Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann

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Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann (born November 21, 1819 in Warsaw , † July 11, 1881 in Copenhagen ) was a German-Polish-Danish painter from the Düsseldorf School of Painting .

Life

Anna Maria Elisabeth Lisinska Baumann, daughter of German parents, was born in Jolibord , a summer holiday resort outside Warsaw, and grew up here and in Gdansk , her mother's home. Her father Philip Adolph Baumann (1776–1863) was a card maker , her mother's name was Johanne Frederike, née Reyer (1790–1854). Her sister was the Warsaw old singer Rosa Baumann.

In 1838, at the age of nineteen, Elisabeth Baumann came to Düsseldorf after she had previously been taught by Julius Hübner the Elder. Ä. in Berlin had been rejected for lack of talent as a student. Until 1845 she trained as the first private student with Karl Ferdinand Sohn and Hermann Stilke in Düsseldorf to become a portrait and history painter. She was also looked after by Theodor Hildebrandt , Carl Friedrich Lessing and Wilhelm von Schadow . As early as 1840 she showed her first painting, a bride going to church . She had further success in 1842 with the painting The Holy Caecilie and in 1844 with the pictures The Polish mother with her children and the Polish family on the ruins of their house, which were inspired by the Polish uprisings and were created under the direction of Carl Ferdinand Sohn . Thematically, she joined a socially critical tendency, as it is also echoed in the painting The Silesian Weavers by Carl Wilhelm Hübner or Workers Before the City Council , 1848, by Johann Peter Hasenclever , from the same year .

  • Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann: Self-Portrait, 1848

  • Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann: The Brothers Grimm, 1855

  • Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann: The wounded soldier, 1865

  • Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann: An Egyptian Fellach woman with her baby, 1872

  • Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann: Girl with a hood, 1879

In 1845 she fulfilled her greatest wish and went to Rome , where she met her husband, the Danish sculptor Jens Adolf Jerichau, and got married there in 1846. When the artist couple were not traveling, she spent many hours a day in their studio. She liked to paint pictures of popular life in Rome and was particularly enthusiastic about the theme of the Italian Carnival.

In 1849 she followed her husband to Denmark , where he received a professorship at the Royal Danish Academy of Art . In 1851 their son Harald Jerichau was born . Due to her international background and especially as a German of origin, Jerichau-Baumann had a difficult position in Denmark in the middle of the century, as the Schleswig-Holstein War from 1848 to 1851 put a heavy strain on relations with Germans. Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann only succeeded in gaining official recognition with the painterly theming of war experience. Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann was very productive and painted numerous portraits, such as that of the Brothers Grimm , which served as a template for the 1,000-mark note of the fourth and last series of the Deutsche Mark. To this end, she corresponded with Herman Grimm , son of Wilhelm Grimm . She also portrayed important Danes, such as the actress Johanne Luise Heiberg and the Danish royal family of Christian IX. with Queen Louise of Denmark (1817–1898) and their daughters. But despite this royal patronage, the Danish art world for its part remained hypothermic and the Royal Painting Collection only showed one of its pictures: The picture The Wounded Soldier was purchased for the Royal Collection in 1866 on her recommendation to the Minister of Culture. She did not receive confirmation as a painter in Denmark, which she had longed for, during her lifetime, but had great success abroad with several large exhibitions in various European cities. She was the only painter to be represented in the exhibition of the Düsseldorf Painting School at the Düsseldorf Gallery in New York in 1851 .

From 1869 to 1870 Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann traveled several times to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, and again from 1874 to 1875 accompanied by her son Harald. Elisabeth gained access to the harems of the Ottoman Empire , in 1869 she was granted access to the harem by Mustafa Fazil Pascha and she was able to paint the oriental scenes of harem life from her own eyes. She mostly depicted life-size figures, such as the Greek shepherd at the Parthenon or romanticizing depictions of Egyptian women in the harem.

family

Jens Adolf and Elisabeth Jerichau had nine children, two of whom died in childhood. Recognized painters were Harald (1851–1878), who died of malaria and typhus soon after his trip to the Middle East with his mother, and Holger (1861–1900), who painted predominantly Impressionist landscapes. The painter found her final resting place on Solbjerg Parkkirkegård in Frederiksberg, where her husband is also buried.

