Emanuel Leutze

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Emanuel Leutze on a contemporary daguerreotype
Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze in his studio, painting John Knox and Maria Stuart , illustration by Henry Ritter in Schattenseiten der Düsseldorfer Maler , 1845
Columbus before the Queen (1843)
Washington Crossing the Delaware
Washington at Monmouth
Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way

Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (born May 24, 1816 in Schwäbisch Gmünd ; † July 18, 1868 in Washington, DC ) was a German-American history painter from the Düsseldorf School .

Life

Leutze came to the United States as a child in 1825 and studied painting in Philadelphia . At the age of 25 he returned to Europe for further studies. In Düsseldorf , where he stayed intermittently, Carl Friedrich Lessing had a formative influence on him. In 1841/1842 he studied at the Düsseldorf Art Academy for a year under Wilhelm von Schadow . Leutze is assigned to the Düsseldorf School of Painting . His most famous painting, Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851) (“ Washington Crossing the Delaware ”) dates from this period. The second version of this picture is now in the possession of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art , the first burned in 1942 in an Allied air raid in the Kunsthalle Bremen .

In 1842 he went to Munich and from there to Venice and Rome . In 1845 he returned to Düsseldorf, where he married Juliane Lottner in October. In August 1846 the daughter Ida Maria was born. He painted a portrait of his wife in 1846 (with a fan) and in 1847 ( the amber necklace , wife with daughter Ida in her arms). During his time in Europe, he mainly devoted his painting to motifs from European-American history, for example his first picture to Dusseldorf time, Columbus before the high council in Salamanca . This subject area also includes works such as Columbus at the gate of the La Nahida monastery , Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elisabeth on the walk (1845), Torquemada instructs King Ferdinand to reject the embassy of the Jews (1846), Puritans, his daughter in front of a Madonna surprising (1847) and Washington near Monmouth (1852-1854).

In 1852 Leutze received the "great gold medal for art" from the Royal Prussian Academy of the Arts in Berlin for excellent works at the previous year's Great Art Exhibition. In the 1850s Leutze lived at Schadowstrasse 60, formerly Steinweg 212. Rudolf Wiegmann had completed the Schadow'sche house on the property in 1838.

In 1859 he moved back to America, where he was to decorate the boardrooms of Congress and the Senate in the Washington Capitol with historical wall paintings. In 1861 he created under this contract the monumental mural Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way after the year before a full member ( NA ) of the National Academy of Design was elected - his local honorary membership ( Honorary Member ) since 1843 did not satisfy him , Like every other member, he also wanted to face a jury. He did so by submitting a portrait study by George Washington ( George Washington, Study for Washington Crossing the Delaware , c. 1850, 53.3 cm × 43.2 cm, oil on canvas).

plant

The influence of the Düsseldorf School of Painting on Leutze - the works of this school were often characterized by a reference to poetry - is also evident in the fact that both the mural in the Washington Capitol and the picture of the Delaware crossing are linked to a literary text : In the Capitol through a line of verse by George Berkeley , in the picture of Washington through words from the eulogy that Henry Lee wrote on the occasion of the death of George Washington. Lee's words were on a pompous gold frame during the Civil War , restored in 2012 from an 1864 photograph. Washington Crossing the Delaware is an integral part of the national iconography of the USA and has accordingly often been caricatured, used in works of art and photomontages.

