Goldschmidtvilla (Radebeul)

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The Goldschmidtvilla , also called Villa Monrepos or House of Art , was a stately villa Auf den Bergen 9 in the Niederlößnitz district of the Saxon town of Radebeul . The listed property derives its name from the owner Joseph Goldschmidt, a Berlin banker of the Jewish faith. The adjoining half-timbered house on the mountains 11 and the gardener's house (Dr.-Rudolf-Friedrichs-Strasse 25) also belonged to the property . The house and property are located in the Radebeuler Steinrück wine-growing area and in the monument protection areaHistorical vineyard landscape in Radebeul , also in the landscape protection area Lößnitz . As a House of Art, the house wasalready a listed building during the GDR era .

Goldschmidtvilla, view from the east

The Goldschmidtvilla is now privately owned; the building, which was renovated in 2005, has since been used as an apartment building. The way on the mountains is part of the Saxon wine hiking trail .

description

Goldschmidtvilla, view from the west

The main building, the former stately villa, is now an unadorned, three-storey building with a flat hipped roof , characterized by strong, later renovations.

The plaster is structured by pilaster strips . Access is via a small flight of stairs through two roofed doors next to each other. On the back there is a polygonal protruding stand bay . Only the column-supported staircase inside has largely been preserved in its original state.

The extensive park property is enclosed by a quarry stone wall.

history

Gasthaus Jägerhof from the east (bottom left), Goldschmidtvilla top left, Barnewitz house in the center of the picture . The Paradies vineyard was covered with bushes after the phylloxera disaster (1901).
Villa Monrepos with garden, from the east, 1911

In the middle of the 19th century, the extensive vineyard property with some older buildings, as well as the nearby paradise , belonged to the Counts of Hohenthal -Dölkau. It was the northern part of the formerly royal Eckberg , which also included the properties to the south on what was later to become Terrassenstrasse.

After it had been in the possession of the family of the Berlin banker Joseph Goldschmidt as a summer residence since the end of the 19th century, the latter applied for the construction of a greenhouse through the architect and builder Adolf Naumann in 1892. The gardener's house was built in 1893. In 1894 the building contractor Carl Georg Semper built a representative villa in the Swiss style based on the design by Adolf Neumann and a park-like garden with water features instead of a winegrower's house .

Linked to the region of their summer residence, the family donated one of the four stained glass windows for the staircase in the Niederlößnitz elementary school in 1908 . In 1936 the donor name was removed from this window.

Curt Goldschmidt (born in Berlin in 1878, son of Joseph Goldschmidt and sole owner of the banking house Joseph Goldschmidt and Co.), who lived in Berlin, inherited the 10-hectare summer residence. In 1912 he planted 5,000 vines there to overcome the phylloxera disaster. The name of the house Villa Monrepos is linked to its entry in the address book from 1915 under the still undivided address Lange Straße 25 (corresponding to Dr.-Rudolf-Friedrichs-Straße 25, today only for the gardener's house). The Goldschmidt family was persecuted by the National Socialists after they came to power . Goldschmidt managed to emigrate to France with his family in the mid-1930s. The villa and all of its property were stolen from the family in 1938 when they were confiscated by the state. The villa went to the Charlottenburger Wasser- und Industriewerke , known as Charlotte-Wasser. Bankhaus Goldschmidt & Co was the largest single shareholder of the Charlottenburger Wasser- und Industriewerke until 1931 and Curt Goldschmidt was for many years chairman of the supervisory board of this previously private Berlin water supply company. The bank had become insolvent in 1931, and Charlotte-Wasser had bought back Goldschmidt's privately owned shares to secure claims against the bank. In 1932 Goldschmidt resigned from the Charlotte-Wasser supervisory board. Thereafter, the company belonged to a bank consortium. The city of Berlin under its National Socialist Mayor Julius Lippert tried in 1933 to bring Charlotte-Wasser under its influence. In 1933 a representative of the city moved into the supervisory board. The city achieved that Charlotte-Wasser was awarded the villa after the confiscation. After Berlin had acquired the Charlottenburger Wasser- und Industriewerke in 1939, it gave the property to the Langemarck Foundation of the Reichsstudentenwerk in the same year . This used the villa as a student residence for the year and a half to prepare "politically impeccable" and particularly talented members of the lower and middle classes (the Langemarck degree ) for university studies. In December 1939, the foundation applied for the construction of a separate sleeping house, which was built by the Dresden architect Wilhelm Jost . It was later used by the Reich Air Protection Association .

The property was not returned to the Goldschmidt family after 1945, it fell to the property authority of the city of Radebeul. As early as July 1945, an exhibition with graphics, paintings and sculptures by 22 artists from the Loessnitz took place in the building, which was renamed "Haus der Kunst" . The head of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden and art historian Wolfgang Balzer used the villa as interim accommodation for the Dresden Art Collections from 1946 and held a series of top-class exhibitions there from the holdings of the Old Masters Picture Gallery and on Dresden Impressionism in the years that followed . Theater performances, concerts and lecture evenings took place in the park and in the house, and work and rehearsal rooms were available in the house.

At the end of 1946, the Free German Trade Union Federation (FDGB) rented part of the premises, in 1950 it took over the entire property and made it “the property of the people”. The union school established there was named " M. Andersen Nexö " in 1951 . In 1955 the main building was rebuilt and expanded by the FDGB construction management. In 1990 the property was taken over by the German Federation of Trade Unions as an education center.

The Goldschmidtvilla is now privately owned; the building, which was renovated in 2005, has been used as a residential building since then.

literature

Web links

Commons : Goldschmidtvilla  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b According to the address book of Dresden and suburbs. 1915. Part VI, p. 361.
  2. ^ Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Directory of the cultural monuments of the town of Radebeul . Radebeul May 24, 2012, p. 6 (Last list of monuments published by the city of Radebeul. The Lower Monument Protection Authority, which has been located in the district of Meißen since 2012, has not yet published a list of monuments for Radebeul.).
  3. ^ Saxon protected areas at the SMUL , accessed on May 14, 2014.
  4. ↑ According to a map of the Radebeul city archive with additional information from Hans August Nienborg from 1710. In: Ingrid Zeidler: The development of viticulture in the area of ​​today's town of Radebeul in the 19th century. Polydruck, Radebeul 1985, p. 52.
  5. ↑ Ingrid Lewek; Wolfgang Tarnowski: Jews in Radebeul 1933–1945. Extended and revised edition. Major district town of Radebeul / City Archives, Radebeul 2008. ISBN 978-3-938460-09-2 , p. 33
  6. ↑ Dieter Ziegler, The Dresdner Bank and the German Jews: Unter Mitarb. by Maren Janetzko… Munich 2006, The Dresdner Bank in the Third Reich; Vol. 2 ISBN 978-3-486-57781-5 , p. 222 f.
  7. ^ Lutz Hachmeister Schleyer: a German history Munich (C. H. Beck) 2004, ISBN 3-406-51863-X , p. 140 ff.
  8. ↑ Ingrid Lewek; Wolfgang Tarnowski: Jews in Radebeul 1933–1945. Extended and revised edition. Large district town of Radebeul / City Archives, Radebeul 2008. ISBN 978-3-938460-09-2 , p. 33f.

Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 55 ″  N , 13 ° 39 ′ 3 ″  E