Engelberg (Leonberg)

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Engelberg and the new A 81 tunnel , seen from the north (June 2006)
The Engelberg served the Franks to secure borders. The border of the Speyr diocese corresponded to the Frankish demarcation line of 496
Engelberg around 1852 from the southwest
Name wall of the concentration camp memorial at the south portal of the old west tube
Engelberg in winter

The Engelberg (481.0 m above sea level. NHN ) in Baden-Württemberg is located in the eastern part of the Leonberger Old Town, about eleven kilometers west of Stuttgart . On the mountain spur of the “ Glemswald- Randhöhen”, once known as the “ Endelberg”, there is an observation tower. The Engelberg base tunnel of the A 81 runs underneath . Coming from Heilbronn , the A 81 meets the Leonberg motorway triangle after the Engelberg tunnel .

history

Franconian border post

In the early Middle Ages, Engelberg had strategic importance as a border post: After the Alamanni had lost the Battle of Zülpich (496) against Rhine Franconia under Sigibert of Cologne and Salfranken under Clovis I , Clovis , who then converted to Christianity, expanded his sphere of influence to the southeast and pushed the Alamannen behind a newly created "Franconian-Alemannic Limes". This ran through Baden-Württemberg from the Oos estuary over the Black Forest to the upper reaches of the Glems , in order to now follow the course of the river and at Grüningen to pivot again to the east in the direction of the Welzheimer Wald . The Franks made an exception to the Engelberg to the right of the Glems, which they, like the Hohenasperg , Lemberg , Hagberg and other elevations, apparently wanted to have on their side of the border for strategic reasons.

Accordingly, the extended area to Alemannic then Bistum Speyer defined, and therefore the built from 1248 below the Engelbergs Leonberg to reformation to land section Grüningen the Speyer diocese belonged.

Medieval castle

The "Burghalde" on the western edge of Engelberg refers to a medieval castle that was called "Burgstall" as early as 1350, that is, a hundred years after the city was founded; replaced by a new castle on the southwest corner of Leonberg's old town, which was later converted into a palace.

Poor Conrad's camp

In the course of the rebellion of the poor Konrad , the Engelberg served as a meeting place and field camp for the rebels from Leonberg and the surrounding communities. When all subjects in the country were supposed to accept the Tübingen Treaty in homage, the "rebels" gathered on the Engelberg refused because they saw their complaints and demands disregarded. Due to strong influx from everywhere, the camp reached a critical mass that forced Duke Ulrich to negotiate. In contrast to the Rems valley, the uprising finally came to an end without blood.

Concentration camp memorial

At the south portal of the disused west tunnel (passage) of the old Engelberg tunnel , in which aircraft parts were produced by concentration camp prisoners of a satellite camp of the Alsatian Natzweiler-Struthof during the Second World War , is the Leonberg concentration camp memorial, which is part of the network of memorials in the former concentration camp -Complex Natzweiler belongs. The nameplate, inaugurated on May 8, 2005 and designed by the Tübingen artist Johannes Kares , stands here.

The former water tower on Engelberg is now used as a lookout tower

Engelberg Tower

Coming from the north, west or south you can already see the water tower built in 1928 on the Engelberg, the Engelberg Tower, a landmark of the city of Leonberg. Operation as a water tower was discontinued in 1953. Since then it has served as a lookout point. The 34.7 m high tower has 123 steps and a viewing platform on the fifth floor.

From the Engelbergturm you have an excellent view of the Strohgäu and its transitions to the Heckengäu . From May to October it is open on Sundays and public holidays between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. if the weather is good. Another vantage point on the south side of the hilltop overlooks Leonberg's old town, Eltingen and the industrial area that extends to the Leonberg motorway triangle .

60 meters west-north-west of the Engelberg tower is the small Engelberg tower, a former high watchtower, probably built in the 17th century, from which there was a line of sight to Leonberg at the time.

Engelberg tunnel

As Engelbergtunnel are Autobahntunnel age Engelbergtunnel and his successor structure, the Engelberg base tunnel called. Both cross under Engelberg east of Leonberg in the course of Autobahn 81 Stuttgart - Heilbronn . Construction of today's Engelberg base tunnel began on July 25, 1995 ; normal operations began on August 12, 1999. Both tunnel tubes are each 2,530 meters long and contain three lanes and a shoulder lane with a reduced width. The 318 m long first Engelberg tunnel was opened to traffic on November 5, 1938 after a construction period of three years; due to safety concerns, it has now been almost completely filled.

literature

  • Jens U. Schmidt, Günther Bosch, Albert Baur: Water towers in Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86929-002-7
  • Andreas Schmauder : Württemberg in the uprising - the poor Konrad 1514. A contribution to the rural and urban resistance in the Old Kingdom and to the territorialization process in the Duchy of Württemberg at the turn of the early modern period . DRW-Verlag, Leinfelden-Echterdingen 1998, ISBN 3-87181-421-0 , ( Writings on Southwest German regional studies 21)

Web links

Commons : Engelberg  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. Geoportal Baden-Württemberg ( information )
  2. See map of the Franconian-Alemannic Mark and map of the Archdiakonat Trinitatis
  3. Source: Ortslexikon BW (ONDB) ( Memento of the original dated November 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / maja.bsz-bw.de
  4. Andreas Schmauder : Württemberg in the uprising - the poor Konrad 1514. A contribution to the rural and urban resistance in the Old Kingdom and the territorialization process in the Duchy of Württemberg at the turn of the early modern period . DRW-Verlag, Leinfelden-Echterdingen 1998, ISBN 3-87181-421-0 , ( writings on south-west German regional studies 21).
  5. Leonberg Concentration Camp Memorial Initiative e. V.
  6. The small Engelberg tower on the website of the city of Leonberg

Coordinates: 48 ° 48 '  N , 9 ° 2'  E