Egloffstein Palace (Erlangen)
The Egloffsteinsche Palais (also Palais Egloffstein ) is the largest baroque aristocratic palace in Erlangen . The building with the addresses Friedrichstrasse 17 and Südliche Stadtmauerstrasse 28 was built in 1718 and today houses the adult education center of the city of Erlangen and the German-French Institute Erlangen .
description
The consistently two-storey four-wing complex made of unplastered sandstone blocks is located in Erlanger Neustadt. The building complex represents the eastern end of the block between Friedrichstrasse in the north and Südlicher Stadtmauerstrasse in the south. The three wings of the street are covered by hipped roofs. With a floor space of 30 × 63 meters, the Egloffsteiner Palais is the largest of the former aristocratic residences in Erlangen. The fourth wing in the west of the complex, accessible from the courtyard, which was probably built in place of a garden, used to contain stables and carriage sheds.
The eastern front facing Schuhstrasse has 21 window axes, with the three central axes being emphasized by a risalit hall building with a mansard roof . The corners of the slightly raised risalit on the upper floor are marked with pilaster strips . Further pilaster strips structure the three-axis corner sections of the facade, the windows of which are arranged in groups of three and have flat frames. With the exception of the corner sections, a cornice runs between the ground floor and the first floor .
The facades of the north and south wings of the palace each have ten axes and are structured like corner zones on the eastern front on Schuhstrasse. In the axial direction , these facades each have a basket-arch portal with bow roofing on Doric pilasters and wrought-iron skylights . The south front also has a balcony on console volutes on the right corner axis , although the parapet has been removed and the balcony door has been walled up to a window. August Gebessler suspects on the basis of the "organic revitalization of the main front with economical means" that the planning came from one of Erlangen's more important architects.
Inside, the ballroom on the upper floor of the hall building is particularly noteworthy, the significant stucco decoration of which is attributed to the Bayreuth master Andrea Domenico Cadenazzi and dates from 1720 to 1725. The oval ceiling of the hall shows Apollo on the sun chariot and the reclining goddess Ceres , surrounded by richly motivated bandels and latticework . Relief busts of Roman emperors under lambrequins are located in decorative wall panels above the marble chimneys at the front . In the corners there are stucco candelabra , the moving structure of which is decorated with putti medallions. Simple paneled stucco ceilings can also be found in the entrance halls. The rest of the stucco equipment is no longer available.
The banisters made of wooden balusters and the wooden gallery of the courtyard with twisted balusters have also been preserved.
history
The Egloffsteinsche Palais was built in 1718 for Carl Maximilian von Egloffstein on the outskirts of the city on today's Friedrichstrasse, where other aristocratic families subsequently also settled. In 1723 the Margrave of Bayreuth Egloffstein released the house from all burdens in times of war and peace. After the death of Carl Maximilian von Egloffstein in 1733, the palace passed to his nephew Albrecht Christoph, who sold it to the margravial government in 1739 due to financial problems. They used the building for a short time to accommodate the Erlangen administration, before they left it to the University of Erlangen in 1745 in exchange for a house in Bayreuth , which intended to set up an anatomical theater , a chemical laboratory and an observatory there. However, due to a lack of financial resources, these plans could not be implemented. After the university could not find a suitable use for the Egloffsteinsche Palais, it sold it to the city of Erlangen in 1749 for a total of 8,000 guilders.
