E-board

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
two-wheeled E-Board "Hobertrax", in the middle the seam where the relative rotation of the running boards takes place

An e-board (for further names, see the description section ) is an electrically operated, two-track roller board without a handlebar, on which a person can move while standing. The E-Board typically consists of a two-wheeled axle with two small platforms on which the driver stands. The E-Board keeps itself in balance (similar to a Segway ) thanks to an electronic drive control (different from electric skateboards ) and is controlled by shifting weight and the driver's foot position.

The devices first appeared in China in 2014; Since 2015, numerous celebrities have made the E-Board known in the United States.

designation

No uniform name has yet been established for this relatively new type of device. In addition to "E-Board", the devices are also referred to as follows:

  • Self-balancing board
  • Self-balancing scooter
  • Balance board
  • self-balancing (electric) roller board
  • Hoverboard
  • Mini segway

" Hoverboards " originally appeared in the science fiction comedies Back to the Future II and Back to the Future III as a film trick and were skateboards without wheels that floated several inches above the ground.

Boards without wheels and drives for balance exercises are also called “ balance boards ”.

"Mini- Segway " suggests that it is a device from the manufacturer Segway, but this is not the case.

development

A cosplayer on an e-board at "Wizard World Chicago"

Shane Chen, an American businessman and founder of Inventist, claimed the invention of the device. Chen started a campaign for Hovertrax on Kickstarter.com in 2013 . In an interview with the Los Angeles Times , Chen expressed his disappointment with Chinese patent law. He explained that Solowheel, a self-balancing unicycle , was copied by other manufacturers after it was featured on the Chinese television show Happy Show . In August 2015, Mark Cuban announced that he would buy Chen's Hovertrax patents. In addition, the American company Investist claimed in 2015 that it held the patents and took legal action.

The pace of the Chinese manufacturing industry makes it difficult to determine exactly which company manufactured an e-board first. According to David Pierce of Wired magazine , the device was probably invented under the name "Smart S1" by Chic Robotics, a Chinese technology company founded in 2013 and affiliated with Zhejiang University . The Smart S1 appeared in August 2014 and was a success at the Canton Fair . The company patents technologies associated with the E-Board, but due to the lax enforcement of Chinese patent law , the product has been copied by several Chinese manufacturers.

In June 2015, the E-Board was manufactured by several product counterfeiters in China - a typical behavior of the local industrial sector. The counterfeit products differ greatly in price and quality and can contain numerous errors. Most e-boards are mass-produced in Shenzhen , China . Some newer e-boards have built-in bluetooth speakers so that you can listen to music while driving.

The device's increasing popularity in the USA was initially attributed to the wide range of American celebrities who showed up with various e-board models, including Justin Bieber , Jamie Foxx , Kendall Jenner , Chris Brown , Soulja Boy and Wiz Khalifa . The founders of the US company PhunkeeTree came across the E-Board at an electronics trade fair in Hong Kong in 2014 and were involved in sales shortly afterwards. The company gave an e-board to Kendall Jenner, who posted a video of herself on the board on Instagram . As the viral video hit, other celebrities started asking PhunkeeTree for free copies.

safety

Many e-boards are equipped with lithium-ion batteries . There have been several reports of defective batteries , either due to an electrical short circuit or overheating, which led to spontaneous combustion . Injuries from accidents with an e-board have been documented several times since September 2015. In the USA, self-ignition of e-boards has already led to lawsuits .

In the USA, a security check was then carried out on e-boards. In Great Britain, too, doubts about the quality of the e-boards have been publicly expressed due to accidents. As with many wheeled vehicles without special protection for the driver, it makes sense to wear additional protective equipment such as joint protectors and a helmet.

Since 2016, Underwriters Laboratories has been offering a standard for quality assurance for e-boards ("UL 2272 - Battery Systems for Use in Self Balancing Scooters").

Legal and licensing issues

There are legal restrictions on the use of e-boards in several countries.

In Germany, e-boards are actually forbidden in public traffic areas: Since they are motorized and travel faster than 6 km / h, they are classified as “ motor vehicles ” and are therefore forbidden on sidewalks and cycle paths, they would have to be on the road . A license must be available for driving in public traffic areas - however, it is usually not issued because the device lacks the necessary protective equipment and other important items.

Hoverboards are not subject to the Small Electric Vehicle Ordinance , which has been in force since summer 2019 , as they do not have a handrail required there. This means that these devices must not be used on public roads, not even by children. In the event of unlawful use, this would mean “driving without a license”, a violation of the compulsory insurance law and possibly also “ driving without a license ” if the “driver” does not have the required class B driving license.

In Austria, in 2016, there were only a few public driving lanes - all of low-ranking streets - as well as bicycle traffic facilities and pedestrian areas. Dominik Tschohl, legal expert at ÖAMTC Vorarlberg, says: "The legislator has problems coping with the various booms and regulating them quickly." He assumes that the legislature will qualify the E-Board as a toy and thus generally ban it on roadways. It would then only be allowed in the case of residential and play streets on carriageways, possibly also in areas for pedestrians.

In England and Wales , e-boards can only be used on private property and with the consent of the property owner. However, driving on public sidewalks and roads is prohibited by law. In Scotland it is illegal to drive the device on sidewalks.

In Mecca , the device was banned shortly after the video of a pilgrim on his hajj .

Transportation by passenger flights

Several airlines have banned the transport of e-boards, both in the hold and as hand luggage.

