Frenti-Mudança

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Flag of the Frenti-Mudança

The Frenti-Mudança FM ( F rente de Re construção N acional de Ti mor-Leste - Mudança , German : Front for the National Reconstruction of East Timor - Reform) is a political party in East Timor and split off from FRETILIN . Until August 2011 it used the name FRETILIN Mudança ( Tetum : FRETILIN Mudansa ; in some media also FRETILIN movement ) From 2012 to 2017, the FM was part of the East Timor government coalition.

history

In February 2003 the Mudansa Group was founded as part of FRETILIN after the FRETILIN Central Committee changed the party statutes. Mudansa criticized the changes as destroying the party. Secretary General and Prime Minister Marí Alkatiri responded in September 2003 to calls for a further amendment to the statutes by removing leading Mudansa members such as Vítor da Costa from positions in the public service.

In 2006 there were serious unrest in East Timor , as a result of which Alkatiri had to resign as Prime Minister. The new head of government was the non-party José Ramos-Horta . FRETILIN member José Luís Guterres , who became foreign minister under Ramos-Horta, failed in an attempt, with the help of FRETILIN Mudança, to overthrow Alkatiri, also as secretary general of FRETILIN, at a chaotic party congress. Alkatiri remained General Secretary and number two in the party hierarchy behind Francisco Guterres . The change in the statutes, which introduced a public instead of a secret vote on the party leadership, was seen as the reason for the election result. Vítor da Costa sued this process in court, but failed.

The confrontation between FRETILIN Mudança and FRETILIN escalated after the lost parliamentary elections in 2007 . Alkatiri obtained exclusion proceedings against members of the FRETILIN Mudança after they had asked voters to vote for Xanana Gusmão and his new Congresso Nacional da Reconstrução Timorense (CNRT) party . The reformers did not comply with the request to leave FRETILIN voluntarily. Surprisingly, Gusmão then appointed José Luís Guterres as deputy prime minister. Guterre's appointment was seen as an attempt to give the reform forces in FRETILIN the opportunity to participate in government. A subsequent offer to FRETILIN politicians to participate in the cabinet was rejected by the party leadership.

From 2010 FRETILIN Mudança set up its own structures. Their goal was still the overthrow of Francisco Guterres and Marí Alkatiri from the party leadership, even when Parliamentary President Fernando de Araújo ( Partido Democrático ) asked the FRETILIN Mudança to register as an independent party. The law does not allow illegal parties.

Flag of FRETILIN Mudança
(July 2011)

When FRETILIN Mudança was also building local structures in what was then the Baucau district , FRETILIN supporters threatened to block the streets in March 2010 for supporters of the reform movement. FRETILIN General Secretary Alkatiri called the establishment of the local structures a "provocative act". He said he saw supporters of Prime Minister Gusmão's CNRT party in disguise in FRETILIN Mudança. The use of FRETILIN symbols, such as the party flag, was what Alkatiri sought to have the FRETILIN Mudança forbidden. Parliament President Araújo supported this demand.

On April 28, 2011, FRETILIN Mudança was registered as a separate party, but on June 24, it was denied admission to the upcoming 2012 elections by the Supreme Court. This was justified with the similarity of the name, emblem, flag and even party anthem with those of FRETILIN. This could confuse voters. The approval finally took place in August after the renaming in Frenti-Mudança.

In the parliamentary elections in 2012 the Frenti-Mudança received 14,648 votes (3.11%) and won two seats in the national parliament . First, José Luís Guterres and General Secretary Jorge da Conceição Teme moved in as MPs, and after being sworn in as ministers, they gave their seats to Benvinda Catarina Rodrigues and Maria Adozinda Pires da Silva . The FM performed best in Oe-Cusse Ambeno , where it received 10.37% of the vote.

