Friedrich Saturgus

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Friedrich Saturgus (born February 21, 1697 in Königsberg (Prussia) , † May 25, 1754 ibid) was a German merchant in Königsberg. He created the Saturgus garden . 150 years later, the house was expanded to become the Zschock monastery .

heritage

Friedrich's father Adolf I. Saturgus († 1700) came to Kneiphof from Düsseldorf as a (Catholic) wine merchant in 1681 . In the same year he married Anna Elisabeth Kayser (1664–1746). In January 1722, the wealthy daughter of a stone mason bought the property on the Lastadie am Neuen Graben, which her son later turned into Saturgus' garden. By 1741 she had amassed a huge estate. She founded the old town widow and orphan monastery opposite the Neurossgärter church .

She gave her husband 9 children, 5 of whom are known: Anna Barbara (1682–1717), Maria (1683–1716), Adolf II (1685–1739), Anna Dorothea († before 1746) and Friedrich. She outlived her husband by 46 years. When she died, she bequeathed her large estate in equal shares to her grandchildren and her youngest child Friedrich, who was the only one who had survived her. Friedrich inherited the main building with the city apartment in Kneiphöfschen Langgasse, the Great Garden with the two houses on Neuer Graben and a capital of 10,000 guilders .

In the Königsberg century the Saturgus were the richest grain dealers in East Prussia . They owned the first three-master built in Königsberg . To I. Friedrich Wilhelm and his successor Friedrich II. Talked Friedrich and his older brother Adolf II. Excellent relations. 69 cabinet letters from three Prussian kings have been preserved.

patron

As a lover of poetry and music , Frederick Saturgus 1728 a collection of German Passions songs by Barthold Heinrich Brockes from Hamburg are introduced in Catholic worship. He supported the young Johann Friedrich Reichardt . He sponsored the theater and enabled Konrad Ernst Ackermann to build the Königsberg City Theater on Kreytzenplatz. His collection of paintings came into the possession of the city president Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel (probably at the auction) .

Saturgus garden

In 1734 the brothers Friedrich and Adolf II. Saturgus bought the new parent company in the Kneiphöfischen Langgasse. Friedrich (since 1748 Kommerzienrat ) bought a granary in Tränkgasse in 1744, in 1747 a garden bordering on his inheritance, in 1749 a Reiferbahn with a granary on the Laak , in 1750 a corner granary on the Old Town Bohlwerk and in 1752 eighteen apartments on the Neuer Graben - for one reason: He wanted to give his city a "Rococo gift", the soon-to-be-famous Saturgus Garden. With two orangeries , the sundial , the maze , the field stone pyramid , the observation tower , the shell grotto and the water arts , the garden was known as the “little Veitshöchheim ”. The greatest achievement was the ownership and technical planning of the almost 1 km long water pipe . A passage prescribed by the magistrate in January 1753, which Friedrich Saturgus had paved and planted with linden trees, led around the entire property . Construction of the garden was completed in the summer of 1753. The Königsberg "water poet" Johann Friedrich Lauson recorded the whole thing in (poor) poetry .

Natural history cabinet

The natural history cabinet with the Andreas Hedio collection was probably a creation of the brothers Friedrich Franz and Adolf III. Bartholomew. For Georg Christoph Pisanski it surpassed all “former and present in Prussia in completeness and preciousness” . Even Johann III Bernoulli and Friedrich Samuel Bock praised the botanical , ornithological , mineralogical and entomological collections and books, engravings and drawings . No less a person than Immanuel Kant became head of the natural history cabinet in 1766.

testator

Friedrich Saturgus remained unmarried and childless. His two nephews inherited the property; Franz Friedrich was also a councilor of commerce at the age of 26, Adolf III. Head of the Catholic Provost Church . As a grain dealer they were in the Silesian Wars and the Seven Years' War came to great wealth. The company's assets amounted to 902,460 guilders.

The brothers gave gifts to the pilgrimage church Heiligelinde and made it possible to rebuild the burnt-down provost church with 95,000 guilders . The Altstädtischer church they donated a lot of money for the new organ by Adam Gottlob Casparini .

After huge losses in Poland , the company went bankrupt in 1783 . The property was auctioned and sold. Due to the bankruptcy of its headmaster, the Catholic Church lost all of its assets of 31,026 guilders; But she did not reproach Saturgus: “Non tam sui quam alterius causa” . She was compensated by the budget ministry with 464 thalers, 14 groschen and 15 pfennigs.

Around 1800, Friedrich Franz founded a new, modest business. He died in 1810, seven years after Adolf III. Bartholomew. With them the male line of Saturgus went out. Agnes Miegel is one of the descendants of Anna Barbara Saturgus . The Königsberg bookseller Fritz Grunwald and Ernst Hardt can be traced back to Barbara Louise Saturgus.

Until 1933 and then to remote as regards Wi place the city of Konigsberg called the Woedestraße in Saturgusstraße order.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ F. Gause: The property of the Saturgus family in Königsberg. 1956.
  2. ↑ Because of a spice shop, the parent company on the corner of Kneiphöfische Langgasse and Magisterstraße was called "Green Pharmacy"
  3. ↑ a b c d e f H. M. Mühlpfordt: Friedrich Saturgus, his house and his garden. 1981.
  4. ^ Emil Brenning :  Lauson, Johann Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1883, p. 71.
  5. ^ Axel E. Walter: Königsberg book and library history. Cologne 2004.
personal data
SURNAME Saturgus, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German entrepreneur and patron in Königsberg
DATE OF BIRTH February 21, 1697
PLACE OF BIRTH Koenigsberg
DATE OF DEATH May 25, 1754
Place of death Koenigsberg