Cultural policy work

For a long time, Leutze was president of the Düsseldorf Artists Association for mutual support and assistance . In the revolutionary year of 1848 he was one of the founders of the Malkasten artists' association and was involved in the initiative to found a Rhenish-Westphalian Academy. In this way, the dogmatic royal Prussian apprenticeship was to be countered with self-determined training. His democratic attitude was the reason to make him the first chairman of the paint box. Leutzes' signature came in third place (out of a total of 17) when the application to award the poet Ferdinand Freiligrath honorary membership in the Malkasten. The poet, however, renounced honorary membership after protests by reactionary artists. It is thanks in particular to Leutzes' work that Düsseldorf gained notoriety in the art scene across the Atlantic and became a Mecca for US artists. Heinrich von Angeli , Moritz Blanckarts , Georg Caleb Bingham , David Edward Cronin , William Stanley Haseltine , William Morris Hunt , John Beaufain Irving , Eastman Johnson , Otto Knille were among those painters, some of whom even worked in his studio or received private lessons from him , Enoch Wood Perry , William Dickinson Washington , Worthington Whittredge , Charles Wimar and Richard Caton Woodville . In 1856 Leutze was also involved in founding the General German Art Cooperative .

Exhibitions

  • Emanuel Leutze. My roses don't bloom in Germany . For the 200th birthday of the German-American history painter. Museum im Prediger , Schwäbisch Gmünd, until August 28, 2016.

literature

Web links

Commons : Emanuel Leutze  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "But the academic compulsory school attendance did not seem to have a good influence on the spirit of the artist," states Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter in Düsseldorf artists from the last twenty-five years , Leipzig 1854, pp. 135–148, here: 139.
  2. ↑ Artists of the Düsseldorf School of Painting (selection, status: November 2016): Directory with almost 2500 entries provides, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the artists associated with the Düsseldorf School of Painting. Primarily the people were recorded who studied here at the Art Academy (KA), took private lessons (PU) or worked artistically in Düsseldorf. (PDF) , on smkp.de, accessed on February 4, 2017
  3. ^ Civil status, births: August 26th, Ida Maria, T. of the painter Emanuel Leutze , in Düsseldorfer Kreisblatt and Daily Anzeiger, (No. 247), from September 11, 1846 (No. 247)
  4. ↑ Illustration "The Amber Chain", 1847, oil on canvas, 91 x 77 cm, ins. ul: E Leutze 1847, collections museum in the Prediger Schwäbisch Gmünd.
  5. ^ Wend von Kalnein: Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule , Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 233, 400 ff.
  6. ↑ Weekly art report , in Düsseldorfer Journal and Kreisblatt (No. 43), from February 19, 1853
  7. ^ People, Emanuel, painter, Schadowstr. 60 , in address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf, 1855, p. 84
  8. ^ People, E., painter, Steinweg 212 , in the apartment gazette and address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf, 1850, p. 117
  9. ↑ Schadow, DW von, Director of the local art academy, Steinweg 212 4/20 , in the apartment gazette and address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf, 1850, 1855, p. 165
  10. ^ Nationalacademy.org: Artists & Architects "L" / HM 1843; NA 1860 ( Memento of the original dated December 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on July 1, 2015)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nationalacademy.org
  11. ↑ David Bernard Dearinger: Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design: 1826-1925 , Hudson Hills, 2004. ISBN 978-1-555-95029-3 (p 359)
  12. ↑ Jochen Hörisch: UT POESIS PICTURA - Correspondence between the Düsseldorf school of painting and romantic poetry . In: Wend von Kalnein (Ed.): The Düsseldorf School of Painting . Philipp von Zabern, 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 41-47 .
  13. ^ Carrie Rebora Barrat: Washington Crossing the Delaware: restoring an American masterpiece . MET, New York 2011, p. 8th f . metpublications
  14. ↑ Thomas Giese: Painting School on the Barricades . 2012
  15. ↑ Malkasten Artists 'Association: One hundred and fifty years of Malkasten Artists' Association . Richter, Düsseldorf 1998, p. 87 .
  16. ↑ Then go over to this America , Die Welt from April 18, 2016, accessed on April 18, 2016
personal data
SURNAME Leutze, Emanuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Leutze, Emanuel Gottlieb (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American painter
DATE OF BIRTH May 24, 1816
PLACE OF BIRTH Schwäbisch Gmünd
DATE OF DEATH July 18, 1868
Place of death Washington, DC