Dion (Central Macedonia)

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Local community Dion
Τοπική Κοινότητα Δίου
(Δίον)
Dion (Central Macedonia) (Greece)
Bluedot.svg
Basic data
Country GreeceGreece Greece
region Central Macedonia
Regional district Pieria
local community Dion-Olympus
Parish Dion
Geographic coordinates 40 ° 10 ′  N , 22 ° 29 ′  E Coordinates: 40 ° 10 ′  N , 22 ° 29 ′  E
Height above d. M. 29  m
average
surface 31.375 km²
Residents 1424 (2011)
LAU-1 code no. 11020304
Local division 2

Dion ( modern Greek Δίον ( n. Sg. ), Ancient Greek Δῖον ) is a village in the municipality of Dion-Olymbos in the south of the Greek region of Central Macedonia and together with Platanakia forms the local community of the same name Dion .

After the heyday from the 4th century BC As the religious center of the Kingdom of Macedonia , Dium arrived in the middle of the 2nd century BC. Under Roman rule , was around 30 BC. BC under Augustus as Colonia Iulia Augusta Diensis Roman colony and during the late antiquity bishopric, then the city increasingly lost importance. Finds from the excavations in the Dion Archaeological Park are presented in the Dion Archaeological Museum .

The name Malatria is first documented for the modern place from Ottoman times at the end of the 15th century AD . The village was renamed Dion in 1962 from Malathria after the adjacent ancient city and archaeological site.

location

The local community of Dion occupies an area of ​​31.375 km² in the south of the municipality of Anatolikos Olymbos . The area extends along the border with the municipality of Litochoro in a narrow strip about 2 km wide and about 16 km long from the Macedonian coastal plain to the south-west, where a source river of the Pelekas and a north-south ridge of Mount Olympus form the natural border Form Thessaly . At Mount Olympus, the terrain rises to over 2000 m above sea level. Neighboring local communities in the north are Karitsa and Vrondou.

The village of Dion is located in the east of the local community in the coastal plain between the rivers Ourlias in the north and Xidias in the south Platanakia one kilometer south. The archaeological site of the ancient city is located immediately to the east of the local development.

history

Previous archaeological findings and written sources prove the existence of Dion in the 5th century BC. BC Thucydides first mentioned Dion in the meaning of 'city' ( πόλισμα ) under the rule of Perdiccas II , when the Spartan general Brasidas on his march from Thessaly coming to Macedonia in the summer of 424 BC. Reached during the Peloponnesian War . Under Perdiccas' son Archelaos I , the introduction of Macedonian games with athletic and musical competitions in honor of Zeus and the nine muses established the rise to the religious center of the Macedonians . Later Philip II celebrated the victory over Olynth here . Before the Alexanderzug , his son Alexander the Great sacrificed to the gods and organized a nine-day festival.

Due to its location in the south of Macedonia, Dion was a strategically important city and enabled control over the then approximately 1.5 km narrow coastal strip and the routes from the Tempe valley in the south via Herakleion and Pydna further north to Veria and to Pella , the ancient capital of Macedonia , as well as the mountain passes between Macedonia and Thessaly from east to west. However, there was no natural fortification, only the then navigable river Vaphyras ran east of the city and formed a marsh area in the coastal plain towards the Thermaic Gulf . Under Kassander at the end of the 4th century BC. And the beginning of the 3rd century BC One of the few newly founded Hellenistic cities with a rectangular fortification plan. In connection with the construction of the strong city fortifications with defense towers at regular intervals, the road network was rebuilt and monumental buildings were erected. The conglomerate of nearby Olympus was used for the foundation of the defensive wall . The main streets are directly connected to the city gates. The rectangular new complex with a circumference of more than 2,600 meters covered an urban area of ​​43 hectares.

The fortifications, the city and many sanctuaries were made by Skopas, the military leader of the Aitolian League in 219 BC. Destroyed in the alliance war against Philip V. Presumably shortly after this destruction, the razed town fortifications were repaired. Before the Battle of Kynoskephalai in 197 BC Dion was the base of Philip V's troops. The Roman consul Quintus Marcius Philippus occupied 169 BC. BC Dion in the third Macedonian-Roman War without a fight. The following year, Perseus' defeat at the Battle of Pydna led to the end of the Macedonian Antigonid dynasty . Macedonian independence ended in 146 BC. It became the Roman province of Macedonia . By Alexander the Great in Lysippos commissioned 25 equestrian statues in honor of his fallen comrades at the Granicus was Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus bring to Rome.

After the Battle of Actium and the fall of the Egyptian Empire , Dion arrived around 30 BC. Under Roman rule . The founding of Colonia Iulia Augusta Diensis by Augustus is documented by a dedication inscription and coins dating back to 27 BC. Carrying Augustus' portrait along with the name of the colony. Along with Philippi, Pella and Kassandria, Dion was one of four Roman colonies in Macedonia. It extended from the western foothills of Mount Olympus to the Aegean Sea and from the Tempe Valley in the south to the Pydna plain in the north. Dion experienced a heyday that lasted until the beginning of the 3rd century AD. Attacks by the Goths and turmoil within the Roman Empire from the middle and especially towards the end of the 3rd century AD resulted in Dion's economic decline.

