Enrique Pla y Deniel

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Archbishop Enrique Pla y Deniel (ca.1944)
Cardinal coat of arms

Enrique Cardinal Pla y Deniel (born December 19, 1876 in Barcelona , Spain , † July 5, 1968 in Toledo ) was Archbishop of Toledo . His appointment fell during the Spanish Civil War , during which he proved to be a passionate supporter of Francisco Franco .

Church career

Enrique Pla y Deniel studied after his school days in Barcelona and Rome , as a seminarian at the Pontifical Spanish College of St. Joseph , the subjects of Catholic theology and philosophy . He received on 25 July 1900, the sacrament of the priesthood and worked after completing further studies in 1903 in the Archdiocese of Barcelona as a parish pastor , lecturer in the formation of priests and journalists .

Pope Benedict XV appointed him Bishop of Ávila in 1918 . He received his episcopal ordination from the Apostolic Nuncio in Spain , Archbishop Francesco Ragonesi , on June 8, 1919. Pope Pius XI. made him head of the diocese of Salamanca in 1935 . Pius XII. entrusted Enrique Pla y Deniel in 1941 with the management of the Archdiocese of Toledo.

Pope Pius XII took him on February 18, 1946 as a cardinal priest with the titular church of San Pietro in Montorio in the college of cardinals . At the same time he was awarded the Collane of the Order de Isabel la Católica . Enrique Pla y Deniel took part in the conclave in both 1958 and 1963 , and participated in the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965 . He died on July 5, 1968 in Toledo and was buried in the local cathedral .

Participation in war and dictatorship

During the Spanish Civil War , Enrique Pla y Deniel supported the national movement of the coup General Francisco Franco . He was an opponent of the Second Republic . On September 30, 1936, he offered Franco his palace in Salamanca as his headquarters. In a pastoral letter published the same day , he sharply attacked the politics of the left government and described the nationalist attack command of Franco as the “heavenly state of the children of God”, in the sense of the Augustinian De civitate Dei . His superior, the Primacy of Spain, Archbishop Isidoro Cardinal Gomá y Tomás , blessed this collaboration on November 24, 1936 with his pastoral letter.

Two months after the end of the war, Pla y Deniel invited the Spanish archbishops to Toledo, where they discussed the possibilities of a suitable share of power from the point of view of the church, which provided for a small amount of power for the fascist Falange . A corresponding pastoral letter was not published in September 1939 under pressure from the Interior Minister. In May 1942 he saw it as proven that the Francoist state had "restored the Catholic unity of Spain". In August 1945 he published another pastoral letter in which he showed himself to be a passionate supporter of the dictatorship and in February 1946 he presented the war of the Spanish nationalists as what he saw as a real " crusade " at a meeting of the highest church hierarchy in Rome .

In 1960 he reappeared politically and demanded that the police should spare the Catholic trade unions Hermandad Obrera de Acción Católica (HOAC) and Juventud Obrera Católica (JOC), with whom he pursued the goal of increasing the mobilizing power of left-wing unions, mainly in the North of the country to break.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d René Rémond : Religion et Société en Europe - La sécularisation aux XIXe et XXe siècles 1789–2000 . In: Richard Figuier (Ed.): Points Histoire . 2nd Edition. H289. Éditions du Seuil, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-02-049590-2 , pp. 213, 218, 241 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Bartolomé Bennassar, Jean-Pierre Amalric, Jacques Beyrie, Lucienne Domergue: Histoire des Espagnols - XVIIIe-XXe siècle . In: Marguerite de Marcillac (Ed.): Collection Tempus . tape 2 , no. 378 . Editions Perrin, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-262-03441-2 , pp. 420 f., 491, 602 f .
  3. ^ Carlos Collado Seidel : On the religious dimension of violence and the legitimation of General Franco's rule in the Spanish Civil War . In: The Catholic Church and Violence. Europe and Latin America in the 20th century . Cologne u. a. 2013. pp. 79-100.
  4. ^ Antony Beevor : La Guerre d'Espagne . No. 31153 . Éditions Calmann-Lévy, Paris 2006, ISBN 978-2-253-12092-6 , pp. 184 (text passage), 780 (list of sources) (le texte intégral de la lettre pastorale figure dans: Antonio Montero Moreno : Historia de la persecución religiosa en España 1936–1939 (thèse doctorale, 1961, réédité) / première parution Antony Beevor: The Battle for Spain , publié aux éditions Weindenfeld & Nicolson, 2006).
  5. ↑ a b Peer Schmidt , et al .: Brief history of Spain . Ed .: Peer Schmidt. No. 17039 . Reclam-Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-017039-7 , p. 450 .

literature

  • Ha muerto el cardenal primado . Ecclesia, July 13, 1968, pp. 16-18.
  • Enrico Cardinal Pla y Deniel , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 38/1968 of September 9, 1968, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Isidro Cardinal Gomá y Tomás Archbishop of Toledo
1941–1968 		Vicente Cardinal Enrique y Tarancón
personal data
SURNAME Pla y Deniel, Enrique
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pla y Deniel, Cardinal Enrique
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish clergyman, Archbishop of Toledo and Cardinal
DATE OF BIRTH December 19, 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH Barcelona , Spain
DATE OF DEATH 5th July 1968
Place of death Toledo , Spain