Lobed message
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Lobed melon ( Atriplex laciniata ), illustration |
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The lobed melde ( Atriplex laciniata ) is a species of the report ( Atriplex ) in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The lobed melde is an annual herbaceous plant with a whitish-silvery surface. Their prostrate (up to ascending) stem is mostly 20 to 30 cm (rarely up to 60 cm) in length, heavily branched with smooth or slightly angular reddish-yellow branches.
The leaves (with the exception of the lowest) are arranged alternately on the stem. The leaf blade, floured on both sides, has a length of 1.5 to 5 cm and is rhombic to egg-shaped and dentate, with the upper leaves also oblong and almost entire. At the base, the leaves narrow in a wedge shape to a short petiole.
Inflorescence and flower
In lateral or terminal, short, spike-like inflorescences, the flowers are in clusters in the axilla of bracts. The lobed message is single sexed ( monoecious ). The female flowers are of two broad rhombic continue reading enveloped bloom do not exist, they contain only a vertical ovary .
The bloom time of the lobed melde in Germany extends from July to September. The pollination is usually done by the wind, but is also possible by insects.
Fruit and seeds
The vertical fruit is enveloped by the whitish-green, up to half-fused pre-leaves, which harden in the lower half to form a cartilaginous structure. With a length of usually 6 to 7 (up to 10) mm, they are broadly rhombic, usually wider than long, more or less three-lobed, smooth or irregularly serrated on the edge. They often have large appendages on the surface. There is only one type of seed, which is light brown and 3.5 to 4 mm in diameter.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Photosynthetic pathway
The lobed melde is a C 4 plant with a crown anatomy .
Occurrence and endangerment
The lobed message is native to western and north-western Europe. This Atlantic species occurs from Spain via France , Great Britain , Ireland , Belgium , the Netherlands , Germany , Denmark to Norway and Sweden . It is also rarely found as an introduced species on the northeast coast of North America .
It colonizes the coasts and grows on sand, in salt plant corridors and on flushing lines . It is a pointer plant for full sunshine and flooded, extremely nitrogen-rich soil . In the system of plant sociology it is a characteristic of the association Beto-Atriplicetum sabulosae from the association Salsolo-Honkenyion pepliodis.
In Germany, this native species is threatened with extinction ( Red List of Endangered Species 1), as their habitats are becoming increasingly rare due to dikes and coastal protection measures . In Schleswig-Holstein it is threatened with extinction, in Lower Saxony and Bremen it is already considered extinct.
Systematics
The lobed melde ( Atriplex laciniata ) belongs to the C 4 atriplex clade within the genus Atriplex . It is combined with several closely related species to form the Atriplex tatarica aggregate.
The first description of Atriplex laciniata was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 2, p 1,053th
Synonyms of Atriplex laciniata L. include Atriplex arenaria J. Woods , Atriplex maritima L. and Atriplex sabulosa Rouy (for more synonyms see Wikispecies).
literature
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 93 . (Section description)
- TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 116 (English, limited preview in Google Book search). (Section description)
- Stanley L. Welsh: Atriplex laciniata , p. 341 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 (English). (Section Description, Occurrence)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Entry at BiolFlor
- ↑ a b Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis , In : American Journal of Botany. Volume 97, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
- ↑ a b c Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Atriplex laciniata , 2011. Entry at Euro + Med Plantbase .
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 350 .
- ↑ Lobed report. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ First publication scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library .
Web links
Wikispecies: Atriplex laciniata - Species directory