Friedrich Magnus zu Salm

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Friedrich Magnus zu Salm , posthumous painting by Johann Valentin Tischbein for the Governor's Palace of Maastricht, around 1750

Friedrich Magnus zu Salm , also Friedrich I. Magnus zu Salm- Dhaun - Neufville , (* July 29, 1606 , † January 25, 1673 in Maastricht ), was a wild and Rhine count from the noble family Salm , a lieutenant general of the cavalry in the Army of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces and Governor of Sluis and Maastricht.

Life

Friedrich Magnus, son of the wild and Rhine Count Friedrich zu Salm (1547–1608) from his fourth marriage to Anna Amalie zu Erbach (1577– ~ 1630), was raised Lutheran and entered the military service of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces in 1624, whose governor family , the House of Orange , to which he was largely related through Amalie zu Solms-Braunfels , supported his career. On May 10, 1635, he married in Rueil Margaretha de Thessart (1619-1670), a niece of Cardinal Richelieu and cousin of the Scottish polymath Robert Moray . As a tutor to his sons he employed the French scholar Samuel de Sorbière .

In 1635 he became a colonel . In 1638, during the Eighty Years War , Spanish troops captured him during an operation in Bergen op Zoom . In the spring of 1641 he accompanied William II of Orange on his honeymoon in England. On November 4, 1641 he got a job as "Commander of the Cavalry of the States". In August 1642 he was named governor of the city of Sluis. In 1646 he took part in the siege of Antwerp . In January 1648 he played a crucial role in the occupation of the Overmaas . On November 9, 1648 he succeeded Johann Albert (Albrecht) zu Solms (1599-1648), the brother of Amalie zu Solms-Braunfels, governor of Maastricht. In 1649 the Danish King Friedrich III awarded him . the Elephant Order .

As governor of Maastricht, he refused the oath of allegiance to Ferdinand of Bavaria , Prince-Bishop of Liège and sovereign of the city, which he was obliged to take under the Antwerp Treaty of May 31, 1576. It was not until June 7, 1652 that he made it to his successor Maximilian Heinrich . During his tenure as governor, he was particularly busy with expanding and strengthening the fortifications of Maastricht. On October 20, 1657, he was commissioned to carry out a military expedition to the monastery of Münster in order to support the city of Münster against their Prince-Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen . On July 28, 1665 he was appointed cavalry general of the Dutch army under Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen . As such, he advanced again in 1665 as part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War against the Prince-Bishop of Munster, who, in alliance with Charles II of England, attempted to conquer Borculo . On January 17, 1668 he rose as a lieutenant general to commander in chief of the entire cavalry of the Dutch army. In the last years of his governorate over the fortress Maastricht, he made several preparations for a possible attack by the French army. In May of the " disaster year " 1672, this attack actually took place as part of the Dutch War of Louis XIV . The city was besieged until Wilhelm III. in November 1672 could horror. Friedrich Magnus died soon after and was buried on January 28, 1673 in the Jesuit church in Maastricht. His successor as governor was Jacques de Fariaux (1627–1695).

Family and offspring

Friedrich Magnus' half-brother was Philipp Otto zu Salm , whom Emperor Ferdinand II had made imperial prince on January 8, 1623 in order to bind him to the House of Habsburg . His marriage to Margaretha de Thessart (also Marguerite Thésart, Taisart, Tissart, lady of Essars et de Lasson, baronne de Tournebu , even Tournebeuf or Turnebach ) had Friedrich Magnus two sons:

  • Friedrich Wilhelm (1637–1665, killed in a duel)
  • Karl Florentin zu Salm (1638–1676), ⚭ Marie Gabrielle de Lalaing (~ 1640–1709)

Friedrich Magnus is considered to be the founder of the "Flemish" line or the Neufville line of the Salm family, whose offspring Nikolaus Leopold zu Salm-Salm inherited the Principality of Salm-Salm with the death of Ludwig Otto zu Salm , the last male descendant of Philipp Otto zu Salm . The descendants from the Salm-Salm houses go back to Friedrich Magnus, as well as the descendants in the Salm- Kyrburg line (Salm-Leuze).

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Prisca Valkeneers: Van timmermanszoon tot schilder aan het hof . In: De Zeventiende Eeuw , 27 (2011), 2, p. 293
  2. ↑ Gérard Dielemans: Sir Robert Moray à Maastricht (1657–1659) , website in the portal rudyard-kipling.fr , accessed on August 4, 2019
  3. ↑ Vlad Alexandrescu: What Someone May Have Whispered in Elisabeth's Ear . In: Daniel Garber, Donald Rutherford (eds.): Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy , Clarendon Press, Oxford 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-965959-3 , Volume 6, p. 10 ( Google Books )
  4. ↑ Petrus (Pierre) Joseph Hubertus Ubachs: Twee heren, twee confessies. De verhouding van Staat en Kerk te Maastricht 1632–1673 . Dissertation, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Van Gorcum, Assen 1975, p. 146 ( PDF )
  5. ↑ The Jesuit church served the Calvinist Walloon community from 1639 to 1673 (converted into a theater in 1788; De monumenten in de gemeente Maastricht ).
  6. ^ Genealogical Reichs- und Staats-Handbuch for the year 1804 . Frankfurt am Main 1804, Volume 1, p. 198 ( Google Books )
personal data
SURNAME Salm, Friedrich Magnus to
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wild and Rhine Count from the Salm family, Lieutenant General of the Cavalry in the Army of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces and Governor of Sluis and Maastricht
DATE OF BIRTH July 29, 1606
DATE OF DEATH January 25, 1673
Place of death Maastricht