Elaeocarpus

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Elaeocarpus
Buttroot stem of Elaeocarpus angustifolius

Buttroot stem of Elaeocarpus angustifolius

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Wood sorrel (Oxalidales)
Family : Elaeocarpaceae
Genre : Elaeocarpus
Scientific name
Elaeocarpus
L.

Elaeocarpus is a genus in the family of Elaeocarpaceae within the order of sorrel-like (Oxalidales). With around 350 species , it is the most species-rich genus in the Elaeocarpaceae family. German names for the genus are "Ganiter trees" and "oil fruits". The main distribution area is the Paleotropic .

description

Illustration of Elaeocarpus dentatus

Appearance and leaves

The Elaeocarpus species are woody , evergreen plants ; most species grow as trees , some as shrubs . The leaves are alternate or spirally arranged on the branches . The petiole is usually long and thickened at both ends. The leaf margin can be serrated or smooth. The mostly linear, sometimes leaf-shaped stipules usually fall off early, rarely are they permanent.

Inflorescences and flowers

Elaeocarpus species form lateral , racemose inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are four or five-fold with a double flower envelope . The four or five sepals are hairy on the outside . There are four or five mostly free, white petals . The eight to 100 stamens have short stamens . The dust bag has two counters. Usually two to seven fruit leaves are two to a constant top up siebenkammerigen ovary grown. Each ovary chamber contains two to twelve ovules . The discus is usually five to ten-lobed glandular , rarely ring-shaped.

Fruits and seeds

The stone fruits usually have one, rarely up to five chambers and a hard endocarp . Each chamber contains only one seed . The seeds contain a fleshy endosperm and a straight or curved embryo with two thin cotyledons .

distribution

The occurrence of the genus Elaeocarpus extends from Madagascar across South Asia and the island world of the Indian Ocean east to East Asia and Southeast Asia as well as Australia and Oceania to Hawaii . The greatest biodiversity is found on the islands of Borneo and New Guinea .

Most species are native to tropical to subtropical rainforests ; the species that penetrates furthest south into the temperate climate zone is Elaeocarpus reticulatus in southeastern Australia .

Systematics

The Swedish botanist Carl von Linné identified the genus Elaeocarpus with the type species Elaeocarpus serratus L. in his work Species plantarum , 1, p. 515 , published in 1753. Synonyms for Elaeocarpus L. are Acronodia Blume , Dicera J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. , Ganitrus Gaertner and Monocera Jack. .

Blue drupes and colored foliage of Elaeocarpus angustifolius
Elaeocarpus bifidus
Seedling of Elaeocarpus eumundii
Elaeocarpus floribundus
Elaeocarpus ganitrus
Elaeocarpus grandis
Flowers of Elaeocarpus hainanensis
Elaeocarpus holopetalus
Underside and top of the leaf of Elaeocarpus kirtonii
Elaeocarpus munronii
Elaeocarpus obovatus
Elaeocarpus reticulatus
Blue drupe and leaves of Elaeocarpus sedentarius
Elaeocarpus serratus
Habit of Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. Ellipticus
Flowers of Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. Ellipticus
Elaeocarpus tuberculatus
Elaeocarpus variabilis

The genus Elaeocarpus contains about 350 species:

use

Some Elaeocarpus - species provide edible fruit .

The medicinal effects of some species have been studied.

The wood from E. reticulatus and E. lanceaefolius is used. A blue-black dye and tannin are obtained from the bark of E. dentatus and E. hookerianus .

Web links

Commons : Elaeocarpus  - collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  • Ya Tang & Chamlong Phengklai: Elaeocarpaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 12, 2007, p. 223: Elaeocarpus - Online. (Section Description and Distribution)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 17th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3573-6 .
  2. ^ Elaeocarpus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ Elaeocarpus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ^ Entry in The Plant List .
  5. ↑ a b c Elaeocarpus reticulatus at Plants of A Future .
  6. ↑ a b c Elaeocarpus dentatus at Plants of A Future .
  7. ↑ a b Elaeocarpus lanceaefolius at Plants of A Future .
  8. ↑ Elaeocarpus hookerianus in Plants of A Future .