Fredericus Quartus
.jpg) View of a museum model
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
The Fredericus Quartus was built in 1699 and was the largest first -rate ship of the line ever built in the Danish-Norwegian Navy . When it was launched , it was the largest warship in the world.
The three-decker was equipped with 110 cannons and had a crew of 950 men. It was the first Danish ship of the line to have three full battery decks. The 36-pounder cannons were the largest caliber of Danish sailing ships.
history
The ship of the line was designed by the master shipbuilder and captain in command, Ole Judichær, and was laid down on the Orlogsværftet on Nyholm in Copenhagen in 1699 . After the Dannebroge with hull number "1", it was the tenth ship that Judichær built on Nyholm. The launch took place on December 19, 1699. It was the last Danish large warship to be built in the 17th century and one of the most beautifully decorated of its time. Store Christianus Quintus was planned as the name , as there was already a 100-gun ship named Christianus Quintus . However, after the Danish King Christian V died on August 25, 1699, the largest ship in the fleet was named after his son and successor Friedrich IV .
During its test voyage, the liner hit the ground on June 26, 1701 southeast of Dragør . The previously unknown shoal was entered on the maps as quartus ground .
commitment
With a crew of almost 1000 men, the three-decker was too big for the Danish-Norwegian fleet, which had a peacetime strength of 4000 men. During the Great Northern War , the Fredericus Quartus took part in operations in the Danish fleet. In the sea battle in the Køgebucht she was used as the flagship of Admiral Stöcken in October 1710 . In the battle, however, it was not in a position to demonstrate the strength of its broadsides .
In the sea battle off Rügen in September 1712 , the Fredericus Quartus was one of the main forces that did not intervene in the fighting. However, Admiral Gyldenløve was able to outmaneuver the Swedish ships of the line and by destroying the transport fleet, the planned Polish campaign of the Swedes failed. Before the conflict, Tsar Peter the Great was a guest on board the ship.
After that, the Fredericus Quartus was no longer used. The triplane had proven expensive to maintain and its sailing characteristics in shallow water areas were not very good. However, the ship was fitted with new cannons in 1715 and overhauled in 1717 and fitted with new masts. It was kept on standby like a presence fleet . In addition, the Danish-Norwegian fleet, apart from the Dannebroge, had not lost any ships of the line in the war and in 1720 the so-called “long Freds period” (long period of peace) began in 1720.
After King Friedrich IV died in October 1730, the ship was deleted from the ship list and scrapped in 1732.
Others
The Danish-Norwegian Admiral General Gyldenløve chose the smaller Elephant with 90 cannons as the flagship . The two namesake of the large 110-gun ship were his father and half-brother.
The plans drawn up by the builder Judichær are all signed by Holmadmiral Stöcken. After he commanded the ship and a squadron in the Køgebucht, he was blamed for all construction defects of Danish ships and Stöcken received his farewell.
Models of the Fredericus Quartus can be found in Bågø Kirke on Bågø , in Heerings Gård and in the Admiral Hotel in Copenhagen.
For the 250th anniversary of the Danish Søofficersskolen ( Naval Officer School), the Danish Post issued two stamps of 25 and 50 øre in 1951 . They both show the same motif of Fredericus Quartus .
The lighthouse Drogden Fyr was put into operation on June 12, 1937 above Quartusgrunden . He replaced a number of lightships (Drogden Fyrskib) that had been in service there since 1837.
List of Danish ships of the line (selection)
- Fredericus IV (1701–1732), 110 cannons
- Christianus V (1683 – after 1710), 100 cannons
- Dannebroge (1692–1710), 94 cannons
- Elephants (1703–1728), 90 cannons
- Norske Løve (1680–1715), 84 cannons
- Justitia (1707-1751), 86 cannons
- Christianus VI (1734–1769), 90 cannons
- Norske Løve (1735–1764), 70 cannons
- Fridericus V (1754–1775), 90 cannons
- Christianus VII (1768–1801), 90 cannons
- Christian VIII. , (1841–1849), 84 cannons
literature
- Hans Christian Bjerg, John Erichsen: Danske orlogsskibe 1690-1860. Lademann 1980. ISBN 87-15-06956-7 .
- Jørgen H. Barfod: Den danske flådes historie 1660-1720. Niels Juels flåde. Marinehistoriske Skrifter 1997. ISBN 87-00-30226-0 .
- Robert Gardiner (Ed.): Conway's History of the Ship. The Line of Battle. London 1992. ISBN 0-85177-606-X .
Web links
- Original drawing from 1699 (database of Danish warships; Danish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Danske orlogsskibe. P. 21.
- ^ A b Major Danish Warships Built at the Holmen Shipyard 1692-1744. (English, accessed April 17, 2019)
- ↑ Den danske flådes historie. P. 179.
- ↑ Den danske flådes historie. P. 197.
- ^ Stamp ›Ship of the line" Fredericus Quartus "(c. 1700) . 25 øre: Michel DK 323 (English, accessed April 17, 2019).
- ^ Stamp ›Ship of the line" Fredericus Quartus "(c. 1700) . 50 øre: Michel DK 324 (English, accessed April 17, 2019).
- ^ Dines Bogø: Drogden Fyr, Øresund. (Danish, accessed April 17, 2019)