After the fortification gradually fell into disrepair after Perseus' defeat, it was probably rebuilt in the second half of the 3rd century AD. Mostly built on the existing foundations, it enclosed an area of ​​around 37 hectares. In early Byzantine times Dion was one of the most important cities of Pieria and the seat of a bishopric. During this time, the course of the city fortifications was changed again significantly. An earthquake is believed to be responsible for the sudden destruction of the city in the early 5th century. Repair work on the two basilicas shows that they were used in the 5th century. Settlement activities up to the 8th century can be verified through previously unpublished coin finds and other building measures, especially at the Bishop's Church.

Modern times

The English archaeologist William Martin Leake reported in 1806 in Travels in Northern Greece about Malathria , as an estate of a Turkish landlord. The square with a fountain was surrounded on three sides by rows of houses, only one of which was inhabited. The area around the settlement was overgrown with wood and shrubbery, predominantly with common piercing thorns. In a small area not far from the houses that had been cleared by fire, Leake discovered the remains of the stadium and the theater of ancient Dion, as well as destroyed churches of a formerly important Christian village. In the rest of the area, the landlord's flocks of sheep grazed. The estate became public property in 1822 after the Gutsbitzer's death. The French archaeologist Léon Heuzey visited Dion in 1855 and again in 1861. From the first stay he described Malathria as a settlement of 25 to 30 simplest huts as “the most wretched hamlet I have ever seen in my life”. According to the travel notes of the Greek officer and engineer Nikolaos Schinas published in 1886, Malathria was inhabited by 300 families and had two churches. The nearby Kalyves Malathrias consisted of 60 to 70 huts and was inhabited by Christian farmers. Probably at the end of the 19th century, Sarakatsans from Kokkinoplo had established Kalyvia Malathria as winter quarters in Olympus .

In 2011 the Center for Literature and the Arts was founded.

Administrative history

The rural community of Dion was recognized by the prefecture of Thessaloniki in 1918 and became part of the prefecture of Pieria in 1949 . It initially consisted of the villages of Karitsa and the then Malathria called Dion, as well as two other settlements that no longer exist today. Malathria was spun off from Dion as a rural community in 1959 and Platanakia was recognized as a settlement in 1961. The renaming in Dion took place in 1962 and the elevation to the municipality in 1992. With the territorial reform in 1997 the place Dion became one of six municipal districts (Dimotiko Diamerisma) of the then municipality Dion . Since the administrative reform in 2010 , Dion and Platanakia have formed the Dion community ( Topiki Kinotita Diou Τοπική Κοινότητα Δίου ) in the Dion district of the Dion-Olymbos community .

Population development of Dion
Surname Greek name 1920 1928 1940 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Dion Δίον ( n. Sg. ) 144 231 514 688 910 1020 1080 1149 1336 1130
Platanakia Πλατανάκια ( n. Pl. ) 147 * 215 * 184 131 156 151 218 294
total 291 446 514 688 1094 1151 1236 1300 1554 1424

* as Kalyvia Malathrias

Economy and Transport

Traditionally, livestock and tobacco growing are among the most important sources of income for the population . Pastured sheep and goats provide milk for the cheese production of feta , kaseri and myzithra in a local cheese dairy. Due to falling demand, the cultivation of tobacco of the local Katerini variety is declining. During the last few years the cultivation of fruit crops and fruits has increased. The Kiwianbau is operated in Dion since the 1970s. Pieria is the most important growing area in Greece and has been registered in the European Union as a protected geographical indication under the name Aktinidio Pierias since 2002 .

The country road Katerini - Limena Litochoriou ( Επαρχιακή Οδός Κατερίνης - Λιμένα Λιτοχώρου ) runs through the town in a north-south direction , where in the south with the junction Dion there is a connection to the motorway 1 , the most important traffic artery in Greece.

literature

  • Charilaos E. Gouidis [Χαρίλαος Ευ. Γουΐδης]: Δίον / Μαλαθριά. Ενδείξεις της ιστορικής εξέλιξης ενός οικισμού. In: ΒΥΖΑΝΤΙΑΚΑ. Number 32, Thessaloniki 2015, ISSN 1012-0513, pp. 313–334.
  • Georgia Grekou [Γεωργία Γραίκου]: Ο ναός του Αγίου Δημητρίου στο αρχαίο Δίον. Αρχιτεκτονική και εντοίχιος διάκοσμος. Thessaloniki 2016, p. 284. Online (Greek)
  • Miltiades B. Hatzopoulos, Paschalis Paschidis: Makedonia . In: Mogens Herman Hansen , Thomas Heine Nielsen (Ed.): An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004. ISBN 0-19-814099-1 , pp. 800 f.
  • Asterios Koukoudis [Αστέριος Κουκούδης]: Οι Ολύμπιοι Βλάχοι και τα Βλαχομογλενά. Zitros [Ζήτρος], Thessaloniki 2001, ISBN 960-7760-54-9 , pp. 148–157.
  • Fanoula Papazoglou: Les villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine . In: École Française d'Athènes (ed.): Suppléments au Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique . Volume 16, Athens 1988, ISBN 2-86958-014-2 , pp. 108-111. On-line
  • Theodosia Stefanidou-Tiveriou: The Macedonian Dion and the rectangular city . In: Booklets of the Archaeological Seminar of the University of Bern . Volume 17, Bern 2000, pp. 49-76. On-line

