Yellow Restharrow

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Yellow Restharrow
Yellow Restharrow (Ononis natrix)

Yellow Restharrow ( Ononis natrix )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Trifolieae
Genre : Restockers ( Ononis )
Type : Yellow Restharrow
Scientific name
Ononis natrix
L.

The yellow grouse ( Ononis natrix ) is a species of plant from the genus Restocking ( Ononis ) in the subfamily butterfly family (Faboideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). It is used as an ornamental plant.

description

illustration
Zygomorphic flowers
Legumes and seeds

Vegetative characteristics

The yellow restock grows as a subshrub and reaches heights of 10 to 70 centimeters. The vegetative parts of the plant are densely glandular and sticky hairy ( indument ). The upright or ascending stem is unbranched or branched from the base and woody at the base.

The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blade is usually three - the lowest rarely five, the uppermost rarely in one piece. The leaflets are elongated with a length of 1 to 3 centimeters, obovate to broadly linear with a wedge-shaped base and a pointed upper end. The stipules are herbaceous.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period usually extends from May to July, sometimes to October. At the nodes or in the upper area of ​​the branches, the flowers stand together in loose, leafy, racemose or panicle inflorescences . The bracts are awned. The flower stalk is usually 5 to 20 millimeters long.

The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The 8 to 12 millimeter long sepals are only briefly fused. The five ruler-lanceolate calyx teeth are 2.5 to 4 times longer than the calyx tube. The 12 to 20 millimeter long corolla has the typical shape of the butterflies and is about three times as long as the calyx. The color of the petals is strong yellow with reddish to purple veins.

Fruit and seeds

The hanging, glandular hairy and beaked legume is two to three times as long as the durable calyx and linear-elliptical with a length of 10 to 25 millimeters and a width of 3 to 4 millimeters. It usually contains 6 to 9, rarely up to 27 seeds. The spherical seeds have a tiny warty surface.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24, 32 or 64.

Occurrence

The distribution area of Ononis natrix is in the Mediterranean area, on the Iberian Atlantic coast and in warmer areas of Central Europe . The following locations are given: Germany , Switzerland , Austria , Hungary , former Yugoslavia , Portugal , Spain (including the Balearic Islands), France (including Corsica ), Italy (including Sardinia), Morocco , Algeria , Egypt , southern Turkey , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Syria , rarely in western Iraq . The information from the Canary Islands concerns Ononis angustissima and Ononis hesperia , from Libya Ononis ramosissima , from Sicily, Greece, Crete and the East Aegean islands Ononis ramosissima and Ononis talaverae . In China, the yellow pickaxe appears as a wild garden refugee.

In Baden-Württemberg, where the only likely natural occurrences in the southern Upper Rhine area were on the Tuniberg and the Kaiserstuhl , the yellow restock is considered to be extinct.

The yellow grouse thrives in dry, sunny places (poor meadows, stony slopes) from the hill level to the submontane level . It grows mainly in dry grass and semi-dry grass. Ononis natrix is a characteristic species of the order Brometalia erecti Br.-Bl. 1936.

Ononis natrix subsp. natrix

Systematics

The first publication of Ononis natrix was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum . The specific epithet " natrix " means adder .

From Ononis natrix there are four subspecies:

  • Ononis natrix subsp. arganietorum (Maire) Širj. : It only occurs in Morocco.
  • Ononis natrix subsp. natrix (Syn .: Ononis natrix subsp. candeliana (Maire) Maire ): It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, the former Yugoslavia, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Algeria and Morocco.
  • Ononis natrix subsp. prostrata (Br.-Bl. & Wilczek) Širj. : It only occurs in Morocco.
  • Ononis natrix subsp. stenophylla (Boiss.) Širj. : It occurs in Israel, Egypt and Lebanon and possibly as a garden refugee in Iraq.

Closely related species, sometimes associated with Ononis natrix , are Ononis angustissima Lam. , Ononis hesperia (Maire) Förther & Podl. , Ononis ramosissima Desf. and Ononis talaverae Devesa & López (Syn .: Ononis hispanica L.f. , nom. ambig.)

swell

  • Zhi Wei, Michael A. Vincent: Trifolieae . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 10: Fabaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 , Ononis natrix , p. 548 (English, online ). (Section description)
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Yellow Restharrow. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Zhi Wei, Michael A. Vincent: Trifolieae . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 10: Fabaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 , Ononis natrix , p. 548 (English, online ).
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 584 .
  4. ^ Ononis natrix in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ Manuel Arechavaleta, S. Rodríguez, Nieves Zurita, A. García (eds.): Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias. Hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2009. Gobierno de Canarias 2010, ISBN 978-84-89729-21-6 , p. 134 (PDF file, 12.5 MB). ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gobcan.es
  6. ^ A b Alain Dobignard, Cyrille Chatelain: Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du Nord. Volume 4: Dicotyledoneae: Fabaceae - Nymphaeaceae. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève 2012, ISBN 978-2-8277-0126-1 , pp. 131–155 ( online ).
  7. ^ G. Giardina, Francesco M. Raimondo, V. Spadaro: A catalog of plants growing in Sicily . In: Bocconea . tape 20 , 2007, ISBN 978-88-7915-022-4 , ISSN  1120-4060 , p. 169 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / unipa.it
  8. ↑ Panayiotis Dimopoulos, Thomas Raus, Erwin Bergmeier, Theophanis Constantinidis, Gregoris Iatrou, Stella Kokkini, Arne Strid, Dimitrios Tzanoudakis: Vascular Plants of Greece: An Annotated Checklist. (= Englera. Volume 31). Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem / Hellenic Botanical Society, Berlin / Athens 2013, ISBN 978-3-921800-88-1 , p. 96.
  9. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 , pp. 389-390 .
  10. ↑ Thomas Breunig, Siegfried Demuth: Red List of Fern and Seed Plants Baden-Württemberg (= Nature Conservation Practice. Species Protection. Volume 2). State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-88251-271-7 New clans classified as extinct or lost. ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fachdokumente.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de
  11. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 717 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D717%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  12. ^ Ononis natrix at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  13. ↑ a b c d e f Harald Förther, Dieter Podlech: Revision of the Ononis natrix group (Leguminosae) from Macaronesia, North Africa and the bordering West Asia. In: Communications from the Botanical State Collection, Munich. Volume 30, 1991, pp. 197-296, online .
  14. ↑ a b Florian G. Turini, Christian Bräuchler, Günther Heubl: Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of morphological characters in Ononis L. (Fabaceae). In: Taxon. Volume 59, No. 4, 2010, pp. 1077-1090 JSTOR 20773978 ( abstract; supplementary data ( memento of the original from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ingentaconnect.com
  15. ^ CC Townsend: Ononis. In: CC Townsend, Evan Guest (Ed.): Flora of Iraq. Volume Three, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform of the Republic of Iraq, Bagdad 1974, p. 78.

Web links

Commons : Yellow Restharrow ( Ononis natrix )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files