Works (selection)

  • Danmark ( Mother Denmark ), 1851 (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen), exhibited: Bismarck-Prussia, Germany and Europe , Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin 1990
  • Mother Poland , 1857
  • Sunday Evening , 1858 (Brighton and Hove Museums & Art Galleries)
  • Wounded Danish soldier , 1865, oil / canvas, 107 × 142.5 cm; signed: Elisabeth Jerichau 1865 (Copenhagen Art Museum)
  • An Egyptian Fellah Woman with her Child , 1872, oil / canvas, 98.5 × 129.2 cm (Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen)
  • Britannia , 1873, oil / canvas, 216 × 162 cm (Kunsten Museum of Modern Art, Aalborg)
  • To Egyptian Pottery Seller near Gizeh , 1876–1878
  • Italian (ARoS Aarhus Art Museum)
  • Icelandic girl. In the black national costume u. black hood with the long tassel falling on the neck , 1852, 64.5 × 54 cm (Boetticher, No. 11: Kunsthalle Hamburg, legacy N. Hudtwalcker 1863)
  • Girl's head , 1875, oil on canvas, 51 × 45 cm (Boetticher, No. 50: Museum Leipzig, gift from Hedwig von Holstein 1889)
  • Jutian girls in church , life size, knee, 115 × 81 cm. - “Belle Viole!” Italian children performing violets , 52 × 62 cm (Boetticher, No. 65 and 66: Städt. Museum Danzig)

Portraits:

  • Marie Sophie Friederike , Queen-Widow of Denmark, b. Princess of Hessen-Kassel , 1852, exhibited: Academic Art Exhibition Dresden 1853, World Exhibition Paris 1855
  • Johanne Luise Heiberg , actress (1812–1890), 1852 (National Museum of Art, Copenhagen)
  • The Brothers Grimm , 1855; Oil / canvas, 63 × 54 cm (Alte Nationalgalerie - Staatliche Museen zu Berlin)
  • Sir John Bowring , politician (1772–1872), exhibited: Academic Art Exhibition Berlin 1870, Breslau 1871
  • Queen Olga of Greece , exhibited: Vienna, art exhibition of the 1873 World's Fair
  • Princess Nazili Hanum, Stambul , 1875
  • Sophie, the artist's daughter , exhibited at: Royal Academy of the Arts, Berlin 1878
  • Levin Schücking , writer (1830–1895)

Kongernes Samling (Royal Collection) Amalienborg , Copenhagen:

  • Prince Frederik , 1852
  • The Princesses Alexandra and Dagmar , 1856
Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann: Princesses Alexandra and Dagmar of Denmark , 1856
  • Princess Alexandra of Denmark (later Queen Alexandra, 1844–1925), 1861, oil / canvas / mounted on wood, 62 × 54.8 cm
  • Queen Louise , 1881 Oil / canvas, 238 × 214 cm

The National History Museum Frederiksborg:

Göteborgs konstmuseum:

Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen:

  • Jens Adolf Jerichau , sculptor, 142 × 95 cm; Signed: Elisabeth Jerichau Baumann Hamburg 1846 , exhibited: Vienna, art exhibition of the 1873 world exhibition
  • Emma Kraft , writer, 119 × 85.5 cm, 1867; unidentifier

Exhibitions (selection)

Awards

  • Small gold medal, Berlin 1868 ( The Wounded Soldier , Britannia )
  • Grand Prix Amsterdam 1886

Fonts

  • Ungdomserindringer (Youth Memories), Copenhagen 1874
  • Til Erindring om Harald Jerichau (In memory of Harald Jerichau), Copenhagen 1879
  • Brogede rejsebilleder (Colorful Travel Pictures), 1881

