Ernst Dietrich Marshal

Ernst Dietrich Marschall , since 1760 Count Marschall (born October 31, 1692 in Burgholzhausen , † August 31, 1771 in Altenburg ) was an imperial general and governor of Luxembourg .

Life

He came from the Thuringian noble family of marshals , especially the Burgholzhausen line, and was the son of the Hereditary Marshal in Thuringia, Georg Caspar Marschall, and Elisabeth (a) nee. von Werthern. His baptism took place on November 4, 1692 in the Protestant church in Burgholzhausen. Wolf Friedrich Marschall was his older brother who took over his father's estate in Burgholzhausen in 1724, while Ernst Dietrich Marschall received the package .

In 1709 he joined the army of the Elector of Saxony as an ensign .

With this he made during the Spanish War of Succession with the campaign in the Netherlands under the command of Marlborough . He was promoted to lieutenant in 1710 during the siege of Aire . Five years later he became a first lieutenant in the siege of Stralsund . He took part in the campaigns in Poland and Hungary in 1716 as an adjutant.

In 1717 he changed to the imperial service. He was wounded during the siege of Messina . He subsequently became a captain, major (1717) and lieutenant colonel (1732). Between 1733 and 1736 he took part in the campaigns against France on the Italian theater of war during the War of the Polish Succession . Appointed Colonel, he received the Fürstenbusch Regiment in 1736. Between 1736 and 1739 he fought in the Russo-Austrian Turkish War and was promoted to major general in 1739.

He then changed temporarily to the service of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and in 1741 commanded an infantry brigade. A year later he served in the Bohemian army. He was badly wounded in the battle of Czaslau . In the Second Silesian War in 1744 he served in the army of the Prince of Lorraine . He took the Prussian-occupied Tábor fortress . In the Battle of Thrush in 1745 he commanded a brigade on the left wing. In the course of the battle he had to vacate his position. He suffered a severe head wound and lost parts of his brain. A silver plate was placed at this point.

In 1746 he was appointed Lieutenant Field Marshal . After a large part of the United Netherlands fell to the French in 1747 , the States General asked Marschall von Burgholzhausen of Maria Theresa to take over the defense of one of their last fortresses, the city of Maastricht . In 1749 he managed to hold the fortress against the Marshal of Saxony for several weeks. Only after the Peace of Aachen did he hand over the city.

Maria Theresa appointed him Feldzeugmeister and Privy Councilor . In 1755 he became governor of Luxembourg. With the outbreak of the Seven Years' War he was assigned to the Daun army in 1756 . In the battle of Kolin he commanded the infantry on the right wing and made a significant contribution to the favorable outcome of the battle. In the same year he covered Haddick's attack on Berlin with 10,000 men . He defended the city in 1758 after Frederick II's surprising advance to Olomouc . The heavy siege lasted from May to July. Frederick II was finally forced to break off the siege due to a lack of supplies.

Franz I raised Marshal von Burgholzhausen to the rank of imperial count . After the end of the Seven Years' War he again took over the office of governor of Luxembourg.

Later he lived mainly on his estates and was cathedral dean of Naumburg . He suffered a stroke in 1768 and died in Altenburg in 1771. After his death, his body was transferred to Naumburg and buried in Naumburg Cathedral . He was with Henriette Sophie, widowed von Einsiedel, geb. married by Schönberg. With this he had four children, of which two sons survived him. One of the sons was August Dietrich von Marschall auf Burgholzhausen .

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Marshal von Bieberstein, Ernst Dietrich Graf . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 17th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1867, pp. 12–14 ( digitized version ).
• Carl Freiherr von Beaulieu-Marconnay :  Marshal von Burgholzhausen, Ernst Dieterich, Count of . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 434 f.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ In the ADB he is referred to as Marshal von Burgholzhausen. However, he had renounced Burgholzhausen as early as 1724 and received the package from his father's inheritance and did not call himself after Burgholzhausen his entire life.