic. In: synchronkartei.de. German synchronous index , accessed on July 20, 2018 .
- ^ "Titanic," Box Office Mojo
- ↑ Peter Hossli: Broken Faith. In: Hossli.com. December 31, 1997, accessed December 9, 2015 .
- ↑ James Cameron's Titanic . Media Awareness Network, accessed September 15, 2008
- ↑ Titanic film review ( Memento of the original from October 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dvdboard.de
- ^ Titanic Launch Reset. In: Internet Movie Database. May 28, 1997, archived from the original on September 6, 2011 ; accessed on July 20, 2018 .
- ↑ Titanic To Dock First In Japan. In: Internet Movie Database. September 30, 1997, archived from the original on March 24, 2012 ; accessed on July 20, 2018 .
- ^ Titanic No Big Deal In Tokyo. In: Internet Movie Database. November 4, 1997, archived from the original on April 23, 2012 ; accessed on July 20, 2018 .
- ↑ Jon Herskovitz: 'Titanic' deemed seaworthy in Tokyo . ( Memento of the original from December 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , variety.com, November 3, 1997
- ↑ Chronicle 2000. In: rtl.de. Retrieved September 22, 2015 .
- ↑ Preview . In: Der Spiegel . No. 52 , 2000 ( online ).
- ↑ News show KW 34 1999 ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dvdcheck.de
- ^ " Special editions go full steam ahead ". In: USA Today
- ↑ TITANIC - on April 6, 2012 worldwide in 3D - re-performance 100 years after the ship left . digitalvd.de. May 20, 2011. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
- ^ "Titanic" - on April 6, 2012 worldwide in 3D . ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Digital VD
- ↑ Retrieved April 11, 2012 for 3D republication .
- Jump up ↑ BoxOfficeMojo.com earnings from the 3D republication, accessed April 11, 2012.
- ↑ Theatrical revenues: Titanic cracks two billion mark . Handelsblatt .com
- ↑ Entry results of all 3D re-releases (English) accessed June 2, 2012.
- ^ "Titanic" from September 14th on Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3-D
- ↑ a b c d e f Susanne Marschall: Titanic . In: Koebner, p. 168
- ↑ a b Marshal: p. 240
- ↑ a b c d e Töteberg, p. 633
- ^ Pabst, p. 133
- ↑ Slavoj Žižek: The Aliens' Picnic . In: Lettre International , Winter 1998, p. 84.
- ^ Susanne Marschall: Titanic . In: Koebner, p. 166
- ↑ Hannes Raffaseder in a lecture summary "Filmmusik"
- ↑ a b Julie Olson: Titanic - An In Depth Analysis . ( Memento of the original from October 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Derek Boles: James Cameron's Titanic .
- ↑ Most successful film - "Avatar" dethrones "Titanic" . In: Handelsblatt of January 27, 2010
- ↑ Top Lifetime big things. Box Office Mojo, accessed August 8, 2020 .
- ↑ All Time Worldwide Box Office Big . Box Office Mojo
- ↑ 'Titanic' and 'The Lives of Others' most successful in Germany . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) presseportal.de, February 22, 2008, accessed on December 13, 2008
- ^ ABBA Sinks Titanic In UK at imdb.com, December 17, 2008; Retrieved December 18, 2008
- ↑ Titanic sinks in worst film poll . BBC News, November 5, 2003
- ↑ Titanic voted 'best' film ending . BBC News, October 15, 2003
- ↑ Jeff Millar: Jaw-dropping spectacle fills Titanic . ( October 12, 2007 memento on the Internet Archive ) In: Houston Chronicle , December 16, 1997, accessed December 23, 2008
- ↑ TV Movie , issue 01/1998
- ↑ Steven D. Greydanus: Titanic 1997 Decent film
- ↑ Janet Maslin : The New York Times
- ↑ Scott Renshaw: Titanic. Rotten Tomatoes , Scott Renshaw's Screening Room: "May be the year's most effective and consistently entertaining love story."
- ↑ Roger Ebert: Titanic . December 19, 1997
- ↑ film-dienst , issue 26/1997
- ^ Film review , James Berardinelli
- ^ Todd McCarthy: Film Review. In: Variety , November 3, 1997
- ^ Almar Haflidason: film review . BBC, December 19, 2000
- ↑ Cinema , issue 01/1998
- ↑ Geoff Andrew: Film review on timeout.com
- ↑ Kenneth Turan: Titanic Sinks Again (Spectacularly) . In: Los Angeles Times , December 19, 1997
- ↑ Barbara Shulgasser: Titanic filmmakers should have sunk more money into the script . sfgate.com, December 19, 1997
- ^ Film review ( memento of April 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) of Channel 4 Film, accessed on February 24, 2008
- ↑ Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero . BBC News, Jan. 24, 1998
- ↑ Titanic makers say sorry . BBC News, April 15, 1998
- ↑ James Cameron. Audio Commentary (DVD), 2005. 20th Century Fox.
- ↑ Overview of the awards for Titanic , Internet Movie Database