Different building principles

Unicycle, exhibited for the presentation of electromobility in the Gläserne Manufaktur
  • Two lanes, each with a roller on the outside, 2 running boards whose (longitudinal) angle of inclination to the horizontal driving speed or acceleration controls and by twisting the running boards to each other causes cornering or turning around the vertical axis (see first picture in the article). The “board” is oriented perpendicular to the normal direction of travel.
  • A board oriented along the direction of travel with a large square cutout in the middle. Here a wheel with wide tires - for example from a go-kart - and a hub motor is mounted. As if on a snowboard or skateboard, the person stands half across the direction of travel, with one foot in front of the bike and the other behind. Accelerated and speed controlled by adjusting the longitudinal angle of inclination of the board through the two legs of the balancing person. If you shift your body weight more to the left or right side of the tire, the board tilts to the side, causing the tire to flex strongly and thereby causing cornering.
  • Skateboards, especially of the longboard type, can be equipped with an electric drive - usually on the rear axle - which is controlled manually via cable or radio remote control. You steer by shifting your weight to the side via the steering axles (restoring force from rubber buffers), as is the case with a non-motorized skateboard.
  • Motorized stone bikes with battery drive come from Ninebot , the buyer of Segway . To the right and left of the forward rolling wheel, there is a foot on an unfolded footrest. The way it works is like a Segway, the unicycle cannot tip over in the direction of travel and its speed is controlled by shifting weight, the direction of travel only has to be manipulated by lateral balance. The motorized unicycles have pneumatic tires and are suitable for any type of terrain with a maximum incline of 15 °. The achievable speed is 22 km / h, the range is given as 30 kilometers. The weight of a unicycle with a diameter of 406 mm is 14.2 kg.

See also

Web links

Commons : E-Board  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f The Weird Origin Story of the World's Most Viral Scooter . In: Wired , June 29, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2015. 
  2. ↑ Jan-Keno Janssen: "Auaboard" - 360-Euro-E-Board in the test , Heise online , December 11, 2015. Accessed on January 19, 2016.
  3. ↑ Jan-Keno Janssen: "Hoverboard" in the test - life-threatening defects In: Heise Online, December 14, 2015, accessed on January 19, 2016.
  4. ↑ hoverboard In: Oxford English Dictionary. 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  5. ↑ Laura Lane: WATCH: The Back to the Future Hoverboard Is Real In: People.com, August 5, 2015, accessed October 13, 2015.
  6. ↑ About: Inventist . In: Investist.com . Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  7. ↑ For Solowheel maker, a patent rights nightmare in China . In: Los Angeles Times , May 30, 2015. 
  8. ↑ a b CW33: Patent wars: Mark Cuban involved in 'hoverboard' battle . In: AOL , September 18, 2015. 
  9. ↑ Jerry Beilinson: Hovertrax and the battle of the auto-balancing skateboards .
  10. ↑ a b Joseph Bernstein: How To Make Millions Of Hoverboards (Almost) Overnight In: Buzzfeed , November 27, 2015, accessed December 24, 2015.
  11. ↑ Bluetooth Swegways: The Second Generation of Swegway . In: Swegway World , October 19, 2015. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015 Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 26, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.swegwayworld.com 
  12. ↑ Celebrity on hoverboard . In: Celebrity videos and guide .
  13. ↑ Rob Enderle: The Trouble With Hoverboards and Lithium-Ion Batteries In: Technewsworld.com, December 14, 2015, accessed December 24, 2015.
  14. ↑ Laura Geggel: 'Hoverboard' Scooter Fires: Faulty Batteries May Be to Blame In: Livescience, December 17, 2015, accessed December 24, 2015.
  15. ↑ Shoppers panic as hoverboard explodes at Washington mall kiosk . The Guardian . Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  16. ^ Hoverboard blamed for house fire; family suing manufacturer . In: wpri.com Channel 12 Eyewitness News , December 1, 2015. Accessed December 20, 2015. 
  17. ↑ Stephen M. Copenhaver, Amy M. Rubenstein: Oh What Fun It Is To Ride. . . A hoverboard? This Year's Must-Have Holiday Gift Poses Potential Litigation Risks for Manufacturers . In: Schiff Hardin LLP (Ed.): The National Law Review . December 20, 2015. Accessed December 4, 2015.
  18. ↑ [ https://standardscatalog.ul.com/standards/en/standard_2272_1 UL 2272 Standard for Electrical Systems for Personal E-Mobility Devices] on the Underwriters Laboratories website. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  19. ↑ Street legal for the self balancing board? . In: Self Balancing Board . Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  20. ↑ Art. 1 of the eKFV
  21. ↑ https://www.test.de/Hoverboard-Mit-dem-Board-zur-Schule-5353060-0/
  22. ↑ https://daubner-verkehrrecht.info/2019/elektrokleinstfahrzeuge-verordnung-ekfv-in-kraft
  23. ↑ Unclear: Hoverboard allowed on streets? In: orf.at, July 9, 2016, accessed on July 9, 2016.
  24. ↑ a b Griffin, Andrew: Hoverboards banned: law making 'self-balancing scooters' illegal was passed in 1835 . In: The Independent , October 12, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015. 
  25. ↑ Sometimes we should all just step back a little | The National . Thenational.ae. September 2, 2015. Accessed October 12, 2015.
  26. ↑ Katie Sola, Airlines Ban Boards For Their Tendency to Spontaneously Ignite In: Forbes.com, December 14, 2015, accessed December 24, 2015.
  27. ↑ https://www.einradpioniere.de/ Website about unicycles among the unicycle pioneers in Dresden