Dmitri Pavlovich Ryabushinsky

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Dmitri Pawlowitsch Rjabuschinski (at the International Congress of Mathematicians 1932 in Zurich)

Dmitri Pavlovich Ryabushinsky ( Russian Дмитрий Павлович Рябушинский * October 18 . Jul / thirtieth October  1882 greg. In Moscow ; † 27. August 1962 in Paris ) was a Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Ryabushinsky was the seventh son of the old-believing businessman Pavel Mikhailovich Ryabushinsky . His mother Alexandra Stepanovna was the daughter of the rich grain merchant Stepan Tarasowitsch Ovssjannikow, who was sentenced to loss of freedom in 1874 for setting fire to a competitor. Ryabushinsky graduated from the Moscow Academy of Applied Commerce in 1901 with a gold medal.

In contrast to his brothers, Ryabushinsky did not join his father's family business, but devoted himself to science. With the support of Nikolai Jegorowitsch Schukowski , he founded the world's first aerodynamics institute in 1904 on his Kutschino estate near Balaschicha (today part of Schelesnodoroschnys ) , in which a wind tunnel was then built. In 1906 the first issue of the Bulletin of the Aerodynamics Institute in Kutschino appeared (5 issues until 1914 and a sixth in Paris in 1920). From 1908 to 1912 he studied at Moscow University . In 1911 he published a generalization of the Π-theorem . He then worked at Schukowski's chair for theoretical and applied mechanics . In 1916 he received his master's degree. As a private lecturer , he conducted the course for continuum mechanics and aerodynamics. In the academic year 1916/1917 he gave three lectures in the Moscow Mathematical Society . He dealt with cavitation and apparent Rayleigh - Paradox (Rayleigh Ryabushinsky Paradox). In 1917 he got a patent on the basis of the recoilless guns developed later . He invented the Rjabuschinski body for an approximate description of the separation of boundary layers in fluid mechanics .

When neighboring estates were set on fire after the October Revolution , Ryabushinsky sent his wife Vera Sergeyevna, née Sybina, and his three daughters abroad, but stayed to maintain the institute. Indeed, in April 1918, at Ryabushinski's request, the institute was nationalized and, with him as director, placed under the protection of the People's Commissariat for Education (in 1921 it was converted into the Moscow Institute of Space Physics to later become part of the State Research Institute of Geophysics ) . After being arrested by the Petrograd Cheka from October to December 1918, he managed to emigrate to Denmark and finally to France in 1919 . He never applied for French citizenship, but kept the Nansen passport of the Russian emigrants until his death. He gave invited lectures at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Strasbourg in 1920 , in Bologna in 1928 and in Zurich in 1932 . From 1923 he held lectures as a visiting researcher at the University of Paris . He was President of the Russian Philosophical Society and the Association for the Preservation of Russian Cultural Assets Abroad. He has published more than 200 professional articles. He was one of the founders of the Russian Technical University in France, whose chair for theoretical mechanics he headed from 1931. In 1932 he received a prize from the Académie des Sciences . In 1935 he was elected as a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences at the suggestion of Henri Villats . On the 220th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , he wrote to the President of the Academy that he also contributed to the strengthening and expansion of Russian science abroad.

Ryabushinsky was buried in the Russian cemetery of Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois . In September 1994, in Russia the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Aerodynamics Institute Kutschino celebrated what Rjabuschinskis youngest daughter Alexandra Dmitrievna Pakravan-Rjabuschinska from Switzerland with her children from France, the United States had been invited and Switzerland. On October 31, 2011, the Ryabushinsky monument by the sculptor Sergei Alexandrowitsch Jalos was inaugurated in Schelesnodorozhny .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Универсальная научно-популярная энциклопедия Кругосвет: РЯБУШИНСКИЙ, ДМИТРИЙ ПАВЛОВИЧ (accessed May 4, 2018).
  2. ↑ a b c d e В.Михеев: РЯБУШИНСКИЙ ДМИТРИЙ ПАВЛОВИЧ (18.10.1882, Москва, Россия - 27.08.1962, Париж, Франция) аэро- и гидродинамик, один из основоположников экспериментальной аэродинамики в России (accessed on 5 May 2018 ).
  3. ↑ Некрополь Российского научного зарубежья 2010–2018: [1] (accessed on May 5, 2018).
  4. ↑ a b c Dimitri Pavlovitch Riabouchinsky (1882–1962) - Mon arrière-grand-père paternel (accessed May 5, 2018).
  5. ↑ Музей предпринимателей, меценатов и благотворителей: РЯБУШИНСКИЕ - ЦЕЛАЯ ЭПОХА В ПРОМЫШЛИНОЙ (accessed May 1, 2018.
  6. ↑ Riabouchinsky D .: М éthode des variables de dimension zéro et son application en aerodynamique . In: L'Aérophile . 1911, p. 407-408 .
  7. ↑ Гуревич М. И .: Теория струй идеальной жидкости . Физматлит, Moscow 1961, p. 177-178 .
  8. ↑ West GB: Scale and Dimension .
  9. ↑ Sedov LI : Методы подобия и размерности в механике . Nauka , Moscow 1981.
  10. ↑ Nuri Y. Olcer, Sam Lévin: Recoilless Rifle Weapon Systems , published by US Department of Defense, Army Materiel Command, 1976 S. 1-3 [2]
  11. ^ Riabouchinski D .: Sur le calcul des valeurs absolues . In: Compte rendu du Congrès international des mathématiciens tenu à Strasbourg du 22 to 30 September 1920 . 1921, p. 231-242 .
personal data
SURNAME Ryabushinsky, Dmitri Pavlovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Рябушинский, Дмитрий Павлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 30, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH August 27, 1962
Place of death Paris