Three-flowered bulrush

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Three-flowered bulrush
Three-flowered rush (Juncus triglumis)

Three-flowered rush ( Juncus triglumis )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Rush Family (Juncaceae)
Genre : Rushes ( Juncus )
Type : Three-flowered bulrush
Scientific name
Juncus triglumis
L.

The three-flowered rush ( Juncus triglumis ) is an arctic-alpine plant species from the rush family (Juncaceae).

features

The Dreiblütige rush is a perennial , herbaceous plant . It reaches heights of growth of 6 to 15, rarely 20 cm. It has a creeping rhizome that, in addition to flower stems, also forms sterile leaf shoots and underground runners. It forms loose lawns.

The stems are stiff and upright, are smooth, stem-round and hollow. Leaf - sheaths without spreader sit at the base . The leaves are all basal; there is rarely a single stem leaf . The leaf blades are 1 to 10 cm long, rounded to the top, flattened. At the bottom it is usually five-tube, in the middle two-tube. There are no transverse walls or they are indistinct. The leaf sheath has two blunt auricles.

The inflorescence almost always consists of only one terminal head with three (rarely 1 to 5) flowers . The two bracts are wide, erect-protruding and shorter than the flowers. The flowers are equally short stalked to sessile and have no prophylls . The tepals are around 4 mm long, narrowly ovate or elliptical and mostly blunt and red-brown. The six stamens are about as long as the tepals. The anthers are 0.7 to 0.9 mm long. The stylus is around 0.5 mm long and has 1 mm long, reddish scars . The flowering time is July.

The capsule fruit is 5 to 6 mm long, triangular-ellipsoidal with an attached tip. The surface is reddish brown and shiny. The seeds are 0.8 to 1 mm long, with the long appendages 2 to 2.5 mm. Flowering time is June to September, pollination takes place by the wind ( anemophilia ).

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = approx. 130, 44 or 50.

Occurrence

The three-flowered rush has an arctic-alpine distribution. It occurs in the northern hemisphere in the subarctic and subalpine areas. It is rare in the Alps . In Austria it is common or rare. She is often in the Tauern. It grows in springy locations, in flat and spring bogs on waterlogged peat and swamp soils. It avoids lime. In the Alps, it occurs in the subalpine and alpine altitudes , from 1500 to 2800 m. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Kleiner Walsertal southeast of the Widderstein up to 2160 m above sea level.

Phytosociological it is an association characteristic species of Caricion bicolori-atrofuscae.

Systematics

One can distinguish between two subspecies:

  • Juncus triglumis subsp. albescens (Lange) Hultén (Syn .: Juncus albescens (Lange) Fernald ): It occurs from Far Eastern Asiatic Russia to Greenland and the west-central United States.
  • Juncus triglumis subsp. triglumis : It occurs in the subarctic and subalpine areas of the northern hemisphere.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 151.
  2. a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Juncus triglumis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  3. Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 303.

Web links

Commons : Juncus triglumis  - album with pictures, videos and audio files