Emil Hipp

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Academy for youth leadership of the Hitler Youth , "Hall of Honor", with a mosaic ceiling, twelve meter high columns and two monumental reliefs by Hipp
Hipps relief "Loyalty" on the south side of the academy for youth leadership
Hipps relief "Honor" on the north side

Emil Hipp (born March 10, 1893 in Stuttgart , † August 1, 1965 in Kiefersfelden ) was a German sculptor . Hipp is a representative of the neoclassical style, which was also widespread in architecture during National Socialism .

Hipp supplied reliefs and sculptures for representative, National Socialist buildings such as the Führerbau in Munich , the Friedrich Nietzsche Memorial in Weimar or the Academy for Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth in Braunschweig . His biggest project before 1945 was the design of the Richard Wagner National Monument in Leipzig , which remained unfinished. After 1945 he mainly designed war memorials .

Life

Hipp received training at the Bürgererschule in Stuttgart and the Realschule in Ludwigsburg . In 1909 he began an apprenticeship as a sculptor with the master wood carver Müller. In 1910 he studied at the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts and in 1911 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Stuttgart with the sculptor Ludwig Habich . In 1913 he spent a year studying in Rome, Florence and Switzerland.

From 1914 to 1918 Hipp was a soldier in the First World War . In 1918 he continued his studies in Stuttgart. He passed the state examination with distinction in 1920 and began working as a freelance artist with his own studio in Stuttgart in 1921. From 1921 to 1932 he worked as a sculptor. He created monuments and tombs. He designed the portal for the Argentine National Bank, carried out orders for the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen , designed a cinema in Rostock and created a statue for the King of Siam.

Laying of the foundation stone for the Richard Wagner National Monument in Leipzig by Adolf Hitler in the presence of the Lord Mayor Carl Friedrich Goerdeler on March 6, 1934

Hipp won the competition of the city of Leipzig in 1932 on the 50th anniversary of Richard Wagner's death (1933) for a Richard Wagner memorial; Gustav Allinger was responsible for the green space design . On March 6, 1934, the foundation stone was laid by Adolf Hitler , which has now been declared a "Richard Wagner National Monument" . A " Richard Wagner Grove " measuring 150 by 80 meters was created, Hipp planned 250 tons of marble. By 1944, the order was almost complete. The city financed the 3.6 million Reichsmark expensive work through to completion. To carry out this major order, Hipp moved to a specially built studio in Kiefersfelden in order to obtain sufficient quantities of Untersberg marble.

For the Führerbau built in Munich from 1933 to 1937 according to plans by the architect Paul Ludwig Troost , Hipp designed the stucco relief day and night .

In 1936, Hipp was appointed to an art professorship at the State Art College in Weimar by Paul Schultze-Naumburg .

For according to the architect in the years 1937 to 1939 Erich zu Putlitz executed Academy for Youth Leadership of the Hitler Youth , he designed the reliefs loyalty and honor , based on the slogan My honor is loyalty . As an employee of zu Putlitz, he also took part in the competition for designing the banks of the Elbe in Hamburg in 1937.

In 1938, Hipp contributed several designs to the design of the Nietzsche Memorial Hall , which was started in 1934 and whose selection committee was headed by Paul Schultze-Naumburg.

After the liberation from National Socialism, the Wagner monument was no longer politically wanted, it was sold piece by piece.

War memorial in Kiefersfelden depicting Siegfried as a dragon slayer

From 1947 Hipp participated in various national and international competitions for sculpture, architecture and urban planning. He created war memorials in Knittlingen , Kuchen , Kiefersfelden, Wildbad in the Black Forest , Tübingen, Edelfingen , Mönsheim and Löwenstein . He designed facades, systems and tombs. In the Spanish exclave of Melilla he created a figure for the memorial to the Spaniards who died on the Francoist side in the Spanish Civil War .

The Majolikarelief for the city hospital in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt he has also designed.

Emil Hipp died in 1965 after a serious illness. He was married to Johanna Hipp, who died in 2008.

