Gerhard II. (Bremen)

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Gerhard II. , Also Gerhard zur Lippe or Gebhard zur Lippe , in Latin Gerardus (* around 1190; † August 28, 1258 in Bremervörde ) was Archbishop of Bremen and Bishop of Hamburg from 1219 until his death .

biography

Seal of Gerhard II from 1240

Gerhard came from a family of the lords (later counts and princes) of Lippe with geographical origins near the Westphalian Hellweg and increasing territorial ownership in eastern Westphalia . The family provided numerous church dignitaries. He was the son of Bernhard II to Lippe and Heilwig von Are-Hochstaden. He was very similar to his father in his warlike and religious manner.

Gerhard was initially provost of Paderborn . In 1219 he succeeded Gerhard I of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen as Archbishop of Bremen . In the first years of his tenure, like several of his predecessors, he held two episcopate offices, the episcopate of Hamburg and the archiepiscopate of Bremen. Pope Honorius III. finally confirmed Bremen in 1224 as the seat of the double archdiocese of Bremen-Hamburg. However, there were still two donors . The cathedral chapter in Hamburg continued, but now had fewer rights than that in Bremen. The position of the Hamburg Chapter was weakened by the fact that Hamburg was effectively under the sovereignty of Denmark from 1201 until the defeat of Waldemar II at Bornhöved in 1227. Gerhard took an active part in this battle.

He contributed significantly to the rise of the archbishopric to one of the strongest powers in northwest Germany. However, in old age he came under the influence of his nephew Simon I of Paderborn . His successor in office was Hildebold von Wunstorf in 1258 .

War against the Stedinger

The subjugation of the Stedinger farmers was carried out by Gerhard II on a crusade with the support of the Earl of Oldenburg . In 1234 he subjugated Stedingen in the victorious battle of Altenesch . Gerhard renounced his sovereignty claims in Oldenburg , won and secured Stade and Dithmarschen against Denmark .

More feuds

In 1227 he took part in the battle of Bornhöved against Denmark and brokered peace between Denmark and the house of Schauenburg in Holstein and Schwerin .

Bremen and the Archbishop

In 1220 the Archbishop had the Witteborg built near Farge on the Weser and demanded taxes from the ships for the passage. But the people of Bremen protested against this regulation, so that the fortification was torn down again soon afterwards.

With the Gerhard reversals of 1246, the archbishop revoked rights granted (see Gelnhauser Privilege and Bremen City Law ) or assumed rights of the citizens of Bremen. Gerhard II wanted to arbitrarily recognize in future only the rights granted by him. Citizens were allowed only to the city Vogt contact the archbishop. An appeal to the Bremen council was excluded, because only the archbishop could grant the rights of his servants. Servants of the church could not be released even after more than a year in Bremen. Gerhard II exercised control over the craft offices. The church property was withdrawn from the Bremen jurisdiction. The city council was then no longer allowed to supplement itself, but was elected by the citizens entitled to vote.

Stellau Church

A Romanesque stone church , built by the Krummendieks near the battlefield of Stellau, was consecrated in 1230 by Archbishop Gerhard II.

Lilienthal Monastery

In 1232 Gerhard II founded the Lilienthal monastery near Bremen.

literature

predecessor Office successor
Gerhard I., from Oldenburg-Wildeshausen Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen,
from 1223 Archbishop of Bremen
1219–1258 		Hildebold von Wunstorf
personal data
SURNAME Gerhard II.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gebhard II. To the lip
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Bremen and Bishop of Hamburg
DATE OF BIRTH around 1190
DATE OF DEATH August 28, 1258
Place of death Bremervörde