Franz Kruger
Franz Krüger (born September 10, 1797 in Großbadegast , Anhalt , † January 21, 1857 in Berlin ), known as horse Krüger , was a German animal painter , portraitist and lithographer .
He was best known for his folk and true-to-life portraits and horse pictures, which made him one of the most important military and portrait painters in Berlin. His depictions of military parades contain hundreds of portraits, often showing large sections of the city's upper class.
Life
Krüger was born the son of a Anhalt civil servant and came into contact with animal painting at an early age through the ornithologist Johann Friedrich Naumann from the neighboring village of Ziebigk . During his school days in Dessau he got to know the landscape painter Carl Wilhelm Kolbe (called Eichen-Kolbe ). Krüger studied from 1812 to 1813 at the Berlin Academy of the Arts and then trained himself further by drawing from nature, especially in the royal Prussian stables . In 1818 his military and hunting paintings were exhibited in the academy for the first time. Portrait commissions from Prince August of Prussia (a son of Ferdinand of Prussia ) and Count Neidhardt von Gneisenau established his reputation as a portraitist. He subsequently portrayed a number of other members of the royal family. In 1825 he was appointed royal professor and a full member of the academy.
Several trips followed in 1836, 1845, 1847 and 1850/51 to the Russian Tsar's court in Saint Petersburg and to the courts of Hanover in 1839/40 and Schwerin in 1854. During a two-week study trip to Paris , he met Eugène Delacroix in 1846 . During the March Revolution in 1848 he retired to Dessau . In 1855 he took part in the Paris World Exhibition .
Since 1825 he was married to the artist Johanna Eunicke and lived at Behrenstrasse 63 in Berlin-Friedrichstadt . His wife died in 1856, and he himself died the following year of complications from a facial rose . Krüger was buried in the Dorotheenstadt cemetery in Berlin.
One of Kruger’s pupils was the animal painter Carl Steffeck , other pupils were Hermann Gemmel and Theodor Schloepke .
Works
- around 1815: August von der Goltz
- around 1817: Prince August of Prussia in the Empire Salon
- around 1818: Count Gneisenau with entourage
- around 1820: Major von Geusau
- 1822: Banker Wilhelm Christian Benecke with family
- around 1824: Eighteen chalk portraits of the closest family members of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. on his birthday on August 3, 1824
- 1824–1830: Parade on Opernplatz in Berlin . Made by order of Nicholas I.
- around 1830: Watercolor series with carriages of Prince Carl of Prussia
- around 1830: General of the Infantry Gustav von Rauch (portrait drawing)
- 1826: Colonel von Krafft ; Otto, Bernhard, Ferdinand a. Wilhelmine v. Bismarck-Schönhausen
- 1827: Nicholas I , Hermitage in Saint Petersburg
- 1829: Cuirassier parade
- 1829: Johann Georg Emil von Brause
- 1834: Laurette von Rauch , née Countess von Moltke (portrait drawing)
- 1835: Alfred von Rauch as an 11-year-old cadet in Potsdam (portrait drawing)
- 1836: Prince Wilhelm of Prussia rides out
- 1839: 1st Guards Regiment on foot
- around 1840: Gaston Lenthe
- 1841: Bernhard Romberg
- 1844: Tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm IV. In the Berlin Lustgarten on the occasion of his accession to the throne in 1840
- 1846: Friedrich Wilhelm IV. In his study
- 1847: Baron von Reitzenstein on horseback
- around 1847: Lieutenant General Friedrich Wilhelm von Rauch (pastel sketch)
- 1848: Handover of the VI. Brandenburg cuirassiers by Friedrich Wilhelm III. to the Grand Duke Nicholas in 1819
- 1849: The 1st Guard Regiment surrendered the regiment on foot
- 1850: The horse Agathon in the stable of the castle Glienicke , Glienicke , Berlin
- 1851: Two riders galloping , Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg
- 1852: Prince Carl of Prussia in general infantry uniform, Glienicke Palace, Berlin
- 1855: August Borsig
- 1855: Prince Woronzoff
- 1856: Field Marshal General Wrangel
- 1856: Portrait of Hans Heinrich XI. Prince of Pless , Pless Castle , Pszczyna
Honors
Krüger has a grave of honor for the city of Berlin in the cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder communities in Berlin-Mitte.
literature
- Kruger, Franz . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 21 : Knip – Kruger . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1927, p. 594-597 .
- Lionel von Donop : Krueger, Franz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1883, pp. 227-229.
- Renate Franke: Krüger, Franz. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , pp. 101-103 ( digitized version ).
- Renate Franke: Royal self-image versus bourgeois commissioned art. King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia and Franz Krüger's tribute picture. In: Foundation Prussian Palaces and Gardens Berlin-Brandenburg. Yearbook 1 (1995/1996), pp. 27-36. Digitized on perspectivia.net .
- Prussian correct - Berlin witty - the painter Franz Krüger (1797–1857). Exhibition catalog of the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Charlottenburg Neuer Flügel, Berlin 2007, Deutscher Kunstverlag, ISBN 978-3-422-06688-5 .
- Max Osborn: Franz Krüger. Ed. And with a foreword by Kerstin Englert. Mann, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-7861-1913-9 . (New edition of the book from 1910) ( archive.org )
- Margarete Cohn: Franz Kruger. Life and works. Theodor Schatzky GmbH, Breslau 1909 ( archive.org ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Franz Krüger in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by Franz Krüger at Zeno.org .
- Article Association for the History of Berlin
- Entry in the mdr database
Individual evidence
- ↑ Behrenstrasse 63 . In: General housing indicator for Berlin, Charlottenburg and its surroundings , 1850, part 2, p. 10.
- ↑ A permanent exhibition of Krüger's works can be found in the Historisches Museum Köthen.
- ^ Margarete Cohn: Franz Krüger. Life and works. Theodor Schatzky GmbH, Breslau 1909, p. 92.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Kruger, Franz |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Horse Kruger |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German animal painter and lithographer |
DATE OF BIRTH | September 10, 1797 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Grand bathers , Anhalt |
DATE OF DEATH | January 21, 1857 |
Place of death | Berlin |