Franz Schede

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Franz Ludwig Schede (born July 9, 1882 in Magdeburg ; † February 11, 1976 in Murnau am Staffelsee ) was a German orthopedic surgeon and orthopedic surgeon . From 1923 to 1945 he was director of the orthopedic clinic at Leipzig University Hospital . Schede made a name for himself especially in the field of foot orthopedics. He was particularly committed to school health care and “ cripple welfare ”.

Life

Franz Schede was born on July 9, 1882 in Magdeburg as the son of a doctor; the surgeon Max Schede was his uncle. After graduating from high school in 1900 at the König-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Magdeburg, he studied medicine at the universities of Munich , Berlin , Heidelberg and Kiel . In the first semesters he also dealt with philosophy (with Kuno Fischer ), literary history ( Erich Schmidt ) and psychology ( Georg Simmel ). He got involved in the National Social Association of Friedrich Naumann . During student fencing , he suffered a big blow on his left temple. In Munich, he placed in the winter term 1904/05 the state exam and received his doctorate in 1906 with a paper "On a miliary at heart" to Dr. med.

He then worked as a prosector at the municipal hospital on the right of the Isar and at the anatomical institute in Munich and then continued his education at the surgical clinic in Heidelberg with Albert Narath and the orthopedic clinic and polyclinic in Munich with Fritz Lange . From 1912 he headed the orthopedic polyclinic as senior physician under Lange. Schede married a Bavarian farmer's daughter named Josefa (Josy) in 1915, who already had a son. Schede had three children with her, Anselm (* 1915), Marianne (Maja; * 1919) and Ludwig (* 1930).

During the First World War he served as a prosthesis designer in the Munich welfare reserve hospital. There he and the orthopedic mechanic H. Habermann developed the so-called Schede-Habermann artificial leg with a physiological sliding joint. Together with Georg Hohmann , Schede set up the first rehabilitation center for war invalids . Franz Schede completed his habilitation in 1919 at the University of Munich in the field of orthopedics with the thesis "Theoretical basics for the construction of artificial legs, especially for the above-knee amputees". He then taught in Munich as a private lecturer until 1923 .

Franz Schede then moved to the Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig , where he initially taught as an adjunct professor until 1929 before he was given the chair in orthopedics, which he held until 1945. In addition, from 1923 he was the successor of Theodor Kölliker as director of the orthopedic clinic of the Leipzig University Hospital and at the same time director of the "Cripple Home Humanitas". In 1929 he had a new “home for frail children” built and the following year a new building for the orthopedic clinic. As a reaction to the lack of exercise, which Schede made responsible for postural problems in many children and young people, he initiated the "Höhere Waldschule " (Higher Forest School) in 1932 , a private reform high school in the Leipzig district of Dölitz , where classes were taught outdoors. Thanks to Rudolf Hess , the forest school could continue to exist until the beginning of the Second World War, despite the ban on private schools by the National Socialists in 1933.

Schede joined the NSDAP in 1938 and justified himself in his memoirs: "A refusal would have resulted in my abandonment of my life's work." During World War II, the orthopedic clinic was converted into a military hospital where Schede was used as a War doctor served. His request for a front command was not granted for reasons of age. Schede became director of the Saxon State Institute for Physiotherapy in 1941, which was moved from Dresden to Leipzig.

In the course of denazification , the Soviet occupying forces withdrew his powers as clinic director and university professor in October 1945. In order to maintain the medical care of the clinic and the "cripple home", Schede was assigned emergency duty as a scientific assistant . The “Special Committee of the Anti-Fascist Democratic Bloc of Saxony” rehabilitated Schede in April 1946 and came to the conclusion that he had only joined the NSDAP “in order to prevent impending disaster under a National Socialist successor”. He had prevented forced sterilization , refused " euthanasia ", saved a serious Bible student from the death penalty and stood by his "non-Aryan" senior physician until he fled to the USA. However, this did not lead to his reinstatement as professor and clinic director, he remained employed as an assistant, which he felt as a humiliation.

After divorcing his first wife, Schede married the physiotherapist Edeltraud (Traute) Kämpf in January 1947. On the occasion of the orthopedic conference in Pyrmont in March 1947, to which Schede was allowed to travel, the couple fled the Soviet zone of occupation . He initially took over the management of the orthopedic department at the Pyrmont State Hospital. Most recently, from 1948 to 1954, he was chief physician at the Sanderbusch orthopedic clinic in Sande (Friesland) and at the same time the “state cripple doctor ” of Oldenburg . His son Anselm followed him as head of the Sanderbusch orthopedic clinic. Schede moved to Stenum and worked for the Bremen institutions of the Inner Mission Friedehorst . In 1958 he was at the University of Göttingen emeritus . Then Franz and Traute Schede moved into an apartment in Eschenau Castle near Heilbronn.

Franz Schede was a member of several scientific associations, including the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina . In 1952 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, 1st class . The Medical Faculty of the Karl Marx University in Leipzig awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1959. Schede died on February 11, 1976 at the age of 94 in Murnau.

fiction

In the novel Frohburg by Guntram Vesper , Schede's narrator is treated.

Fonts

  • Theoretical basics for the construction of artificial legs, especially for the above-knee amputee. 3rd edition, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1956 [1919].
  • Gymnastics in the classroom. Combating seat damage in school. 3rd edition, Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1932 [1925].
  • Bad posture (bad posture) and scoliosis. In: Klinische Wochenschrift , Volume 6 (1927), No. 39, pp. 1861–1863, and No. 40, pp. 1908–1911.
  • Seat damage. 1928.
  • Hygiene of the foot. 7th edition, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 1953 [1934].
  • The orthopedic treatment of spinal polio. Richard Pflaum, Munich 1954.
  • Retrospect and Prospect. Experiences and reflections of a doctor Hans E. Günther Verlag, Stuttgart 1960.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Georg Hohmann: Franz Schede on his 60th birthday on July 9, 1942. In: Journal of Orthopedics and their Border Areas , Volume 73 (1942). Printed in Hohmann: A doctor experiences his time. Speeches, pictures of life, encounters. JF Bergmann, Munich 1954, pp. 106-110.
  2. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, pp. 53–54.
  3. ↑ a b c d Werner E. Gerabek : Schede, Franz. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (ed.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1290.
  4. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, pp. 60–61.
  5. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, pp. 62–63, 81.
  6. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, pp. 77-78.
  7. ^ Franz Schede: Review and Outlook. Experiences and considerations of a doctor Hans E. Günther Verlag, Stuttgart 1960, p. 377.
  8. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, p. 80.
  9. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, p. 84.
  10. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, p. 85.
  11. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, p. 89.
  12. ↑ Manuel Dichtl: The orthopedist Prof. Dr. Franz Schede (1882–1976). Life and work. Dissertation, Univ. Regensburg 2012, p. 98.
  13. ↑ Guntram Vesper: Frohburg . Schöffling & Co., Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-89561-633-4 , pp. 141–149.
personal data
SURNAME Schede, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schede, Franz Ludwig (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German orthopedic surgeon, orthopedic surgeon and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH July 9, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH February 11, 1976
Place of death Murnau am Staffelsee