Friedrich (Mecklenburg)

Georg David Matthieu : Portrait of Duke Friedrich (1772), Gut Hohen Luckow collection

Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg [-Schwerin], called the Pious or the Kind , sometimes wrongly Friedrich I or Friedrich II (born November 9, 1717 in Schwerin , † April 24, 1785 in Ludwigslust ) was the ruling Duke of Mecklenburg in the region Mecklenburg-Schwerin .

Life

Duke Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

He was the son of Duke Christian Ludwig II and his wife Gustave Karoline, the daughter of Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz .

In his childhood and youth, his great-aunt Auguste zu Mecklenburg had a great influence on the intellectual and spiritual development of her great-nephew. As a child and adolescent, he often visited her. It was through them that his piety , which was essentially shaped by Pietism , developed.

After the death of his father, he took over the government of the duchy on May 30, 1756. Shortly after taking office, the country was drawn into the Seven Years War . The Prussian troops who were in the country as a result of the Reich execution forced their recruits out of the local population, sometimes by force. Friedrich's complaints to the Prussian King Friedrich II did not help. So in March 1757, Friedrich joined the alliance with Sweden and France, albeit defensively. He allowed the Swedes to pass through Mecklenburg. As a result, Mecklenburg became the scene of fighting and Friedrich had to flee from Mecklenburg to Lübeck by the summer of 1762 before the Prussian troops of General Paul von Werner , where he resided in the Hoghehus . After the peace treaty, Mecklenburg was forced to pay high contributions to Prussia . The city of Rostock refused to pay, so that in 1760 Friedrich relocated parts of the Rostock University to Bützow and founded the Friedrichs University . The conflict with the city could only be resolved in 1789 after his death.

Friedrich, who was a staunch supporter of Pietism , was described as a mild, thrifty and just ruler. He promoted the school system, cloth manufacturing and abolished torture. He managed to buy back the goods pledged to Hanover. On October 12, 1764 Friedrich confirmed the Pious to protect Jews Mecklenburg-Schwerin (those of the Jewish community in Schwerin excluded) her on the parliament to Schwaan adopted statutes that order, and Statue of Mecklenburg in the ducal lands living protected Jews , bringing the Landjudenschaft Mecklenburg -Schwerins was created.

In 1764 he moved his residence from Schwerin to Ludwigslust. In 1765, master builder Johann Joachim Busch began building the court church (completed in 1770, today the town church) and continued the expansion into a residence with the baroque castle , which was built from 1772 to 1776.

Princess Louise Friederike of Württemberg

Since March 2, 1746 he was married to Louise Friederike von Württemberg , the daughter of Hereditary Prince Friedrich Ludwig von Württemberg . Because of the early death of the bride's father, the wedding took place at the court of her Brandenburg uncle Friedrich-Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Schwedt at Schwedt Castle in Schwedt . The marriage remained childless, so that his nephew Friedrich Franz I , son of his brother Ludwig , took over the reign after his death. Friedrich was buried together with his wife in the court church in Ludwigslust .

Every summer, Duchess Louise Friederike moved into a house in Hamburg that the court bought in the early 1760s. For the rest of the year, from the end of 1786, she took her widow's seat in the Rostock Palais . Her portrait “with Mohrenknaben” (1772) by the court painter Georg David Matthieu is in the collection of the State Museum Schwerin .

literature

Ludwig Fromm : Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 558.

Web links

Commons : Friedrich (Mecklenburg) - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Meyers Konversationslexikon. 3rd edition, Volume 11 (1876), p. 353 (Mecklenburg)

↑ Both dynastic counts are wrong. Friedrich I suggests another Mecklenburg regent named Friedrich, who never existed. Friedrich II focuses on the grandfather of the same name of this prince (1638–1688), who is mistakenly counted as Friedrich I. That grandfather died, however, without ever having come to government himself and thus only worked as a parent-keeper for the sex.

↑ “We graciously deigned to fix this agreement under them to a certain regulation, that We then aim for good order among the Jews in Our Land , deferiate the petition with grace, and after We have the draft revised, this agreement, like such In the 66 articles attached here, it now reads, rulership approved and established permanent law and regulations for all protective Jews in our duchies and lands, but with the exception of those privileged here in Schwerin. "Cf. Leopold Donath, Geschichte der Juden in Mecklenburg from the oldest times (1266) up to the present (1874) , Leipzig: Leiner, 1874 [reprint Vaduz: Sendet, 1984], p. 134seq.

↑ See collection of laws for the Mecklenburg-Schwerin'schen Lande : 6 vols., Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Raabe (ed.), Wismar u. a .: Hinstorff, 1844-1859, 'IV. Volume: Church stuff. Teaching and educational institutions. Statutory matters' (1852), No. 3231, p. 183seqq.

↑ Renate Penßel, Jewish religious communities as public corporations: 1800-1919 , Köln u. a .: Böhlau, 2014, (= research on ecclesiastical legal history and canon law; vol. 33), p. 355. ISBN 3-412-22231-3 , ISBN 978-3-412-22231-4 ; zugl .: Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-Univ., Diss., 2012 udT: Renate Penßel, Jewish Religious Communities as Corporations under Public Law: a legal historical investigation from the beginning of the 19th century until the Weimar Constitution came into force .

↑ (* February 3, 1722 in Stuttgart, † August 2, 1791 in Hamburg)

↑ He († 1731) was survived by his father.

↑ (1737–1778)

↑ Fig. In Karin Annette Möller: From Meißen via Berlin to Fürstenberg - On the origin of the Schwerin Fürstenberg collection. , Porzellan aus Fürstenberg, catalog, Schwerin 2002, p. 20 ff. ISBN 3861060736

predecessor	Office	successor
Christian Ludwig II.	Duke of Mecklenburg [-Schwerin] 1756–1785	Friedrich Franz I.

personal data
SURNAME	Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Friedrich the Pious (nickname); Friedrich II. (Wrongly)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Duke of Mecklenburg
DATE OF BIRTH	November 9, 1717
PLACE OF BIRTH	Schwerin
DATE OF DEATH	April 24, 1785
Place of death	Ludwigslust

[1] Meyers Konversationslexikon. 3rd edition, Volume 11 (1876), p. 353 (Mecklenburg)

[2] Both dynastic counts are wrong. Friedrich I suggests another Mecklenburg regent named Friedrich, who never existed. Friedrich II focuses on the grandfather of the same name of this prince (1638–1688), who is mistakenly counted as Friedrich I. That grandfather died, however, without ever having come to government himself and thus only worked as a parent-keeper for the sex.

[3] “We graciously deigned to fix this agreement under them to a certain regulation, that We then aim for good order among the Jews in Our Land , deferiate the petition with grace, and after We have the draft revised, this agreement, like such In the 66 articles attached here, it now reads, rulership approved and established permanent law and regulations for all protective Jews in our duchies and lands, but with the exception of those privileged here in Schwerin. "Cf. Leopold Donath, Geschichte der Juden in Mecklenburg from the oldest times (1266) up to the present (1874) , Leipzig: Leiner, 1874 [reprint Vaduz: Sendet, 1984], p. 134seq.

[4] See collection of laws for the Mecklenburg-Schwerin'schen Lande : 6 vols., Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Raabe (ed.), Wismar u. a .: Hinstorff, 1844-1859, 'IV. Volume: Church stuff. Teaching and educational institutions. Statutory matters' (1852), No. 3231, p. 183seqq.