literature

  • Obituary. In: Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst. 17, 1881, col. 100 ff.
  • Obituary. In: Illustrirte Zeitung Leipzig. No. 77, 1881, p. 103, with portrait (woodcut).
  • Sigurd Müller: Nyere Danske Malerkunst et Billedvaerk. Copenhagen 1884. With portrait (wood engraving by HP Hansen).
  • Nicolaj Bøgh: Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann. En characteristic . J. Jørgensen, Copenhagen 1886.
  • Jerichau-Baumann, Anna Maria Elisabeth. In: Friedrich von Boetticher: painter works of the 19th century. Contribution to art history. Volume 1/2, sheets 31–61: Heideck – Mayer, Louis. Ms. v. Boetticher's Verlag, Dresden 1895, pp. 612-613 ( archive.org ).
  • John Paulsen: Nye Erindinger. Copenhagen 1901, pp. 1-59.
  • Kvindelige Kunstneres Retrospective Utstilling, den frie utstillingsbygning; Copenhagen, Sept. 18 - Oct. 14, 1920, p. 14; P. 24: No. 43 Portrait of HC Andersen (Frøken Melchior), No. 44 Portrait of JA Jerichau (Mrs. Jerichau, Hørsholm), No. 45 Portrait of Mrs. Helberg (Glyptotek), No. 48 Ægypterinde (Egyptian) (Director Helge Jacobsen) , No. 49 Husandagt (house devotion ) (Lehnsgreve Lerche, Lerchenborg).
  • Jerichau-Baumann, Elisabeth Maria Anna (Lisinska). In: Svend Dahl, P Engelstoft (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Haandleksikon. Volume 2: Th. Hansen – Nordby. Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1923, p. 248 ( rosekamp.dk different date of birth November 27, 1819).
  • Ingeborg Buhl : Jerichau-Baumann, Elisabeth . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 18 : Hubatsch – Ingouf . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1925, p. 530 .
  • Clara Erskine Clement: Women in the fine arts. Cambridge / Mass. 1904, reprinted New York 1974.
  • Ariane Neuhaus-Koch (Ed.): Towards oblivion. Women in the intellectual history of Düsseldorf. Life pictures and chronicles. Ahasvera-Verlag, Neuss 1989, ISBN 3-927720-01-1 . With ill .: Portrait of an Italian woman.
  • Cordula Grewe: In: Hans Paffrath , Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf (Hrsg.): Lexicon of the Düsseldorf School of Painting. Volume 2, Bruckmann, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2 , pp. 181-182 (2 figs.)
  • Bettina Baumgärtel (Ed.): The Düsseldorf School of Painting and its International Radiance 1819–1918. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9 , Volume 2, pp. 196-197.
  • Elisabeth Oxfeldt: Nordic Orientalism: Paris and the Cosmopolitan Imagination 1800–1900. Museum Tusculanum Press, 2005, ISBN 87-635-0134-1 (English).
  • Deborah Cherry, Janice Helland: Women Artists in the Nineteenth Century. Ashgate, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7546-3197-2 (English).
  • Philip Weilbach : Jerichau, Elisabeth Marie Anna . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 8 : Holst – Juul . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1894, p. 438-441 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  • Mary Roberts: Intimate Outsiders. The Harem in Ottoman and Orientalist Art and Travel Literature. Duke University Press, Durham and London 2007, p. 133, p. 139, p. 140, p. 172, notes 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12.
  • Sine Krogh, Birgitte Fink: Breve fra London. Elisabeth Jerichau Baumann og den victorianske kunstverden (Letters from London. Elisabeth Jerichau Baumann and the Victorian Art World), Strandberg Publishing, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Elisabeth Jerichau Baumann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lexicon of the Düsseldorf School of Painting. Volume 2, p. 181.
  2. ↑ The Polish-Danish Painter Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann is the first student from Denmark a. becomes a private student v. CF son u. W. v. Schadow ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com
  3. ↑ acquired from Count Atanazy Raczyński in Berlin.
  4. ↑ acquired from Lord Lansdowne in London.
  5. ^ Julia Voss: A find and its unknown artist. From the Berlin museum depot: The famous portrait of the Grimms comes from Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. June 2, 2015, p. 11.
  6. ↑ Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann to Herman Grimm (11 letters) , from bibliothek.uni-kassel.de, accessed on August 25, 2015
  7. ^ Elisabeth-Jerichau-Baumann. The Royal Danish Collection Amalienborg
  8. ↑ Catalog No. 3c / 38; Color illustration.
  9. ^ Art Journal VI, 1855, p. 299.
  10. ^ Breslau Art Exhibition 1871. Organized by the Silesian Art Association in the halls of the Silesian Patriotic Society (Blücherplatz in the stock exchange building) opened on May 28th. Breslau [1871], No. 603.
  11. ^ Official art catalog [of the WA]. 2nd edition, Vienna 1873, Denmark, no.49.
  12. ^ Illustration of the Princess Zineb Nazli Effendi Khanum (1853–1913). She was an Egyptian princess of the Muhammad Ali dynasty and one of the first women of literary salons in the Arab world in Cairo in the early 1880s. ( sothebys.com ).
  13. ↑ Directory of Westphalian portraits, Dortmund City Library 1927, No. 238: Levin Schücking, autotype after painting by E. Jerichau-Baumann.
  14. ↑ Figure: rct.uk
  15. ^ Official art catalog [of the WA]. 2nd edition, Vienna 1873, Denmark, No. 50.
  16. ↑ Kunstmuseets aarskrift, Copenhagen 1926: Emma Mathilde Kraft. 1867.
personal data
SURNAME Jerichau-Baumann, Elisabeth
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baumann, Elisabeth Maria Anna (maiden name); Jerichau-Baumann, Elisabeth Maria Anna (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Danish painter
DATE OF BIRTH November 21, 1819
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH July 11, 1881
Place of death Copenhagen