Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Bludow

Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Bludow ( Franz Krüger )

Dmitri Nikolayevich Bludow ( Russian Дмитрий Николаевич Блудов ; born 5 April ^jul. / 16th April  1785 ^greg. On the Bludow Manor Romanowo in Shuya , † February 19 ^jul. / 2. March  1864 ^greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian minister and man of letters .

Life

Bludow came from a noble family and lost his father Nikolai Jakowlewitsch Bludow at an early age. His mother Yekaterina Yermolajewna, daughter of the State Councilor Yermolai Vasilyevich Tischin, moved with him to Moscow , where he joined the Foreign Affairs Archives in 1800 . There he met the brothers Alexander and Nikolai Turgenew , Dmitri Daschkow and Filipp Wigel in particular . In 1801, the sixteen-year-old Bludow fell in love with the 24-year-old lady -in- waiting, Princess Anna Andrejewna Shcherbatowa (1777-1848), who was said to be similar to Grand Duchess Elisabeth Alexejewna . It was only with the help of Anna Pavlovna Kamenskaya, wife of Field Marshal Kamensky , who had taken on the role of mother for Bludow, that she married Anna Andreevna Shcherbatova in 1812. Four children were born.

Thanks to the protection of Anna Pavlovna Kamenskaya, Bludov was accepted into the service of the College of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg . As the cousin of the poet Wladislaw Oserow and nephew of the poet Gawriil Derschawin , he easily found access to the metropolitan writers. Together with Vasily Schukowski , he was one of the young writers who, as followers of Karamsin , fought with irony against the excessiveness of the Schischkow School. In 1815 Bludow, Daschkow and others founded the literary society Arsamas , in which Bludow was jokingly called Kassandra . After Karamsin's death, they completed the last unfinished volume in his history of the Russian state , with Konstantin Serbinowitsch Bludov's comments. Shortly before his death, Karamzin had drawn Nikolaus I's attention to Bludow's special abilities.

Bludow was counselor in Stockholm and Vienna and then charge d'affaires in London (1817-1820). After the Decembrist uprising in December 1825, Nikolaus I. Bludow appointed secretary in the trial against the Decembrists. With his careful indictment, he won the monarch's favor. After the process was completed in 1826, Bludow became State Secretary and representative of the Minister for Public Enlightenment and, together with him, General Manager for Foreign Confessional Affairs. In 1828, Bludow was appointed a privy councilor (third class ) for the establishment of Greek Uniate churches in Russia .

In 1830 Bludow led the Ministry of Justice for a few months for the absent Daschkov. In 1832 he became managing director of the Ministry of the Interior and in 1837 of the Ministry of Justice. In 1839 he became a real privy councilor (second rank) and chief executive officer of the second division of the Imperial Majesty's chancellery (as successor to Mikhail Speranski ), which was responsible for the Russian code . In addition, Bludow was a member of the State Council and chairman of the State Council Department for Laws. From 1840 he accompanied the Department of Affairs of the Kingdom of Poland . In 1842 he received the title of count. As chief executive of the second division, he edited two editions of the code (1842 and 1857). He was in charge of drawing up the Criminal Code of 1845. He was then awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First Called . In 1847 Bludow signed the Concordat with the Holy See . During the European Revolutions of 1848/1849 Bludow Nicholas I advised against closing the universities. After the death of Nicholas I, Bludow described his memory of the last hours of the emperor, which was translated into Polish , German , English and French .

Bludov became President of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences as successor to Sergei Uvarov (1855), the Jewish Committee (1856), the Children's Home Committee (1857) as well as Chairman of the State Council and Chairman of the Committee of Ministers as successor to Alexei Orlov (1862).

With the beginning of the great reforms of Alexander II , Bludow remembered his progressive ideas of his youth. He worked out a project for judicial reform with the separation of the judiciary from the executive branch . In 1857 he became a member of the committee for the preparation of the peasant liberation in Russia .

In 1859 Bludow was retired as a knight of the Order of St. Andrew the First Appointed (800 rubles annually). The literary world met in his home, and writers, including Lev Tolstoy , presented their works before printing .

Bludov was buried in the Tikhvin cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg. His life-long record was not made public. JP Kowalewski published extensive excerpts two years after Bludow's death. Carl Friedrich von Ledebour named the iris Iris bloudowii after Bludow in 1830 .

Honors

• Order of St. Andrew the First Called with diamonds
• Order of St. Vladimir I. Class
• Alexander Nevsky Order
• Imperial-Royal Order of the White Eagle
• Russian Order of Saint Anne I. Class

Web links

Commons : Familie Bludow  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Article Bludow Dmitri Nikolajewitsch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DBludow%20Dmitri%20Nikolajewitsch~2b%3DBludow%20Dmitri%20Nikolajewitsch
2. ↑ Brockhaus-Efron : Блудов (Дмитрий Николаевич).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Е.А. Мавлиханова: Дмитрий Николаевич Блудов - продолжатель истории Карамзина ( Memento of the original from August 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on August 2, 2017). 
4. ↑ Карабанов П. Ф .: Списки замечательных лиц русских . Унив. тип., Moscow 1860.
5. ↑ В. И. Саитов: Петербургский некрополь . Типография М. М. Стасюлевича, St. Petersburg 1912, p. 230 ( Блудов, граф Дмитрий Николаевич [accessed July 28, 2017]).
6. ↑ Dykes, William: Handbook of Garden Irises . 2009 ( beardlessiris.org [PDF; accessed July 28, 2017]).