Efeututen
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Golden ivy ( Epipremnum aureum ) |
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| Bulkhead |
The Efeututen ( Epipremnum ) are a genus of plants in the Arum family (Araceae). The 15 or so species are distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to Pacific islands.
description
Epipremnum species are climbing or creeping, perennial herbaceous plants that can climb to heights of 20 meters. They form at the nodes ( Nodien ) adventitious for adherence to documentation, such as tree trunks. There is only one leaf type (homophylly) per species. The alternate, stalked, simple leaves are sometimes secondarily divided. Some varieties are variegated . The leaf sheaths, cataphylls and prophylls do not last long and wither soon.
The inflorescences, which are singly and in a few together, have pencil-shaped to slightly compressed, leafless inflorescence stems. How Araceae typically consist inflorescences of a piston (spadix) and the enveloping him spathe . The boat-shaped, dirty-white, greenish or yellow spathe can remain almost closed or be spread out flat; often it is already wilting before the last flowers have faded. The piston is cylindrical and gradually narrows to the tip. The top and bottom areas of the bulb usually have sterile flowers. The small flowers are hermaphroditic. There are no bracts . There are four stamens . The pollen is 36 to 44 µm in size. The single-chamber ovary is cylindrical, laterally compressed to unevenly angular. Epipremnum have two to four, rarely up to six anatropic ovules based on only one placenta and thus fewer than Rhaphidophora . There is a distinct stylus.
The berries have a greatly enlarged stylus region. They contain differently colored, sticky pulp and only a few seeds. The large, 3 to 7 mm long, 1.5 to 4.0 mm wide, curved (this is where they differ from the other genera of the tribe) seeds. The seed coat (testa) is hard and has a relief (in Rhaphidophora it is smooth).
The number of chromosomes was 2n = 60 (56, 84).
Ingredients and toxicity
Due to the calcium oxalate content, all parts of the plant are toxic - especially for small children and pets - if they are consumed in large quantities. Symptoms of poisoning are burning or swelling of the lips, mouth and throat as well as diarrhea . Frequent contact can irritate the skin .
Distribution and locations
The distribution area of the genus Epipremnum has its focus in the rainforests of tropical Asia and ranges from Japan ( Ryūkyū Islands ) over the Malay Archipelago to Australia ( Queensland ) and from India ( Manipur ) to the Pacific Cook Islands ( Rarotonga ). In many subtropical to tropical countries around the world, Epipremnum aureum is overgrown ( invasive plant ).
They are often climbing plants in evergreen rainforests. They usually grow in partially shaded to shady conditions. Sometimes they grow lithophytically in exposed locations. Epipremnum aureum is particularly common in anthropogenically disturbed areas.
Systematics
The genus Epipremnum was established by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in 1857 . This was based on the only known him kind Epipremnum mirabile Schott , now a synonym of Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. A synonym for Epipremnum Schott is Anthelia Schott . The genus Epipremnum belongs to the tribe Monstereae in the subfamily Monsteroideae within the family of the Araceae .
There are about 15 (earlier to 30) species:
- Epipremnum amplissimum (Schott) Engl .: It iswidespreadfrom New Guinea to Vanuatu .
- Golden Efeutute ( Epipremnum aureum ( Linden & André) GSBunting ): It is a variegated form. (Syn .: Epipremnum pinnatum cv. 'Aureum', Epipremnum pinnatum cv. Aureum D. Nicolson , Pothos aureus Linden & André , Rhaphidophora aurea (Lind. & André) Birdsey , Scindapsus aureus (Linden & André) Engl. ): She is coming originally only on Moorea , which belongs to the Society Islands.
- Epipremnum carolinense Volkens : It occurs only on the Carolines .
- Epipremnum ceramense (Engl. & K. Krause) Alderw. : It only occurs in the Moluccas .
- Epipremnum dahlii Engl .: It occurs only on the Bismarck Archipelago .
- Epipremnum falcifolium Engl .: It is common on Borneo .
- Epipremnum giganteum (Roxb.) Schott : It is distributed from Indochina to Malaysia .
- Epipremnum meeboldii K. Krause : It occurs in Assam (Manipur).
- Epipremnum moluccanum Schott :: It occurs only on the Moluccas.
- Epipremnum moszkowskii K. Krause : It occurs in western New Guinea.
- Epipremnum nobile (Schott) Engl .: It occurs in Sulawesi .
- Epipremnum obtusum Engl. & K. Krause : The homeland in Papua New Guinea before.
- Epipremnum papuanum Alderw. : It occurs in Papua New Guinea.
- Spotted Efeutute ( Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl .; Syn .: Epipremnum mirabile Schott ): It is widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia and on Pacific islands.
- Epipremnum silvaticum Alderw. : It occurs in Sumatra.
use
The cultivated forms of Epipremnum aureum , whose yellow-spotted cultivars are called Golden Efeutute , are easy to care for, widespread and shade-friendly indoor plants .
swell
- Peter C. Boyce: A Review of Epipremnum (Araceae) in cultivation , In: Aroideana , Volume 27, 2004, pp. 205-211.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Yasin J. Nasir: Epipremnum at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d Peter C. Boyce: Information on the genre ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Araceae website. (Sections Description and Distribution)
- ↑ Alice B. Russell: Epipremnum aureum. (No longer available online.) In: Poisonous Plants of North Carolina. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011 ; accessed on September 23, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Heinrich Wilhelm Schott: Bonplandia (Hannover) , 5, 1857, p. 45 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Epipremnum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 18, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Epipremnum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
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