Hollow tooth

Hollow tooth
	Common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis tetrahit )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily :	Lamioideae
Genre :	Hollow tooth
Scientific name
	Galeopsis
	L.

The hollow tooth ( Galeopsis ) is a plant genus in the family of the lip bloom plants (Lamiaceae). The ten or so species are mainly found in Eurasia .

description

Illustration from Storm of the Broad-leaved Hollow Tooth ( Galeopsis ladanum )

What is unusual is the almost complete lack of gland ducts and essential oils , which are found in almost all lip flower plants.

Vegetative characteristics

Galeopsis species are annual herbaceous plants . The upright or ascending stems are square, fleshy and branchy. The node ( Nodien ) are thickened in many species. Some species have prickly-bristly hair, especially at the nodes and in the area of the inflorescence . The cross-opposite leaves are petiolate. The simple leaf blades are ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or diamond-shaped, mostly with serrated edges.

Zygomorphic flower from the side with a visible tooth on the lower lip of the yellow hollow tooth ( Galeopsis segetum )

Flower of the common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis tetrahit ) with pollinators

Klaus fruit with smooth Klausen of the common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis tetrahit )

Generative characteristics

Six to many flowers stand in several pseudo whorls arranged one above the other or in the uppermost area concentrated one above the other on the stem . The tiny bracts are linear or lanceolate.

The seated, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused tubular-bell-shaped, with the five- to ten-nerved calyx more or less regularly five-toothed with stiff sub-thorny calyx-tooth ends; the upper calyx teeth are longer in some species. The five petals are fused together like a funnel and form the typical lip flowers. The elongated corolla tube has no hair in the elongated throat. The upper and lower lips are both well developed. The upright, concave, egg-shaped upper lip has a smooth or toothed edge and is hairy on the outside. The spread out, in most species colored speckled, three-lobed lower lip has an inverted heart-shaped middle lobe and egg-shaped side lobes; the connection between the central and lateral lobes is toothed. The characteristic feature of the hollow tooth types are two hollow, tooth-like protuberances on the lower crown lip, to which the common name hollow tooth refers. The colors of the corollas range from white to whitish to yellow and purple; they can be multicolored and spotted. The four fertile stamens rise below the upper lip. The stylus ends with two unequal, awl-shaped stylus branches.

The Klaus fruit disintegrates into four smooth Klausen, which are broadly obovate with a blunt end.

Occurrence

Narrow-leaved hollow tooth ( Galeopsis angustifolia )

Two-column hollow tooth ( Galeopsis bifida )

The ten or so Galeopsis species occur in Europe , West and North Asia . They usually thrive in fields, on forest fields, gravel fields and similar ruderal places.

Front in Central Europe come: Narrow-hollow tooth ( Galeopsis angustifolia ), Two-column hollow tooth ( Galeopsis bifida ), Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle ( Galeopsis ladanum ), soft-haired hollow tooth ( Galeopsis pubescens ), Yellow hollow tooth ( Galeopsis segetum ), Colorful hollow tooth ( Galeopsis speciosa ) and Common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis tetrahit ).

Yellow hollow tooth ( Galeopsis segetum )

Inflorescence of the colorful hollow tooth ( Galeopsis speciosa )

Systematics

The genus Galeopsis was established by Carl von Linné in 1753 . Britton & Brown established Galeopsis tetrahit L. as the lectotype in 1913 . Synonyms for Galeopsis L. are: Ladanum Gilib. and Dalanum Dostál . The genus Galeopsis belongs to the subfamily Lamioideae in the family Lamiaceae .

There are around ten species of Galeopsis :

Narrow-leaved hollow tooth ( Galeopsis angustifolia Ehrh. Ex Hoffm. ) (Also referred to as a subsp.angustifolia (Ehrh. Ex Hoffm.) Gaudin to Galeopsis ladanum )
Two-column hollow tooth ( Galeopsis bifida Boenn. )
Broad-leaved hollow tooth ( Galeopsis ladanum L. ); with two subspecies:
- Galeopsis ladanum subsp. carpetana (Will.) O.Bolòs & Vigo : It occurs in central Spain.
- Galeopsis ladanum subsp. ladanum : It occurs from Europe to Central Asia.
Galeopsis nana Otsch. : The home is Transcaucasia .
Soft-haired hollow tooth ( Galeopsis pubescens Besser )
Galeopsis pyrenaica Bartl. : The homeland is the Pyrenees (Spain and France).
Galeopsis reuteri Rchb.f. : The home is the Southwest Alps (France and Italy).
Galeopsis rivas-martinezii Mateo & MBCrespo (is also used as a synonym for Galeopsis angustifolia )
Yellow hollow tooth , also called seed hollow tooth ( Galeopsis segetum Neck. )
Colorful hollow tooth ( Galeopsis speciosa Mill. )
Common hollow tooth ( Galeopsis tetrahit L. )

Hybridization is common , for example:

Galeopsis × acuminata Rchb. (= Galeopsis pubescens × Galeopsis tetrahit )
Galeopsis × carinthiaca Porsch ex Fiori (= Galeopsis bifida × Galeopsis pubescens )
Galeopsis × haussknechtii Ludw. (= Galeopsis ladanum × Galeopsis segetum )
Galeopsis × ludwigii Hausskn. (= Galeopsis bifida × Galeopsis tetrahit )
Galeopsis × polychroma Beck (= Galeopsis pubescens × Galeopsis speciosa )
Galeopsis × wirtgenii F. Ludw. ex Briq. (= Galeopsis angustifolia × Galeopsis segetum )

swell

Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Galeopsis. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , pp. 156 (English, online ). (Sections Description and Systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 579, digitized .
↑ Nathaniel Lord Britton, Addison Brown: An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. 2nd Edition. C. Scribner's sons, New York 1913, p. 119, digitized .
^ Galeopsis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Galeopsis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 4, 2019.
^ Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 , p. 700 .

Web links

Commons : Hollow Tooth ( Galeopsis ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Illustrated identification key for the types of hollow teeth occurring in Germany

[SpPl-1] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 579, digitized .

[BrittonBrown-2] Nathaniel Lord Britton, Addison Brown: An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. 2nd Edition. C. Scribner's sons, New York 1913, p. 119, digitized .

[Tropicos-3] Galeopsis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[WCSP-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Galeopsis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 4, 2019.

[SF-5] Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 , p. 700 .