Peace Church (Jawor)

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Peace Church Jauer To the Holy Spirit
Kościół Pokoju pw. Świętego Ducha
w Jaworze
Friedenskirche Jauer (Jawor)

Friedenskirche Jauer (Jawor)
Construction year: 1654-55
Architect : Albrecht von Saebisch
Architectural style : Baroque , half-timbered church
Client: Evangelical parish of Jauer
Dimensions: 43.5 × 14 × 15.7 m
Space: 5500 people
Location: 51 ° 3 '14.2 "  N , 16 ° 11' 21.1"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '14.2 "  N , 16 ° 11' 21.1"  E
Purpose: Evangelical Lutheran Parish Church
Parish: Park Pokoju 2, 59-400 Jawor
Website: kosciolpokojujawor.pl

The Protestant Church of Peace "to the Holy Spirit" ( Polish Kościół Pokoju pw. Świętego Ducha ) in Jawor (Jauer) is one of the most important churches in Silesia . It is located together with the Church of Peace in Swidnica since 2001 under the title Peace Churches in Jawor and Swidnica on the World Heritage List of UNESCO .

history

Half-timbered construction and boarding
Friedenskirche Jauer after Friedrich Bernhard Werner (1748)

The church in Jauer was built in 1654 and 1655 according to a design by the Wroclaw architect Albrecht von Saebisch (1610–1688). Since the additional condition for its construction was that the church should be built at the expense of the evangelical parish and the citizens could not raise these costs alone, the Protestant countries were raised. Within two years, 4,600 thalers were raised.

In 1652 a square of 1180 m² was marked out and on April 14, 1655 the foundation stone was laid. Under the direction of Albrecht von Saebisch, the local carpenter Andreas Gamper and his assistants built the wooden structure of the church. The length of the church is 43.5 m, the width 14 m, the height 15.7 m, the area approx. 1180 m². The church holds approx. 5500 people. The roof was completed at the end of September. On December 23, 1655, the building was inaugurated and baptized with the name "To the Holy Spirit". In 1656 a wooden baptismal font, benches, chairs and stools were added to the interior of the church, in 1670 the pulpit made by the Liegnitz sculptor Matthias Knote and two years later the high altar by the carpenter Michael Steudner from Landeshut were added.

On the 100th anniversary of the building of numerous works have been carried out inside the church: Georg Flegel from Schmiedeberg painted on the parapets of the second and fourth loft a cycle of 143 Bible illustrations, including brief explanations. By 1710 the first and third galleries were also provided with biblical pictures.

The bell tower was added at the beginning of the 18th century after the Emperor, as the Silesian sovereign, permitted this in the Altranstadt Convention of 1707. The bells in the tones es', g 'and b' were cast by Christian Demminger in Liegnitz in 1708 .

At the end of the Second World War the Friedenskirche was preserved and the church property also remained in the possession of the community for the time being. As the members of the still existing German community gradually emigrated to the Federal Republic, community life gradually died down and the communist state made it possible to expropriate church property. The Protestants lost their rectory, the organist's house, the bell ringer's house and the historic Augusta Victoria House, a gift from the Empress for the 250th anniversary of the Church of Peace. Only the latter was returned to the parish after the fall of 1989 .

After 1957, the church was badly affected by burglaries, thefts and looting. In 1972 the historic cemetery around the church was closed. The idea even emerged of selling the Friedenskirche to the Catholic Church. However, this was prevented by the Wroclaw Consistory and then the first repairs and protective measures began. On March 14, 1991 the Protestant parish in Jauer was restored. After that, thorough renovation work began that lasted 10 years. After being awarded the World Heritage title in 2011, the 350th anniversary of the house of God was celebrated from September 9-11, 2014. On this occasion the three renovated church bells were rededicated to the names of Faith, Hope and Love .

Furnishing

The baroque interior
Four painted galleries on top of each other

Most of the paintings inside the church are attached to the parapets of the four galleries. The second and fourth gallery have a supporting function in the statics of the building. They were erected and painted before the other two. On the second gallery there are 66 scenes from the New Testament , on the fourth there are 71 from the Old Testament and afterwards a further 6 from the New Testament, on the east wall of the church above the altar. The corresponding biblical passage is given above each picture. Below the paintings are rhyming doctrines that connect two neighboring pictures with each other; twice, four adjacent images are combined and once three. For example, the motif “ The expulsion of people from Paradise ” is related to “ Cain's fratricide ”. The corresponding lines of verse read: "So the sinner must flee" - "He ligt the first body on earth".