Web links

Commons : Dion  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
  2. ^ Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War , 4.78.6
  3. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Books , 17.16.3
  4. ^ Diodorus Siculus, Books , 17.16
  5. ↑ Stefanidou-Tiveriou: The Macedonian Dion and the rectangular city . 2000, pp. 49-51.
  6. ↑ Georgia Galani [Γεωργία Γαλάνη]: Η νομισματική Μαρτυρία για τη ρωμαϊκή αποικία του Δίου από τον Αύγουστο έωΑσ. University of Thessaloniki 2016, pp. 9–15. PDF Online (Greek)
  7. ^ Papazoglou: Les Villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine . 1988, pp. 108-111.
  8. ↑ Theodosia Stefanidou-Tiveriou. In: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (ed.): Ανασκαφή Δίου. Τόμος 1: Η οχύρωση. Thessaloniki 1998, pp. 247-252. Online abstract
  9. ↑ Gouidis: Δίον / Μαλαθριά. Ενδείξεις της ιστορικής εξέλιξης ενός οικισμού. 2015, p. 331 f.
  10. ^ William Martin Leake: Travels in Northern Greece. Volume 3, J. Rodwell, London 1835, pp. 408-413. On-line
  11. ↑ Léon Heuzey: Le mont Olympe et l'Acarnanie: exploration de ces deux régions, avec l étude de leurs antiquités, de leurs populations anciennes et modern, de leur geographie et de leur histoire. Ministère de l'Instruction publique au ministère de d'État, Paris 1860, pp. 113–128. Online ; here p. 114. "C'est bien le plus misérable hameau que j'aie vu de ma vie."
  12. ↑ Nikolaos Schinas [Nικόλαος Σχινάς]: Οδοιπορικαί σημειώσεις Μακεδονίας, Ηπείρου, νέας οροθετικής γραμμής και Θες σσς και Θες Athens 1886, p. 42. Online Μαλαθρίαν (Greek)
  13. ↑ Nikolaos Schinas [Nικόλαος Σχινάς]: Οδοιπορικαί σημειώσεις Μακεδονίας, Ηπείρου, νέας οροθετικής γραμμής και Θες σσσς και Θεσς και Θες Athens 1886, p. 47. Online , Καλύβαι Μαλαθρίας (Greek)
  14. ↑ Γραίκου: Ο ναός του Αγίου Δημητρίου στο αρχαίο Δίον. Αρχιτεκτονική και εντοίχιος διάκοσμος. 2016, pp. 26–28.
  15. ↑ Nikos Nezis [Νίκος Νέζης]: Όλυμπος. Γεωγραφία-Φύση-Πολιτισμός-Περιήγηση-Ορειβασία-Αναρρίχηση-Τοπωνύμια – Βιβλιογραφία. Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία Ορειβασίας Αναρρίχησης / Hellenic Federation of Mountaineering & Climbing (ed.), Athens 2003, ISBN 960-8195-57-8 , p. 210 f.
  16. ↑ Μαλαθριά - Δίον, Μετονομασίες των Οικισμών της Ελλάδας (Greek)
  17. ↑ Κεντρική Ένωση Δήμων και Κοινοτήτων Ελλάδας (ΚΕΔΚΕ) Ελληνική Εταιρία Τοπικής Ανάπτυξης και Αυτοδιοίκησης (Ε.Ε.Τ.Α.Α.) (ed.): Λεξικό Διοικητικών Μεταβολών των Δήμων και Κοινοτήτων (1912-2001). Volume 1 (Τόμος Α, α – κ), Athens 2002, ISBN 960-7509-47-1 , p. 92 .; Κεντρική Ένωση Δήμων και Κοινοτήτων Ελλάδας (ΚΕΔΚΕ) Ελληνική Εταιρία Τοπικής Ανάπτυξης και Αυτοδιοίκησης (Ε.Ε.Τ.Α.Α.) (ed.): Λεξικό Διοικητικών Μεταβολών των Δήμων και Κοινοτήτων (1912-2001). Volume 2 (Τόμος Β, λ – ω), Athens 2002, ISBN 960-7509-47-1 , p. 70.
  18. ↑ Population of Dion 1928–2011 Greek Statistical Office ELSTAT, Digital Library ; Census 2011 (Greek)
  19. ↑ Karamitsos (English)
  20. ↑ Regulation (EC) No. 2066/2002 of the Commission, November 21, 2002 Online (PDF)