The FM became the smallest partner in the government coalition with Congresso Nacional da Reconstrução Timorense and Partido Democrático . After Prime Minister Gusmão resigned and his successor Rui Maria de Araújo was sworn in on February 16, 2015, FRETILIN was also represented in the government. In March 2016, the coalition between CNRT and PD broke over the dispute over the military commander in chief and the conflict between government and parliament on the one hand and President Taur Matan Ruak on the other.

In the parliamentary elections in 2017 , the Frenti-Mudança only received 1.56% of the vote, failed to pass the four percent hurdle and fell out of parliament. The FM then joined the Fórum Demokrátiku Nasionál (FDN), but left the party alliance at the end of 2017. To this end, the FM became a member of the Frenti Dezenvolvimentu Demokratiku (FDD) on December 11, 2017 . With the FDD, the FM succeeded in entering the national parliament in the early elections in 2018 with a voting share of 5.5% (34,301 votes). With Isabel Maria Barreto Freitas Ximenes she is now a member of parliament. The FDD broke up after the election of the parliamentary presidium.

On February 22, 2020, CNRT, KHUNTO, PD, UDT, FM and PUDD signed a coalition agreement to form a new government. But President Guterres did not respond to the Alliance's proposal to appoint Xanana Gusmão Prime Minister. At the end of April, the alliance broke up again when KHUNTO left.

Party members

José Luís Guterres

Vicente Maubusy was the founding president of Frenti-Mudança . He was replaced by Vítor da Costa, who was in the meantime a member of the CNRT party . Finally, José Luís Guterres became president of the party and was last confirmed in office in December 2016. Vice-president was Egídio de Jesus (as of 2015 & 2018). Other prominent members are Adérito de Jesus Soares , head of the Anti-Corruption Commission ( CAC ) and founder of La'o Hamutuk , East Timor's most important human rights organization, and Vicente Railos da Conceição , who exposed the arming of civilians by FRETILIN ministers during the 2006 unrest . In 2016, César Vital Moreira temporarily took over the post of general secretary of the party, his deputy being Ricardo Cardoso Nheu . In 2017, Nheu was elected Secretary General for the period until 2022.

In the second Gusmão government , José Luís Guterres was Foreign Minister from 2012 to 2015, Teme was Minister of State Administration. Abel da Costa Freitas Ximenes was Vice Minister for Trade, Industry and the Environment, Ricardo Cardoso Nheu was State Secretary for Trade and Vítor da Costa State Secretary for Social Security. In the Araújo government since 2015, Abel da Costa Freitas Ximenes represented the FM in the cabinet as Vice Minister for Education II. Teme had been offered the post of Vice Minister for State Administration, but he refused the demotion and thus left the government.

The Egídio de Jesus party led the new governing coalition of 2020 as interim president of the FM.