Motifs from the New Testament on the galleries

All pictures are painted on wood with tempera paint. The biblical pictures are attributed to Georg Flegel from Schmiedeberg and his workshop in Jauer and were probably made in the years 1671–1681, but some even earlier. Documents are missing. As a direct model, the painter used a collection of 258 copper engravings by Matthäus Merian the Elder , which was published in 1628 under the title Biblical Illustrations to illustrate the most important stories of the Holy Scriptures .

While the pictures on the second and fourth gallery should serve the faithful to illustrate the sermon themes, the pictures on the first and third gallery mark the lodges of nobles, guilds and the church council.

The first gallery is - with the exception of the porch of the organ prospect - painted with 28 coats of arms of the nobility from the Jawor area. Another 8 coats of arms of nobles adorn the third gallery. In total there are 20 alliance and 16 individual coats of arms . Almost all heraldic shields are decorated with crests and blankets , surrounded by a wreath of leaves and embedded in landscapes. In front of the organ is the box of the church council. On its parapet, five pictures with scenes from the Old Testament draw attention to the difficult and changeful situation of the Protestant Church at the time of the Counter Reformation . This is portrayed using the fate of the Ark of the Covenant , for the manufacture of which the Israelites made offerings and which then helped them to cross the Jordan with dry feet . Then the Philistines captured the Ark of the Covenant, but because it did not bring them any luck, they sent it back to Israel. After a moment's hesitation, David took them to Zion in a festive procession .

14 pictures with motifs from the Old and 10 with scenes from the New Testament, in which there are references to the respective craft, serve to represent the guilds. They are all on the parapets of the third gallery. All large-format pictures of the nobility and the guilds are painted with oil on canvas. The years 1665–1710 are assumed to have been built.

pulpit

The altar by Martin Schneider was built in 1672. The clergymen's pews on the north side of the central nave are decorated with allegories of the three divine virtues of faith, hope and love. Four confessionals decorated with pictures and inscriptions are set up in the church. The subjects of the paintings are King David in repentance with his harp, Peter in repentance after his three times denial of Jesus and the sinner at the feet of Jesus at the Pharisee's feast. The fourth representation is otherwise not found in traditional confessional pictures: Jesus appears to a kneeling sinner with a board on which it can be read: “Your sins have been forgiven”.

The pulpit from 1670 is the work of Matthäus Knote from Liegnitz. Georg Flegel was also involved in it. An angel with an open book with the words “The Eternal Gospel” acts as the carrier of the pulpit . On the parapet, between columns, stand Moses with the tablets of the Ten Commandments , the four evangelists with their symbols and John the Baptist . The sound cover , on which six angels sit, is crowned by the statue of the risen Christ . The pulpit is white, all figures are gold-plated.

organ

Organ of the Friedenskirche
Play cabinet of the organ

The organ on the gallery of the Friedenskirche comes from the organ builder Adolf Alexander Lummert (Breslau) from the years 1855/56. It replaced the old organ built by organ builder J. Hoferichter from Peterswaldau (Pieszyce) in 1664, the system of which made several costly repairs necessary. The fully mechanical Lummert organ was radically rebuilt between 1896 and 1899: Heinrich Schlag from Schweidnitz (Świdnica) built a new console and an additional echo mechanism (5 stops ). The hitherto mechanical tone action was converted to pneumatics in the main work (HW) and in the pedal ( Barker lever ) and the range in the manuals was extended up to g 3 . In the middle of the 20th century the organ deteriorated, the main work was poorly maintained, the original wind chests of the upper work and the pedal disappeared. At the beginning of the 21st century, the organ was returned to its original condition, mechanized again, and the old play cabinet repaired. This was done by the organ building company Eule in 2002 (HW) and 2005 ( OW , Ped ). It now has the original disposition again .

