Eduard Arnold Martin

Eduard Arnold Martin

Eduard Arnold Martin (born April 22, 1809 in Heidelberg , † December 5, 1875 in Berlin ) was a German gynecologist and obstetrician .

Life

Martin was born as the son of the then Heidelberg law professor Christoph Martin (1772–1857) and his wife Caroline, b. Wagemann (1776–1843), daughter of the Lutheran theologian and general superintendent Gottfried Wilhelm Wagemann , born. When the father was appointed to the University of Jena in 1816, the family moved there. He had initially received his training at a private educational institution. From 1823 to 1826 he attended the Friedrichgymnasium (Altenburg) .

At Easter 1826 he began studying law at the University of Jena, but then switched to medicine. In the autumn of 1830 he continued his studies at the University of Heidelberg . Here he attended the lectures of Franz Naegele . From Michaelmas 1831 to Easter 1833 he completed his practical training in Jena and became an assistant to Johann Christian Stark the Younger . At Easter 1833 he continued his studies at the University of Göttingen with Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck , where he received his doctorate in medicine in October 1833. After spending some time in Naumburg to learn about homeopathy with Johann Ernst Stapf (1788–1860), he traveled to the European continent in the following years.

He visited Prague , Vienna , Berlin , England and France and completed his habilitation in 1835 at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena . He was appointed associate professor in 1837 and in 1838 became sub-director of the university maternity hospital. In the following years he devoted himself to obstetrics. In 1843 a polyclinic for obstetrics was founded, and in 1846 he became a full honorary professor and associated director of the university maternity hospital. On June 25, 1850 he became a full professor of medicine and in 1855 he was appointed Hofrat von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach. Martin also took part in the organizational tasks of the Jena University and was rector of the Alma Mater in the summer semester of 1856 .

In 1858 Martin followed the call of the Berlin University , where he succeeded Dietrich Wilhelm Heinrich Busch as director of the maternity hospital at the Charité hospital. Martin founded a gynecological department and was a member of the commission for the processing of a new midwifery textbook. Martin remained head of the maternity hospital until his death in 1875 and was given the title of secret medical councilor. One of his obstetrical services was the not undisputed delivery of the future German Emperor Wilhelm II .

The German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics awarded him honorary membership .

Among his students were Robert Michaelis von Olshausen and Adolf Gusserow , as well as his son August Eduard Martin (1847–1933), later professor at the University of Greifswald .

From the marriage with Marie Sophie Schmid (1818–1872), the daughter of the legal scholar Karl Ernst Schmid , other well-known children emerged, such as the doctor and naturalist Carl Eduard Martin (Jena, 1838-Puerto Montt, Chile, 1907), the professor of German studies Ernst Eduard Martin (1841–1910) and the businessman Otto Eduard Martin (1843–1922).

Works

• De lithogenesi praesertim urinaria. Frommann, Jena 1833 ( dissertation , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , 1833; digitized ).
• About artificial anesthesia during childbirth using chloroform vapors. Frommann, Jena, 1848 ( digitized ).
• To gynecology. 2 booklets.
  • Issue 1: The facility and obstetrical clinics at the University of Jena. Frommann, Jena 1848 ( digitized version ).
  • Booklet 2: About the outer turn, the positioning for the inner turn and an obstetric phantom. Frommann, Jena 1849 ( digitized version ).
• On self-amputation in the fetus. Observations and remarks. Mauke, Jena 1850 ( digitized version ).
• Duo sectionis caesareae in instituto policlinico obstetricio Jenensi peractae exempla. Mauke, Jena 1850.
• With regard to the ovarian hydration, we sought, in particular, their knowledge and cure, together with a new regulator for ovariotomy . Mauke, 1852 ( digitized in the Google book search).
• Obstetrics textbook for midwives. Enke, Erlangen 1854 ( digitized version ); 2nd edition 1867 ( digitized in the Google book search); 3rd edition 1874 ( digitized version ).
• Question book for the obstetrics textbook for midwives. Enke, Erlangen 1856 ( digitized version ); 2nd edition 1867 ( digitized version ).
• About the transfusion for bleeding newborns. Hirschwald, Berlin 1859 ( digitized version ).
• Hand Atlas of Gynecology and Obstetrics . Hirschwald, Berlin 1862 ( digitized in the Google book search).
• The forward and backward inclinations and flexions of the uterus. Hirschwald, Berlin 1866 ( digitized version ); 2nd edition 1870 ( digitized in the Google book search).

literature

• Andreas D. Ebert , Matthias David: Eduard Arnold Martin (1809–1875) - founder of the Berlin Gynecological Society. A contribution to the history of the Berlin Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology. II. In: Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie. 114: 143-148 (1992) PMID 1595310 .
• Matthias David, Andreas D. Ebert: Instruments and their namesake: Eduard Arnold Martin (1809–1875) and the back speculum sheet after Martin. In: Obstetrics and gynecology. Vol. 69 (2009), pp. 305 f., DOI: 10.1055 / s-0029-1185553 .
• Franz von Winckel :  Martin, Eduard Arnold . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 489 f.
• Julius Pagel : Martin, Eduard Arnold. In: Biographical lexicon of outstanding doctors of the nineteenth century. Berlin / Vienna 1901, column 1098 f. ( online ).
• Heinrich Döring : Jena University Almanach 1845. Jena 1845, p. 107 ( digitized in the Google book search).
• Johannes Günther: Life sketches of the professors of the University of Jena, from 1558 to 1858. Friedrich Mauke, Jena, 1858, p. 149 ( digitized in the Google book search).

Individual evidence

1. ^ John CG Röhl : Wilhelm II. Beck, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-406-37668-1 , p. 25 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
2. ↑ Matthias David: Between myth and truth - Eduard Arnold Martin and the birth of the later Emperor Wilhelm II. In: Obstetrics and gynecology. Vol. 70 (2010), pp. 312-314 ( PDF document; 173 kB ).