Schelesnodorozhny (Moscow)

Former city Zheleznodorozhny Железнодорожный flag coat of arms Federal district Central Russia Oblast Moscow former city district Zheleznodorozhny mayor last: Taras Wassiljewitsch Jefimow Founded 1877/1939 Earlier names Obiralowka former city since January 22, 2015 surface 24  km² population 131,257 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 5469 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 145  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 495 Post Code 14398x License Plate 50, 90, 150, 190, 750 OKATO 46 424 Website http://www.zheldor-city.ru/ Geographical location Coordinates 55 ° 45 ′  N , 38 ° 1 ′  E Coordinates: 55 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  N , 38 ° 1 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Moscow Oblast

Schelesnodoroschny ( Russian Железнодоро́жный , wiss. Transliteration Železnodorožnyj , in German "Railway City ") was a large Russian city ​​in the Moscow Oblast , about 20 km east of Moscow in the western part of the Meschtschora lowland. In 2015, the city was merged with the neighboring Balaschikha and thus became an independent administrative unit. Today one wears MICRODISTRICT of Balashikha name Schelesnodoroschny .

history

Prefabricated building in Schelesnodoroschny

The city was created through the amalgamation of several places along the Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod railway line . The village of Obiralowka (Обираловка), first mentioned in 1799, was the most famous of these places. After the railway line reached the village in 1862, it was soon elevated to a station settlement (1877). This went down in literary history through Leo Tolstoy because his fictional character Anna Karenina throws himself in front of a train there.

In the 1870s, the first industrial operations (including a brickworks) were established in what would later become the city area. In 1904 Nikolai Zhukovsky founded an aerodynamic institute in the Kuchino settlement (Кучино) ; it was the first of its kind in Europe.

In 1929 the settlements Afanasiewo-Olginski (Афанасьево-Ольгинский) and Ivanovka (Ивановка) were incorporated. Ten years later Obiralowka received the status of an urban-type settlement under the name Schelesnodorozhny, at that time in the sense of "railway settlement ". In 1946 a research institute for building ceramics was founded and in 1952 a new clay brick factory was built. In addition, the Obiralowka settlement officially became a city in 1952. In the 1960s, other neighboring villages were incorporated . The last expansion of Schelesnodoroschnys took place in 2004 with the incorporation of the settlement Kupavna (Купавна). At the beginning of the 1990s, today's station building was built. At the same time, the structural development of the incorporated towns of Kutschino and Savvino (Саввино), where numerous residential high-rise buildings were built.

In December 2014, the Duma of Moscow Oblast decided to merge Zheleznodorozhny with neighboring Balashikha into one city (decision № 16/111-P). The urban area was divided into nine microrajons by Balashikha: Yuzhnoye Kutschino (Южное Кучино), ceramics (Керамик), Kupavna, Kuchino, Novoye Pavlino (Новое Павлино), Olgino (Оловино), Павливино, Olgino (Оловино), Оловино, Оловино, Olgino (Оловино), Оловино, Olgino (Олавино), Оловино, Оловино, Olgino (Оловино), Оловино, Olgino (Оловино), Оловино, Olgino (Оловино).

Population development

View of the Sawwino district (2014)

The Schelesnodorozhny railway station

Holy Trinity Church

In 1939 Schelesnodoroschny, which was elevated to an urban-type settlement, lived 17,000 inhabitants. Fifty years later the city had 97,426 inhabitants. In the last statistical survey before the merger with Balashicha, there were 151,985 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2015).

Economy and Infrastructure

The city was mainly a residential city for the nearby Moscow with some commercial and educational institutions. The Schelesnodoroschnys industrial landscape included u. a. Companies in the building materials, textile and wood processing industries. The city also had a larger railway workshop.
According to Novaya Gazeta , Zheleznodorozhny was probably the only city in the world with a population of more than 120,000 that had neither a cinema nor a hospital and where almost all of the businesses were owned by the mayor's family (at that time: Yevgeny Ivanovich Schirkow).
From the Schelesnodorozhny regional station on the main line from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod, there were regular train connections to both Moscow and Pavlovsky Posad , Orechowo-Sujewo , Petushki or Vladimir .

Attractions

• Transfiguration Church in Sawwino
• Holy Trinity Church (the former estate of Count Pyotr Rumyantsev-Sadunaiski ) in Pavlino
• Rumyantsev mausoleum in Pavlino
• Monument to the hydrodynamics researcher Dmitri Ryabushinsky (1882–1962) on Proletarskaya Street

Trivia

The locals often condescendingly referred to Schelesnodoroschny as "Scheleska" (Железка), which translates as "piece of iron" or "little iron".
Between 1925 and 1931 the writer Andrei Bely lived and worked in Kutschino.
The Soviet naval officer Vasily Archipov , who apparently prevented a military escalation during the Cuban Missile Crisis, died in Schelesnodoroschny in 1998.

Web links

Commons : Schelesnodoroschny  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Schelesnodoroschny on mojgorod.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ В Железнодорожном новый глава - Ефимов Тарас Васильевич + видео (September 22, 2014), from: vzhelezke.ru, accessed September 2, 2015 (Russian).
2. ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ Duma of the Moscow Oblasts, Д-1-662па "Об объединении городов областного подчинения Московской области Балашиха и Железнодорожный и внесении изменения в Закон Московской области " Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области » (24 December 2014) on: mosoblduma.ru , accessed September 2, 2015 (Russian).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Город Железнодорожный. История. from: zheldor.info, accessed September 2, 2015 (Russian).
5. ^ Lev Nikolaevic Tolstoj, Anna Karenina . Berlin: Aufbau Verlag, 1957 (translated from Russian by Hermann Röhl), Volume 3, pp. 148–149 ( online at: zeno.org, accessed on September 2, 2015).
6. ↑ Alex Kaschpurow, В Совете депутатов ( Memento of the original from November 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (August 25, 2015) from: inbalashikha.ru, accessed September 2, 2015 (in Russian). 
7. ↑ Города с численностью населения 100 тысяч и более человек (rar file) on: gks.ru, accessed on September 2, 2015 (Russian).
8. ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. from: demoscope.ru, accessed September 2, 2015 (Russian).
9. ↑ Rosstat, Оценка численности населения на 1 января 2014 и 2015 годов и в среднем за 2014 год (doc file) on: msko.gks.ru, accessed on September 2, 2015 (Russian).
10. ↑ Ivan Shilin, Рекордная Обираловка * (July 14, 2011) at: novayagazeta.ru, accessed on September 2, 2015 (Russian).
11. ↑ Dmitrij Muratow in: Особое мнение (July 15, 2011) at: echo.msk.ru, accessed on September 2, 2015 (Russian).
12. ↑ Григорий Ивлиев: "Не может имя человека, связанного с убийством, быть увековеченным в в названиях, 2015" (accessed on July 16, 2010 in Russian).
13. ↑ Архипов Василий Александрович - вице-адмирал, начальник КВВМУ им. Кирова on: ourbaku.com, accessed September 3, 2015 (Russian).