In 1750 the city set up a poor house and work house in the front building on Friedrichstrasse . The reason for this was the bad harvest of 1746, which had led to great hardship in the lower social classes. At the same time, an orphanage was housed in the rear building on the southern Stadtmauerstraße as a measure against child begging. After the poor and employment house closed again after a short time, the city decided to divide the property: While the orphanage in the rear building continued to exist, the part of the building on Friedrichstrasse together with the hall on Schuhstrasse was bought in 1763 for around 5100 Gulden was sold to the privy councilor and baron Johann Gustav Adolf Buirette von Oehlefeld, whose family played an important role in the history of Erlangen in the 17th and 18th centuries. After Johann Gustav Adolf's death in 1803, his wife and son Karl Ludwig sold the house on Friedrichstrasse to the two children of Privy Councilor Friedrich August von Ausin, a brother-in-law of Karl Ludwig Buirette von Oehlefeld. Ausin was city president and was thus at the head of Erlangen's administration. The value of the property was estimated at 26,050 guilders in 1815. Ausin's son Alexander, who was the sole owner of the building on Friedrichstrasse from 1828, sold it in 1836 to the tobacco manufacturer Christoph Simmerlein from Bruck , who converted the house into a tobacco factory. His heirs finally sold the property to the city of Erlangen in 1860, so that both parts of the Egloffstein Palace were once again in one hand.
After the front building was sold to Buirette von Oehlefeld in 1763, the rear building remained in the possession of the city, which continued to operate an orphanage there. The latter was connected in 1776 with the institute for the poor, founded by the theology professor Georg Friedrich Seiler, whereby the approximately 60 to 100 children now also received elementary education. In 1783/84 the previously single-storey house on the southern Stadtmauerstraße was raised by one floor. The upper floor subsequently served as an apartment. Due to falling financial resources, the orphanage and the school for the poor were closed in 1806 and the children were given to middle-class families to care for, which meant that the ground floor could now also be rented out. The most famous resident of this period was the poet and orientalist Friedrich Rückert , who lived with his family on the first floor of the former orphanage from spring 1832. The apartment also had a garden on the opposite side of the street on the former city wall. In the winter of 1833/34 the children Ernst and Luise died in the Egloffsteinschen Palais, whose death Rückert dealt with in the famous children's death songs . In 1837 the agricultural and trade school moved to the former orphanage and Rückert and his family had to move out in 1838. A memorial plaque on the facade of the house reminds of him today.
After the city came back into possession of the entire Egloffsteinschen Palais, the agricultural and trade school initially remained in the rear building, while parts of the 6th Royal Bavarian Jäger Battalion were housed in the front building on Friedrichstrasse from 1868 to 1877 . After his move to a new barracks, the entire building was used from 1877 to accommodate the six-level secondary school, which had emerged from the agricultural and trade school and was nationalized in 1924. In 1927 the school was converted into an upper secondary school with a full high school diploma. The premises in the Egloffsteinschen Palais were soon no longer sufficient, which meant that classes had to be relocated to other schools for years. It was not until 1954 that the school, now known as Ohm-Gymnasium , was able to move into a new building in the south of Erlangen. After a renovation in 1958, the Egloffsteinsche Palais housed the Erlangen city library, which moved to its current location in the Stutterheimsche Palais in 1971 . After that, the Egloffsteinsche Palais served as the seat of the state technical college until 1998, with numerous classes again having to be outsourced.
In the course of the 20th century, the Egloffsteinsche Palais was redesigned several times and the facade facing Schuhstrasse was also changed. Since 1998 the building has been available exclusively to the adult education center. Except for the western wing, the entire palace is a listed building.
Sources and literature
- Christoph Friederich, Bertold Freiherr von Haller, Andreas Jakob (Hrsg.): Erlanger Stadtlexikon . W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2002, ISBN 3-921590-89-2 ( online ).
- Andreas Jakob : Egloffsteinsches Palais .
- Edeltraud Loos: Ohm-Gymnasium .
- Edeltraud Loos: Agricultural and trade school .
- Edeltraud Loos: Orphanage .
- Edeltraud Loos: Technical college, state .
- August Gebessler : City and District of Erlangen. Brief inventory (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume XIV). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1962, p. 48f.
- Ernst Deuerlein: From the history of the Erlangen secondary school building . In: Erlanger Heimatblätter . Volume 10, No. 27, 1927. pp. 109–112.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments : Erlangen . List of monuments. As of February 21, 2018 (PDF; 0.36 MB)
Coordinates: 49 ° 35 ′ 44 " N , 11 ° 0 ′ 26.4" E