Frauenlob (ship, 1856)
 Painting of the praise of women by Lüder Arenhold 1891
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The Frauenlob was a two-masted war schooner of the Prussian Navy . It was the second Hela- class ship . The praise of women went down on September 2, 1860 in a typhoon off Edo ( Tokyo ) with the entire crew.
history
During the Schleswig-Holstein uprising , the Danish Navy successfully blocked the German coast. This made the German population want their own fleet. The "Berlin-Potsdam Women's Association for the Acquisition of a Warship" therefore advertised on July 22nd, 1848 in the "Königlich privilegierten Berlinische Zeitung" and in the "Potsdamer Wochenblatt" among women for donations for the development of the navy and support the coastal population made unemployed by the blockade should be used. The call was repeated on January 15, 1850. In total, a good 13,000 thalers could be collected. The city of Wolgast and the Wolgast "Committee for the Construction of Patriotic Warships" contributed additional funds to this sum . The Prussian War Ministry decided to order a war schooner based on the model of the Dutch schooner Schorpioon, which was to be named Frauengabe . The construction contract was given to the Wolgast shipyard in Lübke , which also prepared the construction plans. The construction costs of around 43,000 thalers were partly financed with the collected donations, the shortfall was subsidized by the War Ministry.
The shipyard put the schooner on Kiel in the spring of 1851 . The construction was delayed because the navy warned about several construction defects during the inspection in 1852 and the construction plans changed in the following year due to various additional shipbuilding requirements. The women's gift was only ready for launch on August 24, 1855, well after the sister ship Hela, which began later . This took place in the presence of Prince Adalbert of Prussia , but without a separate baptism ceremony . At the request of Friedrich Wilhelm IV , the name of the ship was changed to women's praise before it was put into service in order to honor the women's fundraising campaign.
After its completion, the Frauenlob was transferred to Danzig , where it received its armament, and came into service for the first time on March 1, 1856. First, test drives were on the program, after which the schooner participated in the maneuvers taking place in the Baltic Sea by a squadron consisting of Danzig , Thetis , Amazone and Mercur . Together with this squadron, the ship also undertook a training trip to Madeira . From there, the Frauenlob ran together with the Thetis to the Río de la Plata , where the trade relations established in the course of an expedition of the Prussian Navy in 1852/53 were to be deepened. At the beginning of January 1857, the schooner arrived back in Danzig and was decommissioned on January 17th.
In the summer months of 1858 the Frauenlob was used for surveying work in the Baltic Sea. The commandant, Heinrich Köhler , and one of the watch officers evaluated the results of this survey in the following winter and created new nautical charts . On April 1, 1859, the Frauenlob came into service again for measurements. This task ended in August because the schooner was intended for the Prussian East Asia expedition under Friedrich zu Eulenburg . Its small size predestined it to navigate the great estuaries in China . At the same time, however, this also aroused concerns of some naval officers, because it made the women's praise appear unsuitable for the sea. Admiral Jan Schröder , head of the naval administration, however, invalidated these objections by referring to the trip to South America in 1856/57. So the schooner left on October 25, 1859, together with the Thetis home waters and was initially Portsmouth , where both ships wintered, completed their equipment and the arrival of a squadron flagship acting Arcona waited. On March 15, 1860, Thetis and Frauenlob set sail again and reached Rio de Janeiro on May 18 , from where the squadron began its onward journey to East Asia on June 3. On August 7th, the ships arrived in Singapore .
Downfall
Since China faced the United Kingdom and France in the Second Opium War , the squadron's route was changed. Arcona and Frauenlob ran from Singapore to Japan , where they got caught in a typhoon about 40 nm away from Edo on the night of September 1st and 2nd . The Arcona towed the small war schooner, which worked hard in the sea. However, the connecting cable broke at around 5 a.m. on the morning of September 2 in front of Tokyo Bay . The praise of women got out of sight and was lost. A search operation carried out by a Japanese steamship was unsuccessful. The sinking of Frauenlob , in which all 47 crew members perished, was the Prussian navy's first total loss. The fallen were listed on memorial plaques in the garrison churches in Kiel and Wilhelmshaven . In addition to the saver one fell brig of the Royal Navy and several merchant ships the typhoon victims.
The Imperial Navy honored the ship by again naming a small cruiser Frauenlob in 1902 .
technology
The Frauenlob was a wooden Kraweelbau , the hull of which was made in transverse frame construction and covered with copper plates for protection . The ship was a total of 32.1 m long and up to 8.1 m wide. With a construction displacement of 275 t, the waterline measured 27.66 m. The maximum displacement was 305 t. The schooner was 2.61 m deep in the front and 3.23 m in the aft. The Frauenlob had a gaff rigging on two masts with a total sail area of 523 m², which enabled a top speed of 13 knots.
The crew had a nominal strength of 47 men and consisted of five officers and 42 men .
Commanders
| May 1, 1856 to January 17, 1857 | Lieutenant at sea, 1st class Rogge |
| Spring to October 7, 1858 | Second Class Lieutenant Heinrich Koehler |
| April 1 to May 1859 | Second Class Lieutenant Heinrich Koehler |
| May to June 1859 | Leutnant zur See 1st class Wachsen (substitute) |
| June to August 1859 | Second Class Lieutenant Heinrich Koehler |
| August to September 1859 | Leutnant zur See 1st class Growing |
| September 1859 to September 2, 1860 | Lieutenant for the sea 1st class Reetzke |
literature
- Gröner, Erich / Dieter Jung / Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945 . tape 1 : Armored ships, ships of the line, battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, gunboats . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7637-4800-8 .
- Hansen, Hans Jürgen: The ships of the German fleets 1848-1945 . Urbes Verlag, 1973, ISBN 3-924896-06-2 .
- Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 3 : Ship biographies from the Elbe to Graudenz . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen (licensed edition by Koehler's Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg, approx. 1990).
- von Werner, Reinhold : The book of the German fleet . Velhagen & Klasing, Bielefeld / Leipzig 1902, chap. "The Downfall of Frauenlob ", p. 203 ff . ( Digitized version ).
Footnotes
- ↑ Königlich privilegirte Berlinische Zeitung of state and learned things (1848) - Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c d Hildebrand / Röhr / Steinmetz, Die deutscher Kriegsschiffe , Vol. 3, p. 91.
- ↑ a b Hildebrand / Röhr / Steinmetz, Die deutscher Kriegsschiffe , Vol. 3, p. 92.
- ↑ a b Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 7 : Ship biographies from Prussian eagle to Ulan . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen, S. 219 (Licensed edition by Koehler's Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg, approx. 1990).
- ↑ In contrast, the article on women's praise states that the ship sailed on from Porthsmouth alone, cf. Hildebrand / Röhr / Steinmetz, The German Warships , Vol. 3, p. 92.
- ↑ Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 1 : Historical overview. Ship biographies from Adler to Augusta . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen, S. 238 (Licensed edition by Koehler's Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg, approx. 1990).
- ↑ von Werner, Das Buch von der Deutsche Flotte , pp. 203f.
- ↑ a b Gröner, The German Warships , p. 111.
- ↑ The designation of the lower officer ranks was set or changed in the years 1849, 1854 and 1864. On January 1, 1900, the names Fähnrich zur See, Leutnant zur See, Oberleutnant zur See and Kapitänleutnant, which are still in use today, were introduced. The rank of lieutenant in the first class at sea corresponds today to a lieutenant commander. Cf. Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 7 : Ship biographies from Prussian eagle to Ulan . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen, S. 101 (Licensed edition by Koehler's Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg, approx. 1990).