Aftermath

New controversy about Hipps Wagner monument in Leipzig

The monument, which was no longer erected in Leipzig in 1945, led to a controversy in 2008 between the monument curator and supporter Wolfgang Hocquél , who declared it a “neoclassical work”, “an imaginative, allegorical sculptural work of timeless aesthetics”, and the art historian Frank Zöllner , who wrote the the same reliefs as a homage to the "strength, eternity and confidence of the National Socialist youth" and thus considers Nazi propaganda art. Zöllner rated Hipp overall as a "first-rate Nazi sculptor ". Hocquél advocated the erection of the Hipps memorial on the occasion of Wagner's 200th birthday in 2013. A memorial by Stephan Balkenhol will be made for the 200th birthday on May 22, 2013 , the base of which consists of an unfinished memorial by the artist Max Klinger .

Reception in right-wing extremism

In 1990, Alain de Benoist published the series Kleine Bibliothek der deutschen Kunst as the first volume in the Grabert-Verlag series : The sculptor Emil Hipp and his work: The Richard Wagner Memorial for Leipzig . Georg Franz-Willing wrote the foreword . In it, Benoist places Hipp in a row with Arno Breker and Josef Thorak .

The studio in Kiefersfelden

The atelier in Kiefersfelden was kept by the widow and the Hipp family.

literature

  • Grit Hartmann : Richard Wagner attached. A Leipzig memorial in documents 1931–1955. Forum Verlag, Leipzig 2003, ISBN 978-3-93180135-9 .
  • Marie-Louise Monrad Møller: Wagner in the shadow. The history of the Richard Wagner monument in Leipzig. Sax-Verlag, Leipzig 2014, pp. 111 - 162, ISBN 978-3-86729-529-1

Individual evidence

  1. Archive link ( Memento of the original from May 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. http://www.meinhardmichael.de/2011/06/gedachtnislucken/ http://www.notenspur-leipzig.de/data/de/downloaddaten/Leipziger_Notenrad-Stationstexte-080820.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. http://www.tabularasa-jena.de/artikel/artikel_2142/  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wagner-verband-leipzig.de @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.notenspur-leipzig.de  
  2. Alexander Krause: Arcisstrasse 12. Palais Pringsheim - Führerbau - America House - University of Music and Theater. Allitera-Verlag, Munich 2005, p. 42. ( online at Google books )
  3. a b “A Nazi Sculptor of the First Order” Leipzig argues about a NS Wagner memorial Conversation between Stefan Koldehoff (Deutschlandradio) and Frank Zöllner on March 3, 2008, accessed on August 30, 2012
  4. ^ Manfred Bültemann: Architecture for the Third Reich. The Academy for German Youth Leadership in Braunschweig. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1986, p. 81. ( online at Google books )
  5. Short biography Erich zu Putlitz ( memento from April 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) at www.architekturarchiv-web.de , accessed on September 4, 2012
  6. Jürgen Krause: "Martyrs" and "Prophet". Walter de Gruyter, 1984, p. 226ff. ( online at Google Books )
  7. Grit Hartmann: Richard Wagner attached. A Leipzig memorial in documents 1931–1955. Forum Verlag, Leipzig 2003, ISBN 978-3-93180135-9 , p. 59.
  8. [1] .
  9. Propaganda Art . Respect me masters. In: Der Spiegel of March 3, 2008, accessed on August 30, 2012
  10. ^ Message from the City of Leipzig: "Stephan Balkenhol should design the future Wagner monument" from June 14, 2011 ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 30, 2012  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.leipzig.de
  11. Alain de Benoist: The sculptor Emil Hipp and his work. The Richard Wagner Memorial for Leipzig. Grabert, Tübingen 1990, ISBN 3-87847-102-5 .
  12. Circular letter of the knight drama kiefersfelden October 2007 ( Memento of the original of June 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on August 30, 2012  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ritterschauspiele-kiefersfelden.de
  13. Impartial voter community Kiefersfelden: Visit to a forgotten artist called on August 30, 2012
  14. www.perlentaucher.de, FAZ review accessed on August 30, 2012, FAZ review from June 27, 2003 accessed on September 4, 2012

Web links

Commons : Emil Hipp  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files