Conveyor system
Conveyors or subsidies are machinery and equipment , which for conveying of materials to be conveyed are used. According to the type of material being conveyed, they can be divided into conveyors for piece goods (e.g. boxes) and conveyors for bulk goods (e.g. coal). Other classifications differentiate between continuous and discontinuous conveyors or conveyors for piece goods according to structural aspects.
In mining , the totality of the systems that serve to convey the conveyed goods such as coal , ore , salt , crude oil is called conveyor systems. This initially includes the actual funding (elevators, driving skills , conveyor belts, etc.) but also associated structures such as pits , tracks , winding towers , conveyor baskets . In some cases, the conveyor system is used as an alternative to the terms pit, colliery or mine .
Overview
Against the background of logistical tasks, a classification according to fields of application or according to the criterion of type of transport appears sensible:
| Continuous conveying continuous conveyor |
Discontinuous conveying discontinuous conveyors |
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Some typical representatives of the respective group are named below:
Continuous conveyor
Continuous conveyors continuously convey both bulk and piece goods. Timed assembly lines are also counted among the continuous conveyors. Continuous conveyors are divided into four main groups (broken down by Pfeifer, Kabisch, Lautner: conveyor technology ):
- mechanical continuous conveyor with traction means
- Belt conveyor
- mechanical continuous conveyor with pull valve (link conveyor)
- Link belt conveyors have rods, plates or boxes as a support element instead of a belt
- Trough chain conveyor
- Scraper conveyor
- Circular conveyor
- Bucket elevators (belt bucket elevator , chain bucket elevator , pendulum bucket elevator )
- mechanical continuous conveyors without traction means
- Roller conveyor
- Screw conveyor (for transporting bulk materials)
- Vibratory conveyors: vibrating chutes , vibrating troughs
- Gravity conveyor
- Slip
- Roller tracks and ball tracks (roller track, roller track, disc roller track, ball track)
- Flow conveyor
- Pneumatic conveyors (pneumatic trough, air cushion conveyor , air table)
- Pneumatic tube systems
- Hydraulic gutter
- Hydraulic pipe conveyor
Discontinuous conveyor
Discontinuous conveyors work discontinuously because each conveying process is followed by an unloaded process. In the case of conveyor and vehicle systems, a further differentiation can be made according to the property of floor- free and floor-bound transport. Here, too, some typical representatives of the respective group follow:
| Vehicle systems | Conveyor systems | |||
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| no hallway | floor-bound ( floor conveyors ) |
no hallway | floor-bound ( floor conveyors ) |
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| operated manually |
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| operated automatically |
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Other classifications
- Frequency of promotion
- Continuous conveyor , e.g. B. roller conveyor
- Discontinuous conveyor , e.g. B. Forklifts
- Corridor connection
- overhead conveyors, e.g. B. cranes , overhead conveyors, electric overhead conveyors
- Floor-based funding, e.g. B. Pallet trucks
- agility
- Funding with a flat material flow, e.g. B. cranes , forklifts
- Conveyor with linear material flow, z. B. roller conveyor
- drive
- manually operated conveyors, e.g. B. hand truck , handcart
- machine-operated conveyors, e.g. B. Forklifts
- Degree of automation
- operator-controlled funding, e.g. B. Pallet trucks
- computer controlled funding, e.g. B. automatic storage and retrieval unit (RGB), driverless transport system
- Structural aspects
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- Belt conveyor
- The goods to be transported are on a rotating belt (e.g. belt).
- Chain conveyor
- The cargo is located between one or more parallel chains, which through carriers are connected to and bring the cargo, or it is on the chains. In the latter case, drivers can be dispensed with if the static friction between the chains and the goods to be transported is large enough.
- Roller conveyors
- The transported goods are moved by rotating support rollers arranged one behind the other. The conveyor rollers are driven with round belts , flat belts , toothed belts or chains. The transported goods can also be moved by means of a slight incline and gravity.
- Platform carrier
- The goods to be transported are located on a platform (load suspension device) that is moved using different techniques.
- Overhead conveyor
- Overhead conveyor system: The conveyor system is suspended above the floor by means of an auxiliary structure. Different designed load handling devices pick up the transported goods and are either self-propelled or moved by a pulling strand (e.g. rope).
- intelligent conveyor systems
- Conveyor systems that autonomously transport products through production or logistics processes with self-propelled trolleys (e.g. Montrac workpiece conveyor, Telelift type rail conveyor system )
- Rail conveyor
- The goods to be transported are conveyed in self-propelled conveying containers via a permanently installed rail network, e.g. B. File conveyor system
- Vertical conveyor
- Different designed devices that are used to overcome the height of the transported goods.
- Special solutions for special transport goods
literature
- Heinz Pfeifer, Gerald Kabisch, Hans Lautner: Conveyor technology: construction and calculation . Vieweg, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1998, ISBN 3-528-64061-8