I main work C – d 3
Bourdun 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Viol 8th'
Gemshorn 8th'
Double flute 8th'
Octav 4 ′
Double flute 4 ′
Fifth 3 ′
Super octave 2 ′
Cornet (from c 0 ) III
Mixture IV
Trumpet 8th'
II Oberwerk C – d 3
Principal 8th'
Salicet 8th'
Portal flute 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Portal flute 4 ′
Nasad 3 ′
Super octave 2 ′
Pedal C – d 1
Pedestal 32 ′
Principal 16 ′
Violon 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
Octave 8th'
Double flute 8th'
trombone 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'

Parish

Bell of the Friedenskirche

The Protestant parish in Jauer currently has around 40 people. The church is maintained with financial support from Germany. There are partnerships with the Protestant Peace Church in Offenbach am Main , the Protestant parish in Oberoderwitz and the Protestant parish Bad Reichenhall .

literature

  • Ulrich Hutter-Wolandt: Friedenskirche Jauer / Kościół Pokoju - Jawor (= Small Art Guide. No. 2348; Silesian Monuments. H. 3). Translation by Magdalena Podracka-Wißkirchen. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1998, ISBN 3-7954-6142-1 (German, Polish).
  • Barbara Skoczylas-Stadnik: Peace Church in Jawor (Jauer). Jaworskie Stowarzyszenie Rozwoju Kultury, Jawor; "Edytor", Legnica 2002, ISBN 83-910969-9-8 (original title: Kościół Pokoju w Jaworze. Photos by Franciszek Grzywacz. German transl. Tomasz Szczytyński).
  • Izabella Gawin, Dieter Schulze, Reinhold Vetter: Silesia: German and Polish cultural traditions in a European border region. DuMont art travel guide, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-7701-4418-X , pp. 129–132.
  • Parafia Ewangelicko-Augsburska Jawor (Ed.): Jawor. Kościół Pokoju. Yeah. The Peace Church. Jauer (?)
  • Heinrich Graf von Reichenbach: The gallery pictures in the Friedenskirche zu Jauer in Silesia. A documentation. Published by the support group of the Friedenskirche zu Jauer / Jawor:
    • Volume I: The biblical representations on the second and fourth gallery. Wennigsen 2006, ISBN 3-00-020388-5 (German, Polish; translation into Polish: Inlingua Sprachenschule).
    • Volume II: The pictures on the box parapets of the first and third gallery: nobility, clergy, guilds. Wennigsen 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-026703-1 (German, Polish; translation into Polish: Joachim Zdrenka).
  • Reiner Sörries: By the grace of the emperor - Protestant church buildings in the Habsburg Empire. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20154-8 , p. 103.
  • Ulrich Schaaf: The building history of the Friedenskirche Jauer as reflected in the structural findings as well as the written and pictorial sources. A contribution to the development of a species-specific method of research into the architectural history of half-timbered buildings. Volume 1: Text. Volume 2: Illustrations. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikolaja Kopernika, Toruń 2019, ISBN 978-83-231-4190-7 .

Web links

Commons : Peace Church of Jawor  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tomasz Stawiak and others: Jawor – Jauer. Kosciol Pokoju, Evangelical Peace Church. Jawor [no year], pp. 11-19.
  2. ↑ Tomasz Stawiak and others: Jawor – Jauer. Kosciol Pokoju, Evangelical Peace Church. Yes [no year], pp. 23–30.
  3. ^ Heinrich von Reichenbach: The gallery pictures in the Friedenskirche zu Jauer in Silesia. I. Volume, 2006, pp. 28-31.
  4. ^ Heinrich von Reichenbach: The gallery pictures in the Friedenskirche zu Jauer in Silesia. I. Volume, 2006, pp. 10-14.
  5. ^ Heinrich von Reichenbach: The gallery pictures in the Friedenskirche zu Jauer in Silesia. II. Volume, 2008, pp. 25-28.
  6. ↑ Jos 3  LUT .
  7. ↑ 1 Sam 4–6  LUT .
  8. ↑ 2 Sam 6  LUT .
  9. ^ Heinrich von Reichenbach: The gallery pictures in the Friedenskirche zu Jauer in Silesia. Volume II, 2008, p. 141.
  10. ↑ 1 Sam 11  LUT .
  11. ↑ Lk 7.36-50  LUT .
  12. ^ Heinrich von Reichenbach: The gallery pictures in the Friedenskirche zu Jauer in Silesia. II. Volume, 2008, pp. 154-166.
  13. ↑ Rev 14,6  LUT .
  14. ↑ Partner municipality Jauer / Jawor (Poland). In: kirche-oderwitz-mittelherwigsdorf.de, accessed on January 29, 2018.