Furmanowo (Kaliningrad, Bagrationovsk)
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Furmanowo
(Klein Dexen, Schlawitten, Wonditten) Фурманово
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Furmanowo ( Russian Фурманово ) is the name of three formerly independent - now defunct - places (until 1945 Klein Dexen , Schlawitten and Wonditten ) in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad ( Koenigsberg area (Prussia) ). Until 2009 they belonged to the Orechowski soviet (Dorfsovjet Orechowo ( Althof, Preußisch Eylau district )) in the Bagrationowsk district ( Prussian Eylau ).
Geographical location
The distance from the places known today as Furmanowo to the present day Rajons capital Bagrationowsk ( Prussian Eylau ) to the east was six to seven kilometers. The German Reichsstrasse 128 (today's Russian trunk road A 195 ) and the railway line from Königsberg (Prussia) via Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Polish) to Prostken (today from Kaliningrad only to Bagrationowsk) could be reached there until 1945 .
Little Dexen
history
Klein Dexen ( location ; in contrast to Groß Dexen, 1 km to the north, today in Russian Nagornoje ) already existed at the beginning of the 14th century. Before 1945 it was a rural community in the district of Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia .
This rural community Klein Dexen was formed in 1928 through the merger with the (partial) manor district Preussisch Eylau (forest) and the manor districts Körnen (now Polish), Lölken and Pilzen (now Russian: Dubrowka). In 1930 the municipality of Klein Dexen was incorporated into the administrative district of Dexen, until 1938 the merger of the rural communities of Klein Dexen and Wonditten with the communities of Orschen (now Polish: Osry), Bornehnen (now Russian: Bogatowo) and Klaussen (now Russian: Dubrowka) to form the new one Gutsiertel Stablack (garden town Stablack, today Russian: Dolgorukowo) took place. This in turn was incorporated into the newly formed Stablack district, which existed until 1945.
After 1939, a main camp (Stalag IA) with barracks for prisoners of war was built north-east of the village and distributed to the surrounding villages for work. Later men and women were interned here.
In 1945 the Russian-Polish state border was drawn south of the municipality of Klein Dexen. Klein Dexen experienced the fate of almost all of the villages settled here - and on the edge of a military training area - and could not survive. A war cemetery southeast of the village today commemorates the war events. A bus stop "in the country" without houses seems to be the only one today to mark the place where Klein Dexen was once located.
church
Village church
The Klein Dexener Church was built around 1317 and was first mentioned in a document in 1320. It lasted for more than six centuries until it had to make way for the expansion of the Stablack military training area (now Russian: Dolgorukowo) at the end of the 1930s . Your interior was moved to the church in Stablack, which was built in 1937. When this was used for purposes other than the horse stable and cinema hall after 1945, the equipment was lost. In the 1980s, the last stone remains of the Klein Dexener church were destroyed.
Only the church bell , cast in Königsberg (Prussia) (today Russian: Kaliningrad) in 1710 was able to survive. Although it was called in at the beginning of the war in 1940 to be melted down for ammunition purposes, it was preserved and was found again in the bell cemetery in Hamburg . On February 6, 1952, it was brought into the Nordhorn Kreuzkirche - near the Dutch border - and in the presence of the son (Hans Hoehne) of the fourth from last pastor from Klein Dexen, Erdmuth Johannes Hoehne - himself pastor in the nearby Neuenhaus at the time .
Parish
The pre- Reformation parish of Klein Dexen, which has been evangelical since the Reformation , originally belonged to the Bartenstein Inspection (today in Polish: Bartoszyce) and only later came to the parish of Preußisch Eylau (today in Russian: Bagrationowsk) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . At the beginning of the 20th century there were more than 5,000 parishioners.
In 1938 the parish seat of Klein Dexen had to be relocated to the newly created garden town of Stablack (today Russian: Dolgorukowo) when the Klein Dexen church could no longer be used due to the construction of a military training area.
The parishioners were distributed over 32 locations, which today - if they still exist - are located on Russian and Polish territory (* = school locations):
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Pastor
From the Reformation until 1938 the following ministers were in office in Klein Dexen:
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To sleep
The small village of Schlawitten was one kilometer southeast of Klein Dexen and seven kilometers from Preussisch Eylau (today in Russian: Bagrationowsk) away ( Lage ). In 1910, 66 inhabitants were registered here.
In 1928, repression Witten became part of the rural community Wonditten and belonged as its district initially for District Dexen, 1938 (Russian: Dolgorukowo) for District Stablack in district Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia .
In the church, Schlawitten belonged to the parish of Klein Dexen until 1938 , then to the parish of Stablack, but still to the parish of Preussisch Eylau in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
The immediate location in the area of the Russian-Polish state border also sealed the fate of Schlawitten after 1945, which almost disappeared without a trace.
Wonditten
Wonditten was the smallest of the three villages named Furmanowo after 1945. In 1910 52 people lived here. The distance to Klein Dexen was two kilometers, and to the city of Preussisch Eylau (today Russian: Bagrationowsk) it was six kilometers ( Lage ).
Wonditten had belonged to the Dexen district since 1874. In 1928 the city was incorporated suppression Witten, and in 1938 the transfer took place in the District Stablack (now Russian: Dolgorukowo) within the district Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia .
The 1945 demarcation between Russia and Poland immediately put an end to this village on the southern municipal border.
literature
- Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 . Part 1: The parishes and their positions . Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1968 ( special publications of the Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia eV 11, ISSN 0505-2734 ).