Smooth hawkweed

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Smooth hawkweed
Smooth hawkweed (Hieracium laevigatum)

Smooth hawkweed ( Hieracium laevigatum )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Hawkweed ( Hieracium )
Type : Smooth hawkweed
Scientific name
Hieracium laevigatum
Willd.

The smooth hawkweed ( Hieracium laevigatum ) is a species of hawkweed ( Hieracium ) in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

Illustration of Hieracium laevigatum subsp. rigidum (Hartm.) Čelak.

The smooth hawkweed is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 120 cm. This hemicryptophyte forms an underground rhizome . The leaves are sessile or short-stalked and do not encompass the stems. The pure green, glandless leaves are lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate and three to eight times as long as they are wide. The underside of the leaf is slightly lighter than the upper side and has a more or less indistinct vein. The central stem leaves have a wedge-shaped, sometimes somewhat rounded base. There are usually no basal leaves during the flowering period.

The baskets stand together in panic to racemose , not umbel-like overall inflorescences . They have a cylindrical, hairy shell made of blunt, irregularly arranged, not noticeably protruding, outside variably poor to almost abundantly glandular bracts . The flower heads contain only yellow, five-lobed ray florets .

The flowering period extends from June to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 27.

ecology

The flowers are pollinated by bees , hover flies and butterflies .

Occurrence

The smooth hawkweed occurs in Europe from the boreal zone southwards to the submeridional zone , whereby montane (mountainous) terrain is also populated. The locations given are: Iceland, the Scandinavian countries, the Baltic countries, the British Isles, the Faroe Islands, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, the former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, northeast Turkey, Belarus, Ukraine, the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, western and eastern Siberia. Hieracium laevigatum is a neophyte in some temperate areas of North America .

In Germany the smooth hawkweed is widespread in all federal states. It is only found scattered in the Alps and in the foothills of the Alps, on the Swabian Alb and in western Schleswig-Holstein. In the Allgäu Alps in Unterau near Riezlern in Vorarlberg it rises up to 1100 m above sea level.

The smooth hawkweed inhabits light deciduous and pine forests, bushes, forest fringes, heaths, silicate grasslands and ruderal areas . It is mostly exposed to full sunlight. The locations are usually characterized by moderate warmth, while the soils have little to no lime content, moderate moisture (no moisture; does not dry out regularly), low pH value (acidic) and very low nitrogen content. It is a species of character of the order Quercetalia roboris-petraeae.

Taxonomy and systematics

The first description of Hieracium laevigatum was made in 1803 by the German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow in Species Plantarum. Editio Quarta. Berolini , 3 (3), p. 1590. A synonym of Hieracium laevigatum Willd. is Hieracium creperiforme Üksip. The species is very diverse. There are around 70 recognized subspecies in Europe and the Mediterranean.

photos

  • Whole inflorescence

  • Flower heads

  • Flower head from the side

  • Foliage leaves

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  1012 .
  2. ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  3. ↑ Hieracium laevigatum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 714.
  5. ↑ Hieracium laevigatum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (eds.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Hieracium laevigatum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Smooth hawkweed ( Hieracium laevigatum )  - album containing pictures, videos and audio files