Evangelical town church Herborn

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South side with west tower
North side

The Evangelical Parish Church of Herborn is the central medieval church in the old town of Herborn .

location

The church is located on the mountainside in the west of the city, about the same height as Herborn Castle .

history

The church, which was probably built around 1200, was first mentioned in 1219 and was originally dedicated to St. Peter , later " Our Lady ". In 1231 it was given to the Teutonic Order in whose possession it remained until 1578. It was the most important church in the Nassau royal seat of Herborn.

Remains of the Romanesque building are still preserved in the west tower and the lower sections of the two choir towers, but the upper area was removed between 1811 and 1822 and has since ended under the broad roof. The Gothic choir with a five-eighth closure was built in 1318. Some of the wall paintings, which were uncovered again in 1909, also date from this period. The choir, which initially had a flat ceiling, was not vaulted until the end of the 15th century by the stonemason Michael Eseler .

Choir vault by Michael Eseler

Nassau turned to the Reformed direction during the Reformation . This made a radical conversion of the medieval church, designed for Roman Catholic masses , into a preacher's church necessary. The renovation was carried out (1598–1601) by Konrad Rossbach under Count Johann VI. from Nassau-Dillenburg . The side aisles of the original basilica were given the same height as the main nave . The new, flat ceiling was supported by beams and two pairs of columns that rested on the foundations of the former arcades between the main and side aisles. The two-storey galleries built into three sides of the main nave and the simple gallery built into the choir were intended to increase the number of possible listeners. The room was given an almost square floor plan . The pulpit was built on the triumphal arch .

Main nave with a view of the choir and two-storey side galleries

In 1751 the Gothic sacristy was converted into a crypt chapel for Princess Isabelle Charlotte von Nassau-Dillenburg († 1757). In 1787 the Romanesque west tower collapsed. The reconstruction lasted - due to the Napoleonic wars - finally until 1822 and was completed under Friedrich Ludwig Schrumpf . The neo-Gothic windows on the south side were added during the restoration work (architect Ludwig Hofmann ) in 1909.

The church is equipped with numerous tombstones, tombs and epitaphs , mostly for pastors, students and professors of the high school . The neo-Gothic epitaph for Caspar Olevian dates from 1887.

The church is a cultural monument due to the Hessian Monument Protection Act .

organ

A first organ is documented for 1637, it was built by the Herborn-based organ builder Ph. Horn. Nothing is known about the size and shape of this first instrument .

In 1889 Friedrich Weigle from Leinfelden-Echterdingen built a new organ, two manuals and a pedal , which had 23 registers .

The existing organ was built in 1966 by EF Walcker & Cie. built as Opus 4520. It has 50 stops on three manuals and a pedal.

The instrument was equipped with sliding chests, the action mechanism is mechanical, the stop action mechanism is electro-pneumatic. The organ found its place on the western section of the three-sided first gallery . The separately installed console is about one meter away from the case and faces the organ, which enables a choir to be set up directly around the console and the choir to conduct from the console.

The organ's symmetrical, slightly concave prospect takes up the colors of the balustrade and was designed by the organ expert and architect Walter Supper , who also designed the organ's layout together with Karl Tittel, the organist of the city church at the time. The plant brochure shows in the center in the upper part of the main work in five partially two-storied fields, including behind three fields with a veneer of vertical wooden struts the Brustwerk , these two works are flanked outwardly from two respective high areas of the pedal assembly , while the swell is not visible behind Haupt- and Brustwerk has found a lineup. In nine of the eleven prospectus fields, the pipe mouths slope from the outside to the inside, while the other two run in opposite directions. This creates a space above the lowest central pipe in the middle field, which is filled by a cymbal star .

The intonation was in the hands of the organ builders Maier and Heintz, who were employed by Walcker and who set up their own workshops in later years. In 1990 a cleansing took place, in the course of which the registers Hautbois 8 ′, Trumpet 8 ′ and Mixtur IV – VI were renewed, and the fifth of the main work was recompiled from the old mixing pipes.

Organ prospectus with Zimbelstern, in front of it the removed console

The disposition is as follows:

I breastwork C – g 3
1. Copper covered 8th'
2. Quintviola 8th'
3. Close principal 4 ′
4th Coupling flute 4 ′
5. Field flute 2 ′
6th Chamois fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
7th None flute 8 ⁄ 9 ′
8th. Cymbal pipe 1 ⁄ 6 ′
9. Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Spicy Mix IV – V 1'
11. musette 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
12. Pommer 16 ′
13. Principal 8th'
14th Gemshorn 8th'
15th octave 4 ′
16. Reed flute 4 ′
17th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
18th octave 2 ′
19th Flat flute 2 ′
20th Mixture IV-VI 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Zimbel II 1 ⁄ 3 ′
22nd Trumpet 8th'
23. Schalmey 4 ′
III Swell C – g 3
24. Flute principal 8th'
25th Covered 8th'
26th Salizional 8th'
27. Wide principal 4 ′
28. recorder 4 ′
29 Beat 4 ′
30th Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
31. Forest flute 2 ′
32. Third flute 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
33. Seventh flute 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
34. Flageolet 1'
35. Mixture V – VII 2 ′
36. Dulcian 16 ′
37. Hautbois 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
38. Principal bass 16 ′ G
39. Sub bass 16 ′ G
40. Covered fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′ G
41. Octave bass 8th' G
42. Pointed flute 8th' K
43. Choral bass 4 ′ G
44. Pipe pommer 4 ′ K
45. Night horn 2 ′ K
46. Sesquialter III 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′ G
47. Zinc V 4 ′ K
48. trombone 16 ′ G
49. Trumpet bass 8th' G
50. Vox humana 2 ′ K
Tremulant small pedal K
  • Coupling : I / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Playing aids : crescendo roller , swell kick for III. Manual, tutti, 3 free combinations, 1 free pedal combination, trigger, tongue appeals (separate for each work)
  • Effect register : Zimbelstern
Remarks
G = large pedal drawer
K = small pedal drawer

literature

  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments - Hessen . Arranged: Magnus Backes. 2nd edition, Munich 1982.
  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments - Hessen I. Administrative districts Gießen and Kassel. (Ed .: Folkhard Cremer and Tobias Michael Wolf), 3rd edition, Munich 2008.
  • Jens Trocha u. a .: Evangelical City Church Herborn . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2005.
  • Heinz Wionski: Cultural trails in Hessen - Lahn-Dill I . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen. Braunschweig 1986, ISBN 3-528-06234-7 , pp. 95f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelische Stadtkirche Herborn  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Herborn City Archives have a dendrochronological report according to which the wood for the roof structure was felled in 1601. The deviating information in the older literature is therefore outdated.
  2. ↑ Dehio, 2nd ed., P. 408; Dehio, 3rd ed., P. 398.
  3. ↑ The plans for this were in the Villa Haas archive and were handed over to the Hessian Main State Archive , Wiesbaden .
  4. ↑ a b Entry in Hans-Dieter Weisel's database ( memento from July 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), Version 20, as of January 1, 2008, accessed on December 25, 2019
  5. ^ Presentation of the organ in the magazine Musik und Kirche , issue 2/1967, p. 95.
  6. ↑ Referred to as "Holzgedackt" in music and church .

Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 0.2 ″  N , 8 ° 18 ′ 4.7 ″  E