Web links

Commons : Frenti-Mudança  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dennis Shoesmith: Political Parties and Groupings of Timor-Leste , Australian Labor International, October 2011, 3rd edition ( Memento of May 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  2. ↑ a b Diario Nacional, April 28, 2011, Fretilin Mudansa registered as a political party
  3. ↑ Timor Lorosae Nação, March 10, 2010 ( Memento of May 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ a b Timor-Leste's Parliamentary Elections, June 13, 2007 ( Memento of the original from March 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 274 kB)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.internal-displacement.org
  5. ↑ The Law on Political Parties (No. 3/2004) and the decision of the Timor Leste Court of Appeal in the case of Vitor da Costa and Others v FRETILIN (August 12, 2006) The election of Mari Alkatiri and Lu-Olo at the FRETILIN National Congress in May 2006. ( Memento from November 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ The Australian, August 9, 2007, Fretilin sidelined in Timorese cabinet ( Memento of the original from August 31, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.theaustralian.news.com.au
  7. ↑ AKI, August 24, 2007, East Timor: Fretilin says no to joining government as calm returns to capital ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.adnkronos.com
  8. ↑ a b page no longer available , search in web archives: Timor Lorosae Nação, March 24, 2010@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / timorlorosaenacao.blogspot.com
  9. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Flag of FRETILIN Mudança@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.cjitl.org
  10. ↑ a b page no longer available , search in web archives: Timor Lorosae Nação, 23 March 2010@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / timorlorosaenacao.blogspot.com
  11. ↑ Sapo notícias, June 24, 2011, Supremo Tribunal indeferiu pedido de registo como partido à FRETILIN-Mudança do vice-primeiro-ministro ( Memento of the original of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / noticias.sapo.ao
  12. ↑ Suara Timor Leste, August 12, 2011, I congrulates Guterres, says Alkatiri
  13. ↑ STAE ( memento of December 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on September 9, 2012
  14. ↑ a b Electoral lists of the parliamentary elections 2012 ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cne.tl
  15. ^ Timor Post, May 11, 2011, Be careful of political maneuvers: Fretilin Mudansa
  16. ↑ Sapo: Parlamento de Timor-Leste com nova mesa depois de quase dois meses de debate , May 5, 2016 , accessed on May 6, 2016.
  17. ↑ STAE: Preliminary final result of July 24, 2017 .
  18. ↑ Suara Timor Lorosa'e: FDN Husu PR Halo Esforsu Tuir Konstituisaun , November 16, 2017 , accessed January 13, 2018.
  19. ↑ FORUM DEMOKRATIKU NASIONAL (APMT, BUP, PST, PSD, PDP, MLPM, PDC) KOMUNIKADU DE IMPRENSA , January 12, 2018 , accessed on January 13, 2018.
  20. ^ Facebook page of the FDD , accessed on March 3, 2018.
  21. ↑ CNE: Preliminary final result of July 27, 2017 .
  22. ↑ Diário de Notícias: Timor-Leste / Eleições: Tribunal de Recurso valida resultados, vitória da Fretilin , August 1, 2017 , accessed on August 1, 2017.
  23. ↑ List of candidates , accessed on May 22, 2018.
  24. ↑ Tatoli: FDD Disolve PUDD "Apoiu" Fretilin UDT ho FM "Sadedere" AMP , June 18, 2018 , accessed June 19, 2018.
  25. ↑ SAPO (LUSA): Xanana Gusmão anuncia nova coligação para formação de Governo em Timor-Leste. , February 22, 2020 , accessed on February 22, 2020.
  26. ↑ Lusa: Fretilin ocupa pastas das Finanças, Administração Estatal e Saúde no Governo timorense , April 29, 2020 , accessed on April 29, 2020.
  27. ↑ Lusa: PM timorense vai preencher 'vagas' no Governo com elementos da Fretilin - ministros , April 29, 2020 , accessed on April 29, 2020.
  28. ↑ Tatoli: KHUNTO Deklara Retira Hosi Koligasaun Foun , April 29, 2020 , accessed on April 29, 2020.
  29. ↑ Timor Agora: Jose Luis Guterres Re-eleitu ba Prezidente PFM , December 12, 2016 , accessed January 25, 2017.
  30. ↑ SAPO: Partidos timorenses despedem-se com homenagem a ex-presidente do Parlamento Nacional , June 5, 2015 , accessed on April 22, 2016.
  31. ↑ Timor Agora: FM ESTABELESE ESTRUTURA IHA VEMASSE , April 5, 2016 , accessed October 6, 2017.
  32. ↑ hallo.tl: Eleitu ba Sekjer Frenti-Mudança, Ricardo Nheu 'alerta' vota ba LUGU , March 8, 2017 , accessed on May 26, 2020.
  33. ↑ Michael Leach: Generational change in Timor-Leste , Inside Story, February 18, 2015 , accessed on February 18, 2015.
  34. ↑ Tatoli: Partidu Lima Hamutuk ho CNRT Asina Ona Akta Koligasaun Foun , February 22, 2020 , accessed